第157条
Article 157
国家致力于使财富在民众之间流通,并防止财富仅在社会的某一特定阶层中流转。
The State works to circulate the wealth amongst the subjects, and prevents it from circulating solely amongst a particular sector of society.
证据是《古兰经·放逐》章中的经文,即安拉(SWT)的话:
The evidence is the verse from Surah Al-Hashr, the words of Allah (swt):
“以便财富不在你们中的富人之间永远流转”(古兰经 59:7),由此经文给出了illah(法理依据),说明为何Bani Al-Nadeer的战利品被分给了迁士(Muhajirin),而不是分给麦地那的辅士(Ansar)。尽管他们都是穆斯林,但除了两位贫穷的人,即Abu Dajanah和Sahl b. Hanif,辅士中没有任何人得到什么。所给出的理由是,财富不应只在富人之间流转。这是一个shari'ah illah,它随其成因的存在与缺失而存在与缺失。因此,任何时候只要存在贫富悬殊,哈里发就必须通过落实这节经文来努力实现平衡,因为从一个角度看,其illah依然存在;而且,尽管经文的起因是特定的,但其措辞是一般性的。伊斯兰法的原则是:
“So that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you.” (TMQ 59:7), and so this gave the reason (Illah) as to why the booty from Bani Al-Nadeer was given to the emigrants rather than to the supporters (Ansar) from Madinah, even though they were all Muslims, and no one from the Ansar apart from two poor men, Abu Dajanah and Sahl b. Hanif, were given anything. The reason given was in order that the wealth did not circulate amongst the rich alone, and this is a Shari’ah Illah which is present and absent according to the presence and absence of its cause. Accordingly, any time that a disparity is present, the Khalifah must work to achieve balance by putting this verse into practice, because from one angle it has an Illah present, and also because its words are general even though the reason for the verse was specific, and the Shari’ah principle is:
. )العبرة بعموم اللفظ لا بخصوص السبب( .
. )العبرة بعموم اللفظ لا بخصوص السبب( .
“以经文用词的一般性为准,而非其所针对的具体原因为准”,因此它适用于一切时代。
“the consideration is given to the generality of the words and not to the specificity of the cause”, and so it is applicable at all times.