代表穆斯林向哈里发陈述意见的人员是乌玛议会,代表各省民众的人员则是省议会。为了反映针对统治者的任何压迫行为或对伊斯兰律法的误用,允许非穆斯林成为舒拉议会的成员。

The individuals who represent the Muslims’ views to the Khalifah are the Ummah Council, and the individuals who represent the people in the provinces are the Provincial Councils. It is permitted for non-Muslims to be members in the Shura council for the sake of raising any complaints against any oppression by the rulers or misapplication of the laws of Islam.

这是一个由代表穆斯林大众意见的个人组成的议会,哈里发可以就各种问题向其咨询、征求意见。他们又是乌玛的代表,在追究统治者责任方面代表乌玛。这一点可从先知ﷺ与部分安萨尔和迁士中代表其族人的人进行协商中推导出来。也可从先知ﷺ指派其部分门徒进行协商(舒拉)中推导出来。他ﷺ征求意见时,比起其他人更常求助于其中一些人,例如艾布·伯克尔(愿安拉喜悦他)、欧麦尔(愿安拉喜悦他)、哈姆扎(愿安拉喜悦他)、阿里(愿安拉喜悦他)、赛勒曼·法尔西(愿安拉喜悦他)、胡宰法(愿安拉喜悦他)……

This is a Council formed by individuals representing the opinion of the Muslims at large, to which the Khalifah can refer to, in order to consult on various issues. They in turn are the representatives of the Ummah in holding the rulers accountable. This is deduced from the Messenger of Allah (pbuh)’s consultation with some men from the Ansar and the emigrants who represented their people. It is also derived from the Messenger’s assigning some of his companions for consultation (Shura). He used to refer to them more than others for seeking opinion, such as Abu Bakr (ra), Umar (ra), Hamza (ra), ‘Ali (ra), Salman Al- Farisi (ra), Hudhayfah (ra)….