Oldingi parchada suraning insonning yaratilishi haqidagi hikoya va johiliyat jamiyatining, jumladan arab johiliyatining odob va hayo masalasi bo‘yicha qarshiligi batafsil sharhlangan edi. Bunday qadriyatlar tanani munosib libos bilan yopishni va qalbni Alloh taolodan qo‘rqish bilan bezashni talab qiladi. Butun masala to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri iymon masalasi bilan bog‘liqdir.

The previous passage in the sūrah provided a long comment on the story of man’s creation and the confrontation with the ignorant Arabian society, and indeed all jāhiliyyah societies, over the question of propriety and decency. Such values require that bodies be covered with appropriate dress and that souls be adorned with fear of God. The whole question relates directly to the major issue of faith.

Ushbu yangi murojaat insoniyatga o'sha oldingi oyatda libos masalasi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan asosiy masalaga qaratilgan. Unda diniy marosimlar va amallarga, shuningdek huquqiy masalalarga va umuman, hayotning barcha jabhalarida kimga ergashish kerakligi haqida so'z boradi. Insoniyat o'z Rabbilaridan vahiy olib kelgan elchilarga ergashishi shart. Qiyomat kunida hisob-kitob va mukofot aynan ularga bo'lgan munosabatga qarab belgilanadi.

This new address to mankind tackles the central issue to which the question of dress was related in the previous passage. It deals with the question of whom to follow in connection with religious rites and practices, as well as in legal issues, and indeed in all matters of life. Mankind must follow the messengers who bring them revelations from their Lord. It is on the basis of their response to those messengers that accountability and reward on the Day of Judgement will be determined.

“Ey Odam farzandlari! Qachonki sizga o‘zlaringizdan elchilar kelib, Mening oyatlarimni bayon qilsalar, kim takvo qilib, to‘g‘ri yo‘l tutsa, ularga hech qanday qo‘rquv ham bo‘lmas, ular g‘amgin ham bo‘lmaslar. Oyatlarimizni yolg‘onga chiqarib, ulardan kibrlanganlar esa — ular do‘zax ahlidir, unda abadiy qolurlar.” (35-36-oyatlar)

“Children of Adam! Whenever there come to you messengers from among yourselves to relate to you My revelations, then those who are conscious of Me and live righteously shall have nothing to fear, nor shall they grieve. But those who deny and scorn Our revelations are the ones destined for the fire, where they shall abide.” (Verses 35-36)

Bu Alloh Odam va uning farzandlari bilan tuzgan ahd va yer yuzida xalifalik vazifasi insonga berilishi uchun Uning qo‘ygan shartidir. Axir, yerni Alloh yaratgan va hayotni qo‘llab-quvvatlashga yaroqli qilgan, so‘ngra uni obod qilish vazifasini insonlarga topshirgan hamda Uning ahdiga muvofiq o‘z majburiyatlarini bajarishlari uchun zarur iste’dod, layoqat va vositalarni ularga bergan. Agar insonlar Alloh yuborgan payg‘ambarlarga ergashmasalar, bu dunyoda qilgan barcha ishlari rad etiladi. Alloh oldida bo‘ysunadigan hech kim bunday amallarni qabul qilmaydi, ular Qiyomat kuni undan qochib bo‘lmas jahannamga olib boruvchi og‘ir yukka aylanadi: {Ey Odam farzandlari! Qachonki sizlarga o‘zlaringizdan payg‘ambarlar kelib, Mening oyatlarimni o‘qib bersalar, kim (Mendan) qo‘rqsa va (o‘zini) isloh qilsa, ularga hech qanday qo‘rquv ham, g‘am ham yo‘qdir.} (35-oyat)

