政治就是处理乌玛内外事务。这项工作由国家和乌玛共同承担。国家通过政府在实践中承担这一职责，而乌玛则对国家履行此职责进行监督和问责。

Politics is taking care of the affairs of the Ummah domestically and internationally. It is performed by the State and the Ummah. The State takes on this task practically through government, and the Ummah accounts the State upon it.

本文给出的是政治的定义,这一定义被所有人接受,因为它刻画了政治作为其本来面目的现实。因此它类似于心智、真理、权威等概念的定义,这些含义具有对所有人而言唯一的实在,人们对其不存在分歧,因为它是可感知的实在;他们所分歧的只是其规则。此外,政治一词的语言学含义(Saasa、Yasuso、Siyasah)是管理事务;《穆希特词典》中提到:“我管理了民众(siyasatan),即我命令他们,也禁止他们”,这就是通过命令与禁令来管理事务。另外,还有关于统治者的行为、统治者的问责以及对穆斯林事务之关切的圣训,政治的定义也是从所有这些中推导出来的;例如先知ﷺ在一段公认的圣训中所说的话,此处的措辞取自布哈里所载马格里·本·雅萨尔的传述:“凡真主委任某人统治一群臣民,而他不以忠诚之心护佑他们,他必不得闻天堂的芬芳。”

This article is the definition of politics and this is a general definition held by everyone since it characterises the reality of politics as what it actually is. So it is similar to the definition of the mind, the definition of the truth, the definition of authority and other definitions from the meanings which have a single reality for all people which they do not differ over since it is a perceptible reality, and so rather they only differ over its rules. In addition to that, the linguistic meaning of politics (Saasa, Yasuso, Siyasah) is governing of the affairs; it is mentioned in the Al-Muhit dictionary: “I governed the citizens siyasatan – meaning I commanded them and I forbade them”, and this is the governing of affairs through commandments and prohibitions. Additionally there are narrations related regarding the actions of the ruler, accounting the ruler and concern for the Muslim affairs, and the definition has been derived from all of these; so the words of the Prophet in an agreed upon narration, the wording here from Al-Bukhari from Ma’qal b. Yasar: .» مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ يَسْتَ رْعِيهِ اللهُ رَعِيَّةً فَ لَمْ يُحِطْهَا بِنُصْحِهِ إِلاَّ لِمْ يَجِدْ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ «.

“任何一个奴仆，安拉让他统治臣民，而他却不真诚地对待他们，安拉（SWT）将使他无法进入乐园。”以及他的话：

“Any slave whom Allah (swt) makes him in charge of subjects and he is not sincer to them, Allah (swt) will make Jannah unlawful for him”, and his words:

. مَا مِنْ وَالٍ يَلِي رَعِيَّةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَ يَمُوتُ وَهُوَ غَاشٌ لَهُمْ إِلاَّ حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ « » الجَّنَّة.

. مَا مِنْ وَالٍ يَلِي رَعِيَّةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَ يَمُوتُ وَهُوَ غَاشٌ لَهُمْ إِلاَّ حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ « » الجَّنَّة.

“如果任何拥有统治穆斯林臣民之权力的统治者，在欺骗他们的情况下死去，安拉（SWT）将为他禁止天堂。”以及他的话语：

“If any ruler having the authority to rule Muslim subjects dies while he is deceiving them, Allah (swt) will forbid Paradise for him.”, and his words:

. سَتَكُونُ أُمَرَاءُ فَ تَ عْرِفُونَ وَتُ نْكِرُونَ، فَمَنْ عَرَفَ بَرِئَ، وَمَنْ أَنْكَرَ سَلِمَ، وَلَكِنْ مَنْ « » رَضِيَ وَتَابَعَ، قَالُوا: أَفَلاَ ن قَُاتِلُهُمْ؟ قَالَ: لا مَا صَلَّوْا .

. سَتَكُونُ أُمَرَاءُ فَ تَ عْرِفُونَ وَتُ نْكِرُونَ، فَمَنْ عَرَفَ بَرِئَ، وَمَنْ أَنْكَرَ سَلِمَ، وَلَكِنْ مَنْ « » رَضِيَ وَتَابَعَ، قَالُوا: أَفَلاَ ن قَُاتِلُهُمْ؟ قَالَ: لا مَا صَلَّوْا .

