Lekin Madina jamiyati Islomning yoyilishiga qaramay bu darajadagi poklikni saqlab qola olmadi. Ko'pchilik, ayniqsa ta'sir o'tkazish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lganlar, o'z mavqeini saqlab qolish uchun xalqi bilan o'xshash pozitsiyani egallashi zarur deb hisobladilar. Badr jangi bo'lganida, ularning yetakchi shaxsi bo'lgan `Abdulloh ibn Ubay ibn Salul Islom mustahkam ildiz otgan va uni osonlikcha yo'qotib bo'lmaydi, deb o'yladi. Shu sababli u o'zini musulmon qilib ko'rsatdi. Ehtimol, ko'pchilik o'z xalqi bilan hamqadam bo'lish uchun Islomni qabul qilishi muqarrar edi. Ular munofiq emas edilar, lekin Islomni to'liq tushunmagan yoki unga moslashib o'zgarmagan edilar. Bu esa Madinadagi jamiyatda yangi e'tiqodga sadoqatning turli darajalari mavjud bo'lganini anglatardi.
But the Madinah society did not maintain this level of purity despite the spread of Islam. Many people, especially those who were in positions of influence, felt they had to take a similar stand to their people in order to maintain their positions. When the Battle of Badr took place, the leading figure among these, `Abdullāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl, thought that Islam had established firm roots and could not be easily dislodged. Hence, he pretended to be a Muslim. It was perhaps inevitable that many accepted Islam in order to keep abreast of their people. They were not hypocrites, but they had not fully understood Islam or moulded themselves according to it. This meant that the community in Madinah had different levels of commitment to the new faith.
Shu nuqtada, Payg'ambarimiz ﷺ nazorati ostida o'ziga xos islomiy ta'lim usuli ishga tushdi. Uning maqsadi bu yangi unsurlarni shakllantirish edi. U musulmon jamoasida mafkuraviy, axloqiy va xulq-atvor darajasida uyg'unlikka erishishni maqsad qilgan edi.
At this point, the unique Islamic method of education began its work under the Prophet’s supervision in order to mould these new elements. It aimed to achieve coherence within the Muslim community at the ideological, moral and behavioural levels.
Madina shahrida nozil bo'lgan suralarni taxminiy nozil bo'lish tartibida o'qiganimizda, yangi unsurlarni musulmon jamoasiga singdirish va qayta shakllantirishga qaratilgan katta sa'y-harakatni ko'ramiz, ayniqsa, yangi kelganlar doimo bo'lganligi sababli. Bu Quraysh tomonidan qat'iy qarshilik ko'rsatilgan va ular boshqa arab qabilalarini o'z tomoniga og'dirishga uringaniga qaramay sodir bo'ldi, shuningdek, yahudiylarning yovuz niyatlari va ularning yangi dinga hamda uning targ'ibotchilariga qarshi dushman kuchlarni birlashtirishga bo'lgan urinishlariga qaramay ham davom etdi.
When we read the sūrahs revealed in Madinah, in the approximate order of their revelation, we note the great effort that aimed to absorb and remould the new elements in the Muslim community, particularly because there were always newcomers. This was the case despite the determined opposition of the Quraysh and its attempts to win other Arabian tribes to its side, and despite the wicked designs of the Jews and their efforts to marshal hostile forces to the new faith and its advocates.
Shuning uchun yangi kelganlarni elita darajasiga yetkazishga intilish zarur edi, chunki ular qat'iyat bilan davom etishlari uchun shu narsa kerak edi.
Hence, the effort to bring newcomers to the same level as the elite, for this was needed if they were to continue with determination.
Shunday bo‘lsa-da, ayniqsa qiyin paytlarda zaifliklar yuzaga chiqishda davom etdi.
Nonetheless, weaknesses continued to surface, particularly in times of difficulty.