Bizning ushbu hayot tugashi va keyingi hayotning boshlanishi haqidagi sahnalar seriyamiz bor. Birinchi sahnada biz o'limning Allohga nisbatan yolg'on to'qiydiganlarni qanday qamrab olishini ko'ramiz: ular o'zlarining ota-bobolaridan meros qolgan tushunchalari, falsafalari va o'zlari joriy etgan urf-odatlar hamda qonunlar Xudo tomonidan tasdiqlangan, deb da'vo qiladilar. Bunday odamlar, Xudoning payg'ambarlari ularga Xudo vahiylarini yetkazganda, ularni inkor etadilar, holbuki bu vahiylar mukammal ilohiy qonunni o'z ichiga oladi. Shunday qilib, ular o'zlarining shubhali, tasdiqlanmagan bilimlarini Xudoning tasdiqlangan haqiqat vahiylaridan ustun qo'yadilar. Ular dunyo ne'matlaridan o'zlariga belgilangan ulushni allaqachon olganlar. Xudo ularni sinash uchun irodasiga ko'ra belgilagan muddatni tugatganlar va Xudo O'z payg'ambarlariga bergan vahiydan, o'z navbatida ularga yetkazilgan ulushlarini olganlar: "Allohga yolg'on to'qigan yoki Uning oyatlarini yolg'on deb bilgandan ko'ra zolimroq kim bor? Ana shular taqdirlaridan ulushlarini oladilar. Nihoyat, Bizning elchilarimiz ularning jonini olish uchun kelganda: "Allohdan o'zga chaqirgan narsalaringiz qayerda?" deyishadi. Ular: "Ular bizdan yo'qoldilar", deb javob beradilar. Shunday qilib, ular o'zlarining kofir bo'lganliklariga o'zlari guvoh bo'ladilar." (37-oyat)

We have now a series of scenes portraying the end of this life and the beginning of the next one. We see first a scene of death as it overwhelms those who fabricate false claims against God, alleging that their inherited concepts and philosophies and the traditions and laws they enact for themselves have been sanctioned by God. Such people deny God’s revelations when they are conveyed to them by His messengers although these contain a perfect divine code. Thus, they prefer their suspect, unconfirmed knowledge to the confirmed truth of God’s revelations. They have already received what was decreed to be their lot of the comforts of this world. They have completed the period of test God had willed them to go through, and received their part of the revelations God has given to His messengers who, in turn, conveyed it to them: “Who is more wicked than one who invents lies about God or denies His revelations? These shall have whatever has been decreed to be their lot [in life]. When Our messengers come to carry off their souls, they will say: `Where, now, are those whom you used to invoke besides God?’ They will reply: ‘They have forsaken us!’ Thus, they will bear witness against themselves that they had been unbelievers.” (Verse 37)

Bu yerda biz yolg'on to'qigan va Allohning oyatlarini inkor etganlarning manzarasini ko'z oldimizda ko'ramiz. Farishtalar ularning jonini olish uchun keladi va shu paytda ikki guruh o'rtasida ba'zi so'zlar almashiladi. Farishtalar ulardan so'raydi: "Endi qayerda ekan, sizlar Alloh o'rniga chaqirib kelgan narsalaringiz?" (37-oyat). Siz ta'kidlab kelgan asossiz da'volaringizga nima bo'ldi?

Endi qarama-qarshi manzaraga nazar tashlaylik: "Iymon keltirib, yaxshi amallar qilganlarga kelsak, Biz hech bir jonni o'zi ko'tara olmaydigan darajada mashaqqatga solmaymiz. Ular jannatga tegishli bo'lib, u yerda abadiy qoladilar. Ularning qalblarida qolgan har qanday kek-adovatni Biz olib tashlaymiz."

Let us now look at the opposite scene: “As for those who believe and do righteous deeds, We never burden a soul with more than it can bear. They are destined for paradise, where they will abide. We shall remove any rancour that may be lingering in their hearts.

Ularning oyoqlari ostidan daryolar oqib turadi; ular shunday deydilar: "Bizni buga yo'llagan Allohga hamdu sanolar bo'lsin. Agar U bizni hidoyatga boshlamaganida, biz to'g'ri yo'lni topa olmas edik. Rabbimizning elchilari haqiqatni bizga albatta keltirdilar." (Ularga bir ovoz) nido qiladi: "Bu sizlar qilib yurgan amallaringiz tufayli merosxo'r bo'lgan jannatdir."

Running waters will flow at their feet; and they will say: All praise is due to God who has guided us to this. Had He not given us guidance, we would certainly have not found the right path. Our Lord’s messengers have certainly brought us the truth.’ (A voice) will call out to them: ‘This is the paradise you have inherited by virtue of what you used to do.’” (Verses 42- 43)

