国家为所有人提供免费的医疗保健，但这并不禁止使用私人医疗服务，也不禁止药品的销售。

The State provides free health care for all, but it does not prevent the use of private medical care or the sale of medicine.

医疗保健属于人们不可或缺的利益和需要，因此被视为必需品之一。先知ﷺ曾命令人们接受治疗。

Healthcare is part of the interests and utilities which the people cannot do without and so it is considered to be from the essentials. The Messenger (pbuh) ordered people to take treatment:

. جَاءَ أَعْرَابِ ي فَ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَنَ تَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: نَ عَمْ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ ي نُْزِلْ دَاءً « » إِلاَّ أَنْ زَلَ لَهُ شِفَاءً، عَلِمَهُ مَنْ عَلِمَهُ وَجَهِلَهُ مَنْ جَهِلَه .

. جَاءَ أَعْرَابِ ي فَ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَنَ تَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: نَ عَمْ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ ي نُْزِلْ دَاءً « » إِلاَّ أَنْ زَلَ لَهُ شِفَاءً، عَلِمَهُ مَنْ عَلِمَهُ وَجَهِلَهُ مَنْ جَهِلَه .

一位游牧的阿拉伯人前来问道：“真主的使者啊，我是否应当接受医疗治疗？”先知ﷺ回答说：“你们应当接受医疗治疗，因为真主没有降下任何疾病而不同时为它设定药方。懂得它的人知道它，不懂得它的人则不知道。”（艾哈迈德从欧萨马·本·舍里克处转述）。在塔巴拉尼的《大圣训集》中，又有另一个版本，由欧萨马·本·舍里克转述：

“A Bedouin came and said: O Messenger of Allah (pbuh), should I make use of medical treatment? He replied: Make use of medical treatment, for Allah (swt) has not made a disease without appointing a remedy for it, the one who knows it knows it and the one who is ignorant of it is ignorant of it” (reported by Ahmad from Usama Bin Shareek). And in another version from Al- Tabarani in Al-Mu’jam Al-Kabir, reported from Usamam b. Sharik:

. فَأَتَاهُ نَاسٌ مِنَ الأَعْرَابِ فَسَأَلُوهُ، فَ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ ،كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ « .» اللَّهِ، أَنَ تَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: نَ عَمْ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَمْ ي نُْزِلْ دَاءً إِلا أَنْ زَلَ لَهُ شِفَاء .

. فَأَتَاهُ نَاسٌ مِنَ الأَعْرَابِ فَسَأَلُوهُ، فَ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ ،كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ « .» اللَّهِ، أَنَ تَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: نَ عَمْ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَمْ ي نُْزِلْ دَاءً إِلا أَنْ زَلَ لَهُ شِفَاء .

“我们与安拉的使者ﷺ同在时，有一些贝都因阿拉伯人前来。他们问道：安拉的使者ﷺ，我们是否应当使用医疗？他回答说：你们应当使用医疗，因为安拉没有创造一种疾病而不同时为它安排一种医治之法。”另见于提尔米兹圣训集，由乌萨马·本·沙利克传述，其措辞为：

“We were with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), when some desert Arabs came. They asked: Messenger of Allah (pbuh), should we make use of medical treatment? He replied: Make use of medical treatment, for Allah (swt) has not made a disease without appointing a remedy for it.”. And in Al-Tirmidhi also from Usamah b. Sahrik with the wording:

. قَالَتْ الأَعْرَابُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَلا نَ تَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: ن عََمْ، يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ تَدَاوَوْا، « فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَضَعْ دَاءً إِلا وَضَعَ لَهُ شِفَاءً، أَوْ قَالَ دَوَاءً إِلا دَاءً وَاحِدًا، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ » اللَّهِ، وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: ا لْهَرَم .

. قَالَتْ الأَعْرَابُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَلا نَ تَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: ن عََمْ، يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ تَدَاوَوْا، « فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَضَعْ دَاءً إِلا وَضَعَ لَهُ شِفَاءً، أَوْ قَالَ دَوَاءً إِلا دَاءً وَاحِدًا، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ » اللَّهِ، وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: ا لْهَرَم .

