政治手段在外交政策中是必要的，而这些手段是否有效，取决于隐藏自己的目标，同时公开自己的行动。

Political manoeuvres are necessary in foreign policy, and the effectiveness of these manoeuvres is dependent on concealing (your) aims and disclosing (your) acts.

本条属于伊玛目凭其意见和伊杰提哈德所留给的许可事项范围。所谓政治策略,是指国家所采取的行动,其目的不同于该行动表面所显示的目标。先知曾运用这类策略,例如他在希吉来历第一年末和第二年初所发动的远征。这些远征表面上的目标是先知想要攻打古莱什人,但其背后的实际目的是震慑古莱什人,并使其他阿拉伯部落在他与古莱什人之间的冲突中保持中立。证据在于,这些远征的规模很小,人数为六十人、两百人或三百人,不足以与古莱什人作战,而他在任何一次远征中都未与古莱什人交战。这些远征的全部结果,只是他与一些阿拉伯部落缔结了条约,例如他与达姆拉结盟,并与穆德莱季部落建立友好关系。另一个例子是希吉来历第六年他前往麦加,意图履行朝觐,并宣布在他与古莱什人之间存在战争状态的情况下前往,而当时天房处于古莱什人的管辖之下。此次行程的意图是与古莱什人达成停战协议,以便处理海巴尔事务,因为他得知海巴尔与古莱什人正在谈判,商定共同进攻麦地那。证明这是政治策略的证据在于,他在达成条约后便欣然返回,未完成朝觐,而在返回后两周便进攻并处理了海巴尔。以上所述皆属政治策略。 这些计谋的力量，在于所采取的行动：计谋表面上是公开可见的，而其真实目的却是隐藏的。因此，它的效果取决于行动的显著程度与目的的隐藏程度。

This Article is from the permitted issues left to the opinion and Ijtihad of the Imam, and the political manoeuvres are the actions which are undertaken by the State which are intended for goals other than the goals which are apparent from the action undertaken. The Prophet used to carry out these manoeuvres, such as the expeditions which he carried out at the end of the first and beginning of the second year Hijri, as the apparent goal of these expeditions was that the Messenger (pbuh) wanted to attack the Quraysh, but the reality behind them was to intimidate the Quraysh and make the other Arab tribes take a neutral position regarding the conflict between him and the Quraysh. The evidence for that is that these expeditions were small in number - sixty, or two hundred, or three hundred - which is not large enough to fight the Quraysh, and he did not fight the Quraysh in any of them. All that resulted from them was that he concluded treaties with some of the Arab tribes, such as his alliance with Damra and concluding friendly relations with Bani Mudlej. Another example is his trip to Makkah in the sixth Hijri year intending to perform the pilgrimage, and his announcing that while there was a state of war between him and the Quraysh under whose authority the Ka’bah was at that time. The intention of that journey was to arrive at an armistice treaty with the Quraysh in order to deal with Khaybar, since it had reached him that Khaybar and the Quraysh were negotiating an agreement to attack Madinah. The evidence for this being a political manoeuvre is that he was pleased to return without having completed the pilgrimage once he had achieved the treaty, and he then attacked and dealt with Khaybar two weeks after his return. All of these are political manoeuvres. The power of these manoeuvres are the actions which are undertaken, such as that the manoeuvre is announced and apparent, but the goals of it are hidden, and so its effectiveness is dependent upon the prominence of the action and the concealment of the goals.