第十六条 - 《哈里发国草案宪法》 | Quran Course

第十六条 - 《哈里发国草案宪法》 | Quran Course

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第十六条

Article 16

by Sheikh Taqiuddin An-Nabahani1 min readViewed 152 times

统治制度是单一制，而非联邦制。

The system of ruling is a unitary system and not a federal system.

唯一正确的治理体制是单一制（一元制），除此之外的任何体制都不可接受。这是因为沙里亚的经训证据唯独提出了它，并禁止了其他一切体制；据‘Abd Allah b. Amr b. Al-‘As 传述，他听到真主的使者ﷺ说道。

The only correct system for ruling is the unitary system and nothing else is acceptable. This is because the Shari’ah evidence brought it alone and prohibited anything else; it was narrated by ‘Abd Allah b. Amr b. Al-‘As that he heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) say.

. وَمَنْ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا فَأَعْطَاهُ صَفْقَةَ يَدِهِ وَثَمَرَةَ قَ لْبِهِ فَ لْ يُطِعْهُ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ « » آخَرُ ي نَُازِعُهُ فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَ الآخَرِ.

. وَمَنْ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا فَأَعْطَاهُ صَفْقَةَ يَدِهِ وَثَمَرَةَ قَ لْبِهِ فَ لْ يُطِعْهُ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ « » آخَرُ ي نَُازِعُهُ فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَ الآخَرِ.

“凡向哈里发宣誓效忠者，应当握手致意，并真心诚意（即既在外在上，也在内心里顺服他）。他应当尽其所能服从他。若有他人出来（自称哈里发）与他争夺权位，穆斯林应当斩杀此人。”（穆斯林辑录）另据艾布·赛义德·胡德利传述，安拉的使者ﷺ说：

“He who swears allegiance to a Caliph should give him the grasp of his hand and the sincerity of his heart (i. e. submit to him both outwardly as well as inwardly). He should obey him to the best of his capacity. If another man comes forward (as a claimant to Caliphate), disputing his authority, they (the Muslims) should behead the latter.” (reported by Muslim). And it is narrated by Abu Sa‘id Al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,.

“当人们向两位哈里发宣誓效忠时，应杀死后被宣誓效忠的那一位。”（穆斯林辑录）。从这两段圣训的推论角度来看，第一段圣训说明：在伊玛目之位，即哈里发之位，被人争夺的情形下，若与他争夺此哈里发之位，则必须与之作战，若他不放弃争夺，则应将其杀死。因此，该圣训阐明：凡争夺哈里发领导权者，必须加以讨伐。这暗示了禁止国家分裂，鼓励不允许国家分裂，并禁止任何分离行为，即便为维护其统一而不得不动用武力。至于第二段圣训，它针对的情形是国家没有领袖，即没有哈里发，而国家的领导权被交给了两个人，于是应杀死其中的第二个人；若交给的人数超过两人，则依更有力的推理同样适用。这暗示了禁止国家分裂，即禁止将国家分割成多个国家，并且国家必须是统一的。因此，伊斯兰的统治制度是单一制，而非联邦制，任何非单一制的制度都是明确禁止的。基于此，该条款得以起草。

“When oath of allegiance has been taken for two caliphs, kill the one for whom the oath was taken later.” (reported by Muslim). The angle of deduction from these two narrations is that the first narration explains that in the scenario that the Imamate, in other words, the Khilafah, is given to htto dispute with him over this Khilafah it would be obligatory to fight him and to kill him if he did not give up his contention. So the narration clarifies that whoever contends the leadership of the Khalifah in the Khilafah must be fought. And this is an allusion to indicate the prohibition of the division of the state, encouragement not to permit its division and prohibiting any separation from it even through the use of force to maintain its unity. As for the second narration, it is regarding the scenario when the state does not have a head, in other words, a Khalifah, and the leadership of the state, in other words, the Khilafah, was given to two people and so the second of them should be killed, and by greater reasoning if it was given to more than two. And this is an allusion to indicate the prohibition of the division of the state. This means the prohibition of making the state into multiple states and it being obligatory that the state is one. Consequently the system of ruling in Islam is a unitary system and not a federal system and anything other than the unitary system is conclusively prohibited, and for this reason the article was drafted.