圣战是穆斯林的义务，军事训练也是强制性的。每一位已满15岁的成年穆斯林男性，都有义务接受军事训练，以为圣战做好准备。征召兵员属于足够性义务（fard al-kifaya）。

Jihad is obligatory upon the Muslims and military training is compulsory. Every male Muslim who has reached the age of 15 is obligated to undertake military training in order to prepare him for Jihad. Recruitment is an obligation of sufficiency.

本条的依据来自《古兰经》和圣训。安拉(SWT)说:

The evidence for the article is from the Book and the Sunnah; Allah (swt) says.

“你们应当与他们作战，直到不再有迫害，宗教全归真主。”（古兰经 2:193），他（SWT）说。

“Fight them until there is no [more] fitnah and [until] worship is [acknowledged to be] for Allah.” (TMQ 2:193), and He (swt) said.

"讨伐那些领导不信的人。"（《古兰经》9:12），并且据安斯传述，安拉的使者ﷺ说过。

“Fight the leaders of disbelief.” (TMQ 9:12), and it is narrated from Anas that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said.

. » جَاهِدُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ وَأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ « .

. » جَاهِدُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ وَأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ « .

“你们要以财产、双手和舌头与多神教徒（拜偶像者）作战。”（由艾哈迈德和奈萨仪辑录，文字依奈萨仪的版本；奈萨仪和哈基姆均认定其为圣训，宰哈卜人也予以确认。）穆阿兹·本·哲白勒传述：先知ﷺ说。

“Fight the polytheists ( idol worshippers) with your wealth, hands and tongues” (reported by Ahmad and Al- Nasa’i with the wording from Al-Nasa’i, and both Al- Nasa’i and Al- Hakim authenticated it and Al-Dhahabi confirmed it). And Mu’adh b. Jabal said that the Prophet (phuh) said.

. » ذُرْوَةُ سَنَامِ الإِسْلاَمِ الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ « .

. » ذُرْوَةُ سَنَامِ الإِسْلاَمِ الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ « .

“伊斯兰的顶峰是为主道而进行的圣战”（由艾哈迈德记录）。

“The peak of Islam is Jihad in the cause of Allah” (reported by Ahmad).

当现代战争要求军事训练，才能完成伊斯兰教法所要求的击败敌人、解放土地的任务时，那么这种训练与圣战一样是有义务的，这符合伊斯兰教法的原则。 .（ما لا يتم الواجب إلا به فهو واجب）.

When modern warfare requires military training in order to undertake what is required by the Shari’ah in terms of defeating the enemy and liberating lands, then this training would be obligatory in the same manner that Jihad is, in accordance with the Shari’ah principle. . )ما لا يتم الواجب إلا به فهو واجب( .

“凡是没有它就无法完成的义务，那么它本身也是义务”。这是因为战斗的命令包含了训练，因为它是一条普遍的命令。“你们就与他们作战”，这既是作战的命令，也是使你们有能力作战的任何事情的命令。除此之外，安拉（SWT）说：

“That, without which the obligation cannot be accomplished, is itself an obligation”. This is because the order to fight encompasses training, since it is a general order. “and fight them”, which is an order to fight as well as an order to do whatever makes you capable of fighting. Above and beyond that, Allah (swt) said.

"并为了对付他们，尽你们所能预备力量。"（古兰经 8:60），而训练与专业的军事经验也属于力量的预备，因为它们是使人具备作战能力所必需的。因此，训练也是必须预备的力量的一部分，与军事装备、给养等同理。

“And prepare against them whatever you are able of power.” (TMQ 8:60), and training and expert military experience is preparation of power, since they are required in order to become capable of fighting. Accordingly, training is part of the power that must be prepared in the same way as military equipment, supplies and so on.

至于招募，也就是说，使人成为常备军中的士兵，处于军事备战状态，即培养出实际承担圣战及其各项要求的圣战战士，那么这是一项义务，因为承担圣战是一项持续的义务，无论敌人是否攻击我们都持续有效。因此，招募是一项足够性义务。

As for recruitment, in other words, to make people soldiers in the Army under military preparedness on a permanent basis, which means the creation of Mujahidin who practically undertake the Jihad and its requirements, then this is an obligation since undertaking the Jihad is a constant obligation which continues irrespective of whether the enemy attacks us or not. Accordingly, recruitment is an obligation of sufficiency.

