不公正法庭（麦兹哈利姆）的法官被任命，其职责是消除在国家权力之下生活的任何人所遭受的一切不公正，无论该人是否为国家的臣民，也无论不公正是由哈里发本人，还是由其下属的统治者和公务员所造成。

The judge of the Court of Injustices (Madhalim) is appointed to remove all injustices which have been inflicted upon any person who lives under the authority of the State, irrespective of whether the person is from the subjects of the State or not, and irrespective of whether the injustice was committed by the Khalifah or anyone below him from the rulers and civil servants.

本文给出了"马扎立姆法院"(Madhalim,不公正法院)法官的定义,以及不公正司法(Madhalim)的依据,即先知(phuh)所传述的:统治者在统治臣民时做出任何不合真理的行为,都被他称为不公正(Madhlamah)。艾奈斯传述说:先知穆罕默德ﷺ在世时物价飞涨,于是人们对他说:

This article has the definition of the judge of the Court of Injustices (Madhalim) and the basis for the Judiciary of Injustices (Madhalim) is what was narrated from the Prophet (phuh) when he described any act carried out by the ruler on other than the truth while ruling over the subjects as being an injustice (Madhlamah). Anas reported: Prices soared during the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) so they said to him:

. إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْخَالِقُ الْقَابِضُ الْبَاسِطُ الرَّازِقُ الْمُسَعِّرُ، وَإِنِّي لأَرْجُو أَنْ أَلْقَى « » اللَّه وَلا يَطْلُ بُنِي أَحَدٌ بِمَظْلِمَةٍ ظَلَمْ تُ هَا إِيَّاهُ فِي دَمٍ وَلا مَالٍ “.

. إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْخَالِقُ الْقَابِضُ الْبَاسِطُ الرَّازِقُ الْمُسَعِّرُ، وَإِنِّي لأَرْجُو أَنْ أَلْقَى « » اللَّه وَلا يَطْلُ بُنِي أَحَدٌ بِمَظْلِمَةٍ ظَلَمْ تُ هَا إِيَّاهُ فِي دَمٍ وَلا مَالٍ “.

“主的使者啊！请为我们定价！”他说：“真的，安拉是创造者、制约者、扩展财富者、供给者，也是定价者。我希望我见到安拉时，你们中没有任何人因我所造成的不义（涉及血或财产）而向我索求补偿。”（艾哈迈德记载）因此，他将定价视为一种不义（Madhlamah），因为如果他这样做，就等于做了他无权去做的事。同样，他也将那些关乎公共权利、由国家为民众组织的事务视为不义之事（Madhalim），例如轮流用公共水源灌溉农田。主的使者ﷺ曾审理阿勒-祖拜尔·本·阿瓦姆（愿安拉喜悦他）与一名盖卜拉人之间发生的灌溉纠纷。他亲自在场见证，并对阿勒-祖拜尔（愿安拉喜悦他）说：

‘O Messenger of Allah! Set prices for us! He said 'Truly, Allah is the Creator, the Restrainer, the Extender of wealth, the Provider, and the Pricer. And I am hopeful that I will meet Allah and none of you are seeking (recompense from) me for an injustice (I inflicted) involving blood or wealth.” (reported by Ahmad). So he considered price fixing as an injustice (Madhlamah), because if he had done it he would have done something that he had no right to do. In the same manner, he also made the issues that affect the public rights which the State organises for the people as part of the injustices (Madhalim), such as the irrigation of farming lands by common water by taking turns. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) looked into the dispute over irrigation that took place between Al-Zubayr Bin Al- ‘Awwam (ra) and a man of the Ansar. He witnessed it personally and said to Al-Zubayr (ra):

.» اسْقِ يَا زُبَ يْ رُ ثُمَّ أَرْسِلِ الْمَاءَ إِلَى جَارِكَ « .

.» اسْقِ يَا زُبَ يْ رُ ثُمَّ أَرْسِلِ الْمَاءَ إِلَى جَارِكَ « .

“哦，祖拜尔！你先灌溉，然后让水流向你的邻居。”（双方一致认可，措辞出自穆斯林圣训集。）因此，任何人遭受的不公（Madhlama），无论是由统治者所为，还是由国家机构或命令所造成，根据这两段圣训可以理解，都应被视为不公（Madhlama）。此事应呈交哈里发裁决，或由代理哈里发的不公审理法庭（Madhalim）法官裁决。

“O Zubayr! water and then let the water flow to your nieghbor” (agreed upon and the wording is from Muslim). Therefore, any injustice (Madhlama) that occurs against any person, whether perpetrated by the ruler, or as a result of the State’s organisations or orders, would be considered as an injustice (Madhlama), as understood from the two narrations. The matter would be referred to the Khalifah to rule upon it or whoever deputises for the Khalifah from the judges of the Court of Injustices (Madhalim).