第四十三条
Article 43
助手的条件与哈里发的条件相同；也就是说，须为男性、自由人、穆斯林、成年人、神志清醒、公正；并且他属于在所委托事务上具备能力之人。
The conditions for the assistant are the same as the conditions for the Khalifah; in other words, to be male, free, Muslim, adult, sane, just; and he is from the people of the capability in whatever actions were delegated to him.
这里的证据就是关于哈里发的证据，因此，根据先知（ﷺ）的话，哈里发必须是男性，这是义务性的。
The evidence here is the evidence for the Khalifah, so it is obligatory for him to be a male due to words of the Prophet (phuh).
. » لَنْ ي فُْلِحَ قَ وْمٌ وَلَّوْا أَمْرَهُمُ امْرَأَة «.
. » لَنْ ي فُْلِحَ قَ وْمٌ وَلَّوْا أَمْرَهُمُ امْرَأَة «.
“绝不会成功的民族，是让女人做他们统治者的民族。”（布哈里从艾布·伯克拉处转述）。他必须是穆斯林，因为这是他的话语。
“Never will succeed such a nation that makes a woman their ruler.” (reported by Al-Bukhari from Abu Bakrah). He must be a Muslim due to His words.
“{永远不会让不信道者胜过信道者的道路}”（TMQ 4:141）；因此，非穆斯林担任穆斯林的统治者是被禁止的，因为统治是对穆斯林最大的一种“道路”。
“And never will Allah give the disbelievers over the believers a way [to overcome them].” (TMQ 4:141); therefore, it is forbidden for a non-Muslim to be a ruler over the Muslims, since ruling is the greatest way over the Muslims.
他应当获得自由，因为奴隶对自身的事务没有支配权，因此他也无法承担对他人事务的管理。
He is to be free since the slave does not have control over his own issues and so he cannot undertake the control of other peoples’ affairs.
他应当是成年人，因为先知（愿主赐他平安）的话：
He should be an adult, due to the words of the Messenger (pbuh).
. أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ عَنْ النَّائِمِ « » حَتَّى يَسْتَ يْقِظَ وَعَنْ الصَّغِيرِ حَتَّى يَكْبَ رَ وَعَنْ الْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يَ عْقِلَ أَوْ يُفِيقَ .
. أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ عَنْ النَّائِمِ « » حَتَّى يَسْتَ يْقِظَ وَعَنْ الصَّغِيرِ حَتَّى يَكْبَ رَ وَعَنْ الْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يَ عْقِلَ أَوْ يُفِيقَ .
安拉的使者ﷺ说:“笔已从三种人身上被提起(他们的行为不被记录):从睡眠者直到他醒来,从未成年人直到他长大,从精神错乱者直到他恢复理智。”这段圣训还有另一个传述。
“The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “The Pen has been lifted from three (their actions are not recorded) : from the sleeping person until he awakens, from the minor until he grows up, and from the insane person until he comes to his senses.” and in a narration.
. » وَعَنْ الْمُبْتَ لَى حَتَّى يَ بْ رَ أَ « .
. » وَعَنْ الْمُبْتَ لَى حَتَّى يَ بْ رَ أَ « .
“直到病人康复”（伊本·马哲和哈基姆从阿伊莎处传述，文字依据伊本·马哲的版本）。提尔米兹和伊本·胡载玛也从阿里处传述了同样的内容。笔被提起的含义之一是：他在自身事务上的行为无效，因此他也不能有效地处理他人的事务。此外，还有艾布·欧盖勒·祖赫拉·本·马尔阿德的传述，出自其父阿卜杜拉·本·希沙姆，当时他还是孩童，其母宰奈卜·宾特·胡迈德带他去见安拉的使者ﷺ，说道：“安拉的使者啊，请接受他的效忠。”他回答道：
“and from the afflicted person until he recovers” (reported by Ibn Maja and Al-Hakim from ’Aishah, and the wording is from Ibn Maja). Al-Tirmidhi and Ibn Khuzaima reported the same from Ali. From the raising of the pen is that his actions in his own affairs are not valid, and so it is not valid for him to act in the affairs of others. In addition, the narration of Abu ’Uqayl Zuhra Bin Ma’bad from his father ’Abd Allah b. Hisham who was at the time of the Prophet (phuh) when his mother Zaynab Bin Humayd took him to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and said: O Messenger of Allah, take Bay’a from him. He replied.
. » هُوَ صَغِيرٌ، فَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ وَدَعَا لَه « .
. » هُوَ صَغِيرٌ، فَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ وَدَعَا لَه « .