Munofiqlik, ikkilanish, jismoniy yoki moliyaviy qurbonliklarga tayyor emaslik va xavfdan umumiy yuz o‘girish alomatlari bor edi. Shuningdek, musulmon bilan uning kofir qarindoshlari o‘rtasidagi munosabatga oid chalkashlik ham kuzatilardi. Turli suralardagi Qur’on oyatlari bu hodisalarni va Qur’onning ularni bartaraf etish usulini aniq tasvirlaydi. Quyida ushbu oyatlarning namunalari keltirilgan:
There were indications of hypocrisy, reluctance, unwillingness to make physical or financial sacrifices, and a general turning away from danger. There were also signs of confusion concerning the relationship between a Muslim and his non-Muslim relatives. Qur’ānic texts in different sūrahs provide a clear idea of these phenomena and the method the Qur’ān employed to deal with them. Examples of these texts are given below:
Xuddi Parvardigoringiz sizni haqiqat uchun uyingizdan chiqargani kabi, holbuki mo'minlarning bir qismi buni yoqtirmas edi. Haqiqat ayon bo'lganidan keyin ham ular sizni u haqda bahslashardilar, go'yo ular o'lim tomon haydalayotgandek va buni o'z ko'zlari bilan ko'rayotgandek.
Esingizda bo'lsin, Alloh sizga ikki guruhdan biri sizniki bo'lishini va'da qilgan edi. Siz kuchsizroq bo'lgan guruh sizniki bo'lishini istardingiz, lekin Alloh haqni O'z so'zlari bilan qaror toptirishni va kofirlarni yo'q qilishni irода qilgan edi.
Just as your Lord brought you forth from your home for the truth, even though some of the believers were averse to it. They would argue with you about the truth even after it had become manifest, just as if they were being driven to certain death and saw it with their very eyes. God promised you that one of the two hosts would fall to you. It was your wish that the one which was not powerful to be yours, but it was God’s will to establish the truth in accordance with His words and to wipe out the unbelievers.
Shunday qilib, U Zot haqiqatni mustahkam o‘rnatadi va botilni botil ekanini ko‘rsatadi, garchi bu zolimlarga yoqmasa ham. (8: 5-8)
U sizga Kitobni nozil qilgan Zotdir. Unda aniq va ravshan oyatlar bor — ular Kitobning asosidir — va boshqalari esa majoziy ma’noda. Qalblari haqiqatdan og‘ib ketganlar fitna qidirib, uning majoziy qismiga ergashadilar va unga o‘zlaricha ma’no berishga harakat qiladilar. Uning haqiqiy ma’nosini Allohdan boshqa hech kim bilmaydi. Ilmda chuqur ildiz otganlar esa: «Biz unga iymon keltirdik, hammasi Robbimiz tomonidandir», deydilar. Faqat aql-idrokka ega bo‘lganlargina nasihat oladilar.
«Ey Robbimiz, bizni hidoyatga boshlaganingdan keyin qalblarimizni haqiqatdan og‘dirma va bizga O‘z huzuringdan rahmat ato et. Albatta, Sen ko‘p in’om etuvchisan. Ey Robbimiz, shubha yo‘q bo‘lgan Kunda Sen, albatta, odamlarni to‘plovchisan».
Thus He would certainly establish the truth firmly and show falsehood to be false, however hateful this might be to the evildoers. (8: 5-8) He it is who has sent down to you the Book, containing verses which are clear and precise — and these are the essence of the Book — and others are allegorical. Those whose hearts have swerved from the truth pursue that part of it which is allegorical, seeking to create dissension and trying to give it an arbitrary meaning. None save God knows its final meaning. Those who are firmly grounded in knowledge say: ‘We believe in it; it is all from our Lord.’ But only those who are endowed with insight take heed. ‘Our Lord, let not our hearts swerve from the truth after You have guided us; and bestow on us mercy from Yourself. You are indeed the great giver. Our Lord, You will indeed gather mankind together to witness the Day of which there is no doubt.