有一些贝都因人问道："安拉的使者啊，我们是否应当为病人医治？"他说："是的，安拉的仆人们啊！你们当使用药物，因为安拉没有降下一种疾病而不同时降下它的医治"——或者说"一种药"——"唯独有一种疾病除外。"他们说："安拉的使者啊，那是什么病？"他说："衰老。"这段圣训，提尔米兹圣训集的作者说它是"哈桑萨希赫"（良好且可靠）。 Al226 Haram（衰老）是生命的终点，通常之后便是死亡。

“Some Bedouins asked: 'O Messenger of Allah (pbuh) (s.a.w) shall we treat (our ill)?' He said: 'Yes, O worshipers of Allah (swt)! Use remedies. For indeed Allah (swt) did not make a disease but He made a cure for it' - or - 'a remedy. Except for one disease.' They said: 'O Messenger of Allah (pbuh) (s.a.w)! What is it?' He said: 'Old age.'”, and Al-Tirmidhi said this narration is Hasan Sahih. Al226 Haram (Elderliness) is the end of life, which is usually followed by death.

这说明寻求医治是被允许的。通过医治，可以获得益处、避免损害，因此它被视为一种公益（maslaha）。此外，诊所和医院是穆斯林为寻求医治和康复而使用的一种公共设施（marafiq），因此医疗保健属于利益和设施的范畴。国家有义务提供这些利益和设施，因为依据先知ﷺ的话语，这是国家在实际治理中必须负责的事务，先知ﷺ说：

This indicates the permissibility of seeking treatment. Through treatment, benefit is gained and harm is prevented, so it is considered to be an interest, and on top of that the clinics and hospitals are a utility which the Muslims use for the sake of seeking treatment and cure, and so healthcare is, therefore, part of the benefits and utilities. The State is obliged to provide the benefits and utilities, because it is part of what the State must practically manage due to the words of the Messenger (pbuh) :

.» الإِمَامُ رَاعٍ وَهُوَ وَمَسْؤُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ «.

.» الإِمَامُ رَاعٍ وَهُوَ وَمَسْؤُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ «.

“伊玛目是牧人，他对自己的臣民负有责任”（由布哈里从阿卜杜拉·本·欧麦尔（SWT）处传述）。这属于监护之责的范畴，因此，国家有义务确保这一责任落实到民众身上。以下是相关的证据：

“The Imam is a guardian and he is responsible for his subjects” (reported by Al-Bukhari from ‘Abd Allah (swt) Bin Umar). This is from the responsibilities of guardianship and for that reason it is obligatory upon the State to ensure it is provided to the people. From the evidences for that:

穆斯林从杰比尔处传述，他说：

Muslim reported from Jabir who said:

.» إِلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ طَبِيبًا، فَ قَطَعَ مِنْهُ عِرْقًا ثُمَّ كَوَاهُ عَلَيْهِ بَ عَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ «.

.» إِلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ طَبِيبًا، فَ قَطَعَ مِنْهُ عِرْقًا ثُمَّ كَوَاهُ عَلَيْهِ بَ عَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ «.

安拉的使者ﷺ派遣了一位医生去见欧拜伊·本·凯尔布。他切开了血管，然后进行了烧灼。

“The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sent a physician to Ubayy b. Ka'b. He cut the vein and then cauterised it”.

Al-Hakim 在《Al-Mustadrak》中，借 Zayd b. Aslam 转述其父的话说："我在欧麦尔·本·黑塔卜在位时病得很重，于是欧麦尔为我请来一位医生，医生让我发热出汗，热到我因为灼热而吮吸枣核。"基于此，国家有义务免费提供药物和医疗设施，因为从利益和无偿受益的角度看，这属于天课库（Bayt Al-Mal）所承担的开支，因此国家必须免费提供一切医疗服务。这就是医疗保健属于国家应当免费向民众提供之事务的证据。

Al-Hakim narrated in Al-Mustadrak from Zayd b. Aslam from his father who said: “I fell severely ill at the time of Omar Bin Al-Khattab, and so Omar called a physician for me, and so he warmed me up to the point I would suck on date pits due to the intense heat.” Based upon this, it is obligatory upon the State to provide free medication and medical facilities, since it is part of the expenditures obligated upon the Bayt Al-Mal from the angle of being an interest and utility without recompense, and accordingly the State must provide all the health services without cost. This is the evidence that healthcare is part of what the State is obliged to provide to the people for free.

