第93条 - 《哈里发国草案宪法》 | Quran Course

第93条 - 《哈里发国草案宪法》 | Quran Course

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第93条

Article 93

by Sheikh Taqiuddin An-Nabahani2 min readViewed 143 times

每个人都有权指定他所希望的任何人，作为自己在诉讼和辩护事务中的代理人（Wakeel），无论代理人是穆斯林还是非穆斯林，是男性还是女性。在这一问题上，委托人与代理人之间没有任何区别。允许根据与委托人约定的条件，有偿委任代理人。

Every person has the right to appoint whomsoever he wishes as a proxy (Wakeel) for oneself in the disputes and defence, irrespective of whether he is Muslim or not, male or female. There is no distinction in this matter between the commissioner and the proxy. The proxy is permitted to be appointed for a fee according to the terms agreed upon with the commissioner.

本文阐述了争讼中委托代理的许可，其依据与授予代理的依据相同，因为该依据具有普遍性，涵盖各种类型的代理。代理有圣训为证：艾布·达伍德以其完整的传述链记载，哲比尔·本·阿卜杜拉说：

This article explains the permission of proxy in disputes, and its evidence is the evidence for the granting of proxy, since it is general and encompasses every type of proxy. Proxy is confirmed by the Sunnah; it is narrated by Abu Dawud with its chain of narration that Jaber Bin Abdullah said:

. فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَقُ لْتُ لَهُ: أَرَدْتُ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى خَيْبَ رَ، فَأَتَ يْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ « إِنِّي أَرَدْتُ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى خَ يْ بَ رَ، فَ قَالَ: إِذَا أَتَ يْتَ وَكِيلِي فَخُذْ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ وَسْقًا، » فَإِنِ ابْ تَ غَى مِنْكَ آيَةً فَضَعْ يَدَ كَ عَلَى تَ رْقُ وَتِهِ .

. فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَقُ لْتُ لَهُ: أَرَدْتُ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى خَيْبَ رَ، فَأَتَ يْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ « إِنِّي أَرَدْتُ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى خَ يْ بَ رَ، فَ قَالَ: إِذَا أَتَ يْتَ وَكِيلِي فَخُذْ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ وَسْقًا، » فَإِنِ ابْ تَ غَى مِنْكَ آيَةً فَضَعْ يَدَ كَ عَلَى تَ رْقُ وَتِهِ .

允许为代理人设定报酬，因为这是一种允许的雇佣形式。雇佣是一般性的概念，涵盖所有事务，包括代理。雇佣的定义是以服务换取报酬的合同，这适用于代理这项服务，因此该定义也适用于代理。所以，如果代理的委任是有偿的，那么代理人有权按照双方同意的条款从委托人处获得报酬。然而，代理人要获得报酬，必须订立并双方同意一份雇佣合同，因为委任代理本身是一份不必然包含报酬的合同，只有双方在合同中约定的报酬才会产生报酬的权利。因此，必须在委任代理的合同之外，另有对代理人的雇佣合同。委任代理和收取报酬两者都是无条件允许的，无论此人是否以此为职业谋生。基于此，今天被称为律师和大律师的工作，就其收取报酬而言是有效的；但是，他们向异教的法律寻求裁决、借以分辨真假，则是不允许的。真理就是伊斯兰所确认为真理的，虚假就是伊斯兰所判定为虚假的，与此不同的任何东西都没有价值，即便异教的法律确认了它。

It is permitted for the proxy to be appointed for a fee, since it is a permitted type of employment, as employment is general and encompasses every issue including deputising. Because the definition of employment is a contract upon an exchange of a service for compensation and this applies to the service of proxy and so the definition applies to it. So if the appointment of proxy is done for a fee, then the proxy is entitled to the fee from the commissioner according to the terms that they are both content with. However, it is imperative that a contract of employment is put into effect and that both of them agree upon it in order for him to be entitled to the fee, because the appointment of proxy itself is a contract which does not necessitate any fee, but an agreed fee upon the contract is what would necessitate it. Accordingly, it is imperative that there is a contract of employment upon the proxy along with the contract of appointing the proxy. Both appointment of proxy and taking fee are permitted without restriction, irrespective of whether the person takes it as a profession with which he makes his living out of or not, and due to this the work of what is known today as lawyers and barristers is considered valid in terms of being valid to take a fee for it, but their seeking judgement from Kufr laws to confirm the truth from the falsehood is what is not permitted. Rather the truth is what Islam confirmed as the truth, and the falsehood is what it made false, and there is no value for what is different from that even if the rules of Kufr confirmed it.