Albatta, Alloh Oʻz va'dasiga hech qachon xilof qilmaydi. (3: 7-9)
Surely, God never fails to keep His promise.’ (3: 7-9)
Siz munofiqlarning o‘z kofir do‘stlari — Kitob ahlidan bo‘lgan kofirlar haqida qanday gapirishlarini bilmaysizmi: «Agar sizlar haydalsangizlar, biz albatta siz bilan birga chiqamiz va sizlarga qarshi hech kimga quloq solmaymiz; agar sizlarga qarshi urush boshlansa, albatta sizlarga yordam beramiz». Lekin Alloh guvohlik beradiki, ular albatta yolg‘onchilardir. Agar ular haydalsalar, ular ular bilan birga chiqmaydilar; agar ular bilan urush boshlansa, ular yordam bermaydilar; va agar yordam bersalar ham, albatta orqalariga o‘girilib qochadilar, oxir-oqibatda o‘zlari ham yordam topmaydilar. Ularning qalblarida Alloh-dan ko‘ra ko‘proq qo‘rquv sizlardan bor. Bu ularning haqiqatni anglamaydigan kishilar ekanliklari sabablidir. (59:
Are you not aware of how the hypocrites speak to their unbeliever brethren from among the people of earlier revelations: ‘If you are driven away, we shall most certainly go forth with you, and shall never pay heed to anyone against you; and if war is waged against you we shall most certainly come to your succour.’ But God bears witness that they are most flagrantly lying. Indeed, if those are driven away, they will not go forth with them; and if war is waged against them, they will not come to their succour; and even if they succour them, they will most certainly turn their back in flight, and in the end will themselves find no succour. You strike more fear in their hearts than God. This, because they are people who fail to grasp the truth. (59:
Ey iymon keltirganlar! Ollohning sizga bergan ne'matini eslang: sizga qarshi lashkarlar bostirib kelganda, Biz ularning ustiga bo'ron va sizga ko'rinmaydigan qo'shinlar yubordik. Olloh esa qilayotgan ishlaringizni ko'rib turardi. Ular ustingizga yuqoridan va pastdan hujum qildilar, ko'zlaringiz qamashib, yuraklaringiz tomoqqa tiqilib qolgan, Ollohga nisbatan turli xil noto'g'ri fikrlar xayolingizdan o'tgan paytda. Mana shu yerda mo'minlar sinovga tortildilar va qattiq silkitildilar. Munofiqlar va qalbida kasallik bor kishilar esa: "Olloh va Uning Elchisi bizga aldamchilikdan boshqa hech narsa va'da qilmagan", dedilar. Ulardan bir guruh: "Yasrib ahli! Sizlar bu yerda dushmanga bardosh bera olmaysizlar, shuning uchun orqaga qaytinglar", dedi. Ulardan bir qismi Nabiy ﷺ dan ruxsat so'rab: "Uylarimiz ochiq-oydin qoldi!" deb aytdi. Holbuki, ular ochiq emas edilar, ular faqat qochishni istagan edilar. Agar ularning shahri ichkaridan bostirib kirilib, ulardan kufrga qaytish talab qilinganda, ular buni hech ikkilanmasdan qilgan bo'lardilar...
Believers! Remember the blessings which God bestowed on you when [enemy] hosts came down upon you, whereupon We let loose against them a stormwind and hosts that you could not see. Yet God saw all that you did. They came upon you from above you and from below you, and when your eyes became dim and your hearts came up to your throats, and when most conflicting thoughts about God passed through your minds. It was there and then that the believers were tried, and severely shaken. The hypocrites and those whose hearts are diseased said, ‘God and His Messenger have promised us nothing but delusions.’ A group of them said, ‘People of Yathrib! You cannot withstand the enemy here. Therefore, go back.’ A party among them asked leave of the Prophet, saying, ‘Our houses are exposed!’ The fact is that they were not really exposed. They simply wanted nothing but to flee. Now if their town had been stormed, and they had been asked