关于圣战（Jihad）是穆斯林的义务，而不是国家其他臣民的义务，原因在于：经文中所规定的圣战，指的是对抗不信道者的战斗，而这种战斗并非由不信道者发起，因此依此含义，圣战不能成为非穆斯林的义务。然而，国家中的非穆斯林臣民可以与穆斯林一同抵抗敌人，这是被允许的，因为古兹曼（Quzman）曾是一名拜偶像者，他在吴侯德之日与先知的同伴们一起与拜偶像者作战，而先知ﷺ并未禁止他这样做。

As for Jihad being an obligation upon the Muslims and not upon the rest of the subjects of the State – this is because the type of Jihad which has been made obligatory in the verses regarding Jihad is the fighting against the disbelievers, and this does not come from the disbelievers, and so ,therefore, according to this meaning the Jihad cannot be obligatory upon the non- Muslims. However, it is permitted for the non-Muslim subjects of the State to fight the enemy alongside the Muslims, since Quzman who was an idol-worshipper went out and fought the idolworshippers alongside the companions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) on the day of Uhud and the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) did not forbid him doing so.

关于这一义务仅落在男子身上而不包括女子，其依据是艾哈迈德和伊本·马哲所记载、经由阿伊莎（愿真主喜悦她）传述的一段圣训。她说：“真主的使者啊，女子也需要参加圣战吗？”他说：

With respect to it being an obligation upon the men and not women – this is due to what is reported from Ahmad and Ibn Maja through 'Aisha (ra) who said: O Messenger of Allah (pbuh) , do women have to do Jihad? He said.

. » نَ عَمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ جِهَادٌ لاَ قِتَالَ فِيهِ: الْحَجُّ وَالْعُمْرَة « .

. » نَ عَمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ جِهَادٌ لاَ قِتَالَ فِيهِ: الْحَجُّ وَالْعُمْرَة « .

“是的，他们必须参与一种不涉及战斗的圣战：朝觐（哈吉）和副朝（欧姆拉）。”

“Yes, they have to take part in Jihad in which no fighting takes place: Hajj and ’Umra”.

And as for limiting it to those fifteen and above, this is due to the narration reported by Al-Bukhari from Nafi’ who said. . عَرَضَهُ يَ وْمَ حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْ هُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ « أُحُدٍ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَ لَمْ يُجِزْنِي، ثُمَّ عَرَضَنِي يَ وْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ وَأَنَا ابْنُ » خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَ أَجَازَنِي .

And as for limiting it to those fifteen and above, this is due to the narration reported by Al-Bukhari from Nafi’ who said. . عَرَضَهُ يَ وْمَ حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْ هُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ « أُحُدٍ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَ لَمْ يُجِزْنِي، ثُمَّ عَرَضَنِي يَ وْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ وَأَنَا ابْنُ » خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَ أَجَازَنِي .

“伊本·欧麦尔告诉我，安拉的使者（愿主福安之）在乌侯德之日召他前来见先知ﷺ，那时他十四岁，先知ﷺ没有允许他参加那场战役；之后在壕沟之日，他十五岁，先知ﷺ便允许他参加。”纳菲尔说：我见到了欧麦尔·本·阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹，那时他已是哈里发，我便向他转述了这段圣训。他说：这就是未成年人与成年人的界限。于是他写信给他的官员，要求凡是达到十五岁的人都须履行义务。换言之，他下令在军队的登记处为他们准备给养。

“Ibn Umar told me that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) called him to present himself in front of the Prophet (phuh) on the Day of Uhud, and he was fourteen at the time, and the Prophet (phuh) did not allow him to take part in that battle, and then on the Day of Al-Khandaq when he was fifteen, he gave him permission to take part”. Nafi’ said I met Umar b. ’Abd Al-Aziz when he was the Khalifah and mentioned this narration to him, so he said: This is the limit between the young and adult, and he wrote to his workers to make it obligatory upon anyone who reached the age of fifteen. In other words, he ordered to prepare provisions for them in the army office.