“将会有统治者（Amir，埃米尔），你们会喜欢他们的善行，也会厌恶他们的恶行。凡看清了他们的恶行，并以自己的手或言语去阻止其重复的人，便免于责备；但凡认可他们的恶行并效仿之的人，则在精神上遭受毁灭。”有人问道：“我们难道不应该与他们作战吗？”先知ﷺ回答说：“不要，只要他们还在坚持礼拜。”（穆斯林圣训集，由乌姆·赛莱麦传述），以及他的话语：

“There will be rulers (Amirs) and you will like their good deeds and dislike their bad deeds. One who sees through their bad deeds, and tries to prevent their repetition by his band or through his speech, is absolved from blame. But one who approves of their bad deeds and imitates them is spiritually ruined. People asked (the Holy Prophet): Shouldn't we fight against them? He replied: No, as long as they establish their prayers.” (reported by Muslim from Umm Salamah), and his words:

. وَ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ وَهَمُّهُ غَيْ رُ اللهِ فَ لَيْسَ مِنَ اللهِ فِي شَيْءٍ، وَمَنْ لَمْ ي هَْتَمَّ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ « » فَ لَيْسَ مِنْ هُمْ .

. وَ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ وَهَمُّهُ غَيْ رُ اللهِ فَ لَيْسَ مِنَ اللهِ فِي شَيْءٍ، وَمَنْ لَمْ ي هَْتَمَّ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ « » فَ لَيْسَ مِنْ هُمْ .

“谁早上醒来，所关心的不是安拉（subhanahu wa ta'ala），那他就不是出自安拉的；谁不关心穆斯林的事务，那他就不是穆斯林中的一员。”这段由阿勒-哈基姆在《穆斯塔德拉克》中从伊本·麦斯欧德处转述。另有传述，贾利尔·本·阿卜杜拉（愿安拉喜悦他）说：“我与安拉的使者ﷺ立约：遵守拜功，完纳天课，并且真诚地劝导每一位穆斯林。”

“Whoever wakes up and his concern is other than Allah (swt), then he is not from Allah (swt), and whoever is not concerned with the Muslims then he is not from them” reported by Al-Hakim in Al- Mustadrak from Ibn Mas’ud, and it is reported from Jarir b. ‘Abd Allah (swt) who said: .» عَلَى: إِقَامِ الصَّلاةِ، وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَالنُّصْحِ لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ بَايَ عْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ «.

“我曾向安拉的使者ﷺ宣誓效忠，承诺谨守拜功、完纳天课，并为每一位穆斯林保持真诚与善意。”（《圣训共识》）此段圣训由扎里尔·本·阿卜杜拉（愿安拉喜悦他）传述，他说：

“I gave pledge of allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) on the observance of prayer, payment of Zakah, and sincerity and well-wishing for every Muslim.” (agreed upon), and it is reported from Jarir b. ‘Abd Allah (swt) who said:

. قُ لْتُ: أُبَايِعُكَ عَلَى الإِسْلامِ، فَشَرَطَ عَلَيَّ: وَالنُّصْحِ لِكُلِّ أَتَ يْتُ النَّبِيَّ « » مُسْلِمٍ .

. قُ لْتُ: أُبَايِعُكَ عَلَى الإِسْلامِ، فَشَرَطَ عَلَيَّ: وَالنُّصْحِ لِكُلِّ أَتَ يْتُ النَّبِيَّ « » مُسْلِمٍ .

“我去见先知ﷺ，向他宣誓效忠伊斯兰教，他以对每位穆斯林都给予忠告作为条件。”（由布哈里收录）

“I went to the Prophet and gave him the pledge of allegiance upon Islam, and he made it a condition to give the advice to every Muslim.” (reported by Al-Bukhari).

根据所有这些圣训所推导出的关于政治的定义，无论这些圣训涉及统治者及其执政的职责，还是涉及乌玛及其对统治者的问责，抑或涉及穆斯林之间相互关心彼此的事务并相互劝谏，政治都是管理乌玛的事务。因此，本文所提出的政治定义，是从伊斯兰教法的依据中推导出来的一个教法定义。

The definition of politics deduced from all of these narrations, whether related to the ruler and his undertaking of ruling, or to the Ummah and its accounting of the ruler, or to the relationship of the Muslims with each other in being concerned over their issues and advising each other, is that it is the governing of the affairs of the Ummah, and therefore the definition of politics, which this article mentioned, is a Shari’ah definition deduced from the Shari’ah evidences.