“他还是个小孩子”，他（的手）抚摸他的头，并为他向真主祈祷。这段圣训由布哈里记载。因此，只要孩子不被允许宣誓效忠（Bay'a），那么按照更强的推理，他也不能接受（效忠）。
“He is a little child, and he passed his hand over his head and invoked Allah for him.” as reported in Al-Bukhari. So as long as the child is not permitted to give the Bay’a, then by greater reasoning, he cannot accept it.
至于理智健全，这是由刚才提到的那段圣训所证明的。
As for being sane, this is due to the narration just mentioned.
. »... رفع القلم عن ثلاثة «.
. »... رفع القلم عن ثلاثة «.
“笔从三种人身上被提起（他们的行为不被记录）”，直到提及为止。
“The pen is lifted from three (their actions are not recorded)” until it was mentioned.
. » وَعَنْ الْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يَ عْقِلَ أَوْ يُفِيقَ « .
. » وَعَنْ الْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يَ عْقِلَ أَوْ يُفِيقَ « .
“以及精神错乱者，直到他恢复理智”，并且在一段传述中如此。
“and from the insane person until he comes to his senses” and in a report.
. » وَعَنْ الْمُبْتَ لَى حَتَّى يَ بْ رَ أَ « .
. » وَعَنْ الْمُبْتَ لَى حَتَّى يَ بْ رَ أَ « .
“以及从受困扰之人直至其康复”。从“笔被提起”的范畴来看，他（指受困扰之人）在自身事务上的行为是无效的，因此他代他人行事也是不被允许的。他应当公正，因为真主（SWT）将其作为见证的条件，祂说：“你们当从你们中选取两个公正的人作见证。”（TMQ 65:2）。因此，以更强的推理，公正也是辅助者的条件。
“and from the afflicted person till he recovers”. From the raising of the pen is that his actions in his own affairs are not valid and so it is not valid for him to act in the affairs of others. He should be just, since Allah (swt) made it a condition for the witnessing, saying. “And take for witness two persons from among you.” (TMQ 65:2), and so it is a condition for the assistant by greater reasoning.
It is a condition for the assistant to be from the people of sufficiency in the actions of ruling since that is necessitated from undertaking ruling, since the one who was not capable would not be able to carry it out. And also due to the evidence mentioned, including: Muslim reported through Abu Dharr: . قُ لْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَلاَ تَسْ تَ عْمِلُنِي؟ قَالَ: فَضَرَبَ بِيَدِه عَلَى مَنْكِبِي ثُمَّ « قَالَ: يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ، إِنَّكَ ضَعِيفٌ، وَإِن هََّا أَمَانَةُ، وَإِن هََّا يَ وْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ خِزْيٌ وَنَدَامَةٌ، إِلاَّ مَنْ » أَخَذَهَا بِحَقِّهَا وَأَدَّى الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا .
It is a condition for the assistant to be from the people of sufficiency in the actions of ruling since that is necessitated from undertaking ruling, since the one who was not capable would not be able to carry it out. And also due to the evidence mentioned, including: Muslim reported through Abu Dharr: . قُ لْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَلاَ تَسْ تَ عْمِلُنِي؟ قَالَ: فَضَرَبَ بِيَدِه عَلَى مَنْكِبِي ثُمَّ « قَالَ: يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ، إِنَّكَ ضَعِيفٌ، وَإِن هََّا أَمَانَةُ، وَإِن هََّا يَ وْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ خِزْيٌ وَنَدَامَةٌ، إِلاَّ مَنْ » أَخَذَهَا بِحَقِّهَا وَأَدَّى الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا .
“我说:‘安拉的使者啊,您不任用我吗?’他拍了拍我的肩膀,然后说:‘阿布·载尔,你很软弱,而这是一项托付(Amanah),在审判日,它将成为耻辱和懊悔,除非是那些按照其应有的权利去承担并正确履行其职责的人。’安拉的使者ﷺ认为,如果没有按照应有的权利去承担,换句话说,如果此人不适合担任此职,那将成为耻辱和懊悔,这表明了此命令的坚决性。”
“I said: O Messenger of Allah, will you not use me? He placed his hand upon my shoulder and then said O Abu Dharr, you are weak, and it is an Amanah (trust), and on the Day of Judgement, it will be a disgrace and a regret except (for those) who take it by its right and perform its duties correctly”. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) considered taking it without its right, in other words, if the person was not suitable for it, would be a disgrace and regret, which is an indication upon the decisiveness of the order.