Bu yerda imon keltirgan va imkoni boricha solih amallar qilgan kishilarning taqdiri tasvirlanadi. Ular Allohning inoyati bilan jannatga qaytadilar, chunki ular unga haqiqiy egalardir. Uni Alloh ularga imon bilan qilingan yaxshi amallari uchun mukofot sifatida in'om etdi. Ular Alloh elchilariga ergashgan, Rabbilari, Qodir, Rahmli Zotning amrlariga itoat etgan va abadiy dushmanlari bo'lgan shaytonga itoatsizlik qilgan kishilardir. Agar Allohning inoyati bo'lmaganida, ularning cheklangan qudrati hisobga olinsa, amallari yetarli bo'lmas edi. Payg'ambar ﷺ Muslim rivoyat qilgan sahih hadisda shunday deydi: "Sizlardan hech kim o'z amali tufayli jannatga kirmaydi." Sahobalar so'radilar: "Hatto siz ham emasmi, Alloh elchisi?" U javob berdi: ﷺ

Here we have a description of the destiny of those who believe and do righteous deeds as best they can. These return to paradise, because they are, by God’s grace, its rightful owners. He has granted it to them as a reward for their good deeds which are motivated by faith. It is they who followed God’s messengers, obeyed the commandments of their Lord, the Almighty, the Merciful and disobeyed Satan, their age- old enemy. Had it not been for God’s grace, their actions would not have been sufficient, considering their limited ability. The Prophet says in an authentic ĥadīth related by Muslim: “No one of you will be admitted into heaven by virtue of his action.” His companions asked: “Not even you, Messenger of God?” He replied:

Qarama-qarshilik ikki guruh o'rtasida to'liq, ammo sura bizning ko'z o'ngimizda hozirgina ko'rganimizdan keyinroq sodir bo'ladigan manzarani namoyon qiladi. Endi biz jannat ahlini o'z maskanlarida qulay joylashgan holda ko'ramiz, do'zax ahli esa o'z halokatlariga endi ishonch hosil qilgan. Birinchi guruh ikkinchi guruhga chaqirib, ularga Alloh va'dasi haqida so'raydi: {Jannat ahli do'zax ahliga nido qiladi: "Biz Robbimiz bizga va'da qilganini haq deb topdik. Siz ham Robbingiz va'dasini haq deb topdingizmi?" Ular: "Ha", deb javob beradilar. Shunda ularning orasidan bir kishi jar soladi: "Alloh yo'lidan qaytaradigan, uni egri ko'rsatishni istaydigan va oxirat haqini inkor etadigan zolimlarga la'nat bo'lsin!"} (44-45-oyatlar) Note: the Quran verses are rendered in the same way as the translation of the original.

The contrast between the two groups is total, but the sūrah moves on to raise before our eyes a scene that comes later than the one we have just witnessed. Now we see the people of heaven having settled down comfortably in their dwelling place, while the people of hell are now certain of their doom. The former group calls out to the latter asking them about God’s promise: “The dwellers of paradise will call out to the inmates of the fire: ‘We have found what our Lord promised to be true. Have you, too, found the promise of your Lord to be true?’ They will answer: ‘Yes,’ whereupon someone from their midst will proclaim: ‘Cursed indeed are the wrongdoers who turn others away from God’s path and try to make it appear crooked, and who reject the truth of the lift to come.’” (Verses 44-45)

Savolning o‘zi ham kinoyaga to‘la. Mo‘minlar Xudo ogohlantirgan narsaning ham xuddi Uning va’dasi ado bo‘lganidek ro‘y berganiga mutlaqo ishonch hosil qilgan. Shunga qaramay, ular bu haqda do‘zax ahliga savol beradilar. Javob esa bir so‘z bilan beriladi: “Ha”.

The question itself is full of irony. The believers are absolutely certain that what God has warned against has actually come to pass in the same way as His promise has been fulfilled. Nevertheless, they ask the people of hell about it. The answer is given in a single word: “Yes”.

Shunday qilib, jannat va do‘zax o‘rtasidagi bu muloqot to‘xtaydi, chunki ikki guruh bir ovozni eshitadi. Ularning orasida kimdir e’lon qiladi: “Haqiqatan ham la’nat zolimlarga bo‘lsin, ular Allohning yo‘lidan odamlarni to‘sadilar, uni egri ko‘rsatishga harakat qiladilar va keladigan hayotning haqiqatini inkor etadilar.” (44-45-oyatlar) Bu bayonot Qur’onda “zolimlar” iborasining ma’nosini aniq belgilaydi, bu ibora ko‘pincha “kofirlar” ma’nosida sinonim sifatida ishlatiladi. Iymondan mahrum bo‘lganlar odamlarni Xudoning yo‘lidan qaytaradilar va uni egri ko‘rsatish uchun qattiq harakat qiladilar. Ular keladigan hayotga ishonmaydilar.