关于聘请医生并向其支付报酬是被允许的，这是因为寻求治疗是被允许的（Mubah）；正如前面所提到的，先知说：

As for the permissibility of hiring a doctor, and paying him a fee, this is because seeking treatment is permitted (Mubah); as mentioned previously the Prophet said:

.» يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ تَدَاوَوْا «.

.» يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ تَدَاوَوْا «.

“O 安拉的仆人们，你们要寻求医治（O Slaves of Allah (swt) seek treatment）”，既然医治是付费者可以获得的一种服务，因此雇佣的定义也适用于它，而且关于它并没有传述任何禁止性的经文。更进一步，有传述来自安behave 阿奈斯（Anas）的记载：

“O Slaves of Allah (swt) seek treatment”, and since treatment is a service that the one paying for can achieve, therefore, the definition of hiring is applicable to it, and there has been no prohibition narrated regarding it. Above that, it is reported from Anas:

. حَجَمَهُ أَبُو طَيْبَةَ، وَأَعْطَاهُ صَاعَيِْ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَكَلَّمَ مَوَالِيَهُ احْتَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ « » فَخَفَّفُوا عَنْه .

. حَجَمَهُ أَبُو طَيْبَةَ، وَأَعْطَاهُ صَاعَيِْ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَكَلَّمَ مَوَالِيَهُ احْتَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ « » فَخَفَّفُوا عَنْه .

“安拉的使者ﷺ曾由阿卜杜·塔伊巴为其拔罐，他给了阿卜杜·塔伊巴两萨ⁱ食物，并为他向其主人说情，于是主人减少了他们每日向他征收的数额。”（布哈里从艾奈斯处转述）其中所说的“主人”指的是他的所有者，因为他为一群人所拥有，穆斯林圣训实录中的记载对此有所说明。伊本·阿拔斯转述道：

“Allah (swt)'s Prophet was cupped by `Abd Taiba, to whom he gave two Sa of food and interceded for him with his masters who consequently reduced what they used to charge him daily.” (reported by Al-Bukhari from Anas), and what is intended by master was his owners since he was owned by a group, as indicated by the report in Muslim. It is reported by Ibn ‘Abbas:

. » وَأَعْطَى الحَْجَّامَ أُجْرَةً، وَلَوْ كَانَ سُحْتاً لََْ يعُْطِهِ احْتَجَمَ النَّ بِ «.

. » وَأَعْطَى الحَْجَّامَ أُجْرَةً، وَلَوْ كَانَ سُحْتاً لََْ يعُْطِهِ احْتَجَمَ النَّ بِ «.

“先知ﷺ曾接受拔罐（放血疗法）治疗，并向为他拔罐的人支付了报酬。如果这是非法的，他就不会支付。”（艾哈迈德以此措辞记载，穆斯林和布哈里则以另一种措辞记载。）当时，拔罐（放血疗法）是人们用来养生保健的治疗方法之一，这表明为此支付费用是被允许的。与之类似，医生的诊费以及药品的出售也是如此，因为这些都是被允许的事情，属于安拉（SWT）的经文所涵盖的范围。

“The Prophet was cupped and he paid the wages to the one who had cupped him If it had been haraam, he would not have paid it.” (reported by Ahmad with this wording, and by Muslim and Al-Bukhari with a different wording). In those days Hijamah was part of the treatments that people would care for their health with, which indicates that to pay a fee for it is permitted. And similar to the fee for a doctor, is the selling of medicines since it is something permitted encompassed by the words of Allah (swt):

“且真主（SWT）允许贸易”（《古兰经》2:275），并且没有任何经文记载禁止它。

“And Allah (swt) has permitted trade” (TMQ 2:275), and there is no text narrated to forbid it.