第30条
Article 30
被授予效忠誓约的国家领导人,其唯一的条件是满足合约的成立条件,即便他未满足优先性条件,因为重要的是合约的成立条件。
The only conditions for the one who is given the pledge to be the leader of the State is that he fulfils the contracting conditions of the contract, even if he does not fulfil the preference conditions, since what matters are the contracting conditions of the contract.
这一点的依据是关于哈里发特征的那些已有记载的经文证据。在一些关于他特征的记载中,所用的请求语气并不具有决定性,例如他的话语。
The proof for this is the evidences that were narrated regarding the characteristics of the Khalifah. In some oft the narrations regarding his characteristics the request is nondecisive, such as his words.
.» إِنَّ هَذَا الأَمْرَ فِي قُ رَيْشٍ «.
.» إِنَّ هَذَا الأَمْرَ فِي قُ رَيْشٍ «.
“权力(Al-amr)在古莱什人手中”(布哈里辑录,传自穆阿维叶)。这段圣训属于陈述语气,虽然其含义带有请求的意味,但除非有确认其约束力的迹象,否则不被视为确定性的命令;而在可靠的传述中并无此类迹象。至于传述中所载的内容,
“The authority of ruling (Al-amr) is in Quraysh” (reported by Al-Bukhari from Mu’awiyah). This narration is informative, and it is in the informative form, and though it conveys the meaning of a request, it is not considered decisive as long as it is not accompanied by an indication that confirms its decisiveness, and there is no such indication from an authentic narration. As for what is transmitted in the narration,