Thus the dialogue that takes place across the great divide between heaven and hell comes to a stop as a voice is heard by the two groups. Someone will proclaim in their midst: “Cursed indeed are the wrongdoers who turn others away from God’s path and try to make it appear crooked, and who reject the truth of the lift to come.” (Verses 44-45) This statement clearly defines the meaning of `the wrongdoers’ which is often used in the Qur’ān as a synonym for `unbelievers’. It is the ones who are devoid of faith that turn people away from God’s path and try hard to make it appear crooked. They do not believe in the life to come.

Ushbu nuqtada sura bu manzarada yana bir narsaga e'tiborimizni qaratadi. Ikki guruhni to'siq ajratib turganini ko'ramiz, uning ustida esa jannat ahli va do'zax ahlini ularning qiyofasi va belgilaridan taniydigan ba'zi kishilar turibdi. Ularning kim ekanini va jannat yoki do'zaxga tayinlangan ikki guruh bilan qanday aloqasi borligini bilish muhimdir.

At this juncture, the sūrah draws our attention to something additional painted in this scene. We see that the two camps are separated by a barrier over which stand some people who recognize the dwellers of heaven and the inmates of the fire by their looks and features. It is important to find out who these people are and what have they got to do with the two groups destined either for heaven or hell.

Ular ikki guruh o'rtasida to'siq bo'ladi va A'rof (balandliklar)da har kimni chehrasidan taniydigan kishilar bo'ladi. Ular jannat ahliga nido qilib aytadilar:

Between the two parties there will be a barrier, and on the Heights there will be men who recognize everyone by their looks. They will call out to the dwellers of paradise:

«Assalomu alaykum» — ular unga hali kirmagan bo‘lsalar ham, lekin uni orzu qilgan holda. Ularning ko‘zlari do‘zax ahlidan biriga qaratilganda, ular: «Rabbimiz, bizni bunday zolim qavm bilan birga qilma», deydilar. So‘ng A‘rof ahli o‘z alomatlaridan tanigan ba’zi kishilarni chaqirib, deydilar:

“Peace be upon you” — not having entered it themselves, but longing still [to be there]. And whenever their eyes are turned towards the inmates of the fire, they will say: “Our Lord, do not place us alongside such wrongdoing people.” Then those on the Heights will call out to certain people whom they recognize by their looks, saying:

“Sizlarga ko‘p odamlaringiz va kibringiz nima foyda berdi? Siz qasam ichib, Alloh ularga hech qachon rahm qilmaydi, deb aytgan o‘sha kishilarmi?” (Ularga shunday deyiladi:) “Jannatga kiringlar. Sizlar uchun na qo‘rquv bor, na qayg‘u.” (46–49-oyatlar)

“What have your great throngs and your false pride availed you? Are these the selfsame people whom you swore that God would never show them mercy?” (Now they have been told,) “Enter Paradise. You have nothing to fear, nor will you grieve.” (Verses 46-49)

Rivoyat qilinadiki, jannat bilan do‘zax o‘rtasini ajratib turuvchi A’rof (balandlik)dagilar — yaxshi amallari bilan yomon amallari miqdor va o‘lchov jihatidan teng bo‘lgan insonlardir. Shu sababli, ularning yaxshi amallari jannatga kirishlarini kafolatlay olmaydi, gunohlari ham ularni do‘zaxga mahkum etmaydi. Ular o‘rtada qolib, Allohning rahmatiga muyassar bo‘lishlarini kutadilar. Ular jannat ahlini qiyofasidan tanib oladilar, balki ularning yuzlari oq va yorqin bo‘lgani yoki ularga hamroh bo‘lgan nur tufaylidir. Shuningdek, do‘zaxga mahkum etilganlarni ham xususiyatlaridan tanib oladilar, balki ularning qora yuzlari yoki takabbur ishora sifatida ko‘tarib yurgan burunlaridagi belgi tufaylidir. Bu belgining burunlariga bosilishi 68-sura, Qalam surasida zikr etilgan. Ular jannat ahliga salom bilan murojaat qiladilar, Allohning ularga ham rahm-shafqat ko‘rsatib, jannatga kiritishiga umid bog‘laganlari ayon bo‘ladi. Ataylab ko‘rsatilgan do‘zax ahliga ko‘zlari tushganda esa, ularning taqdiridan saqlanishlarini so‘rab iltijo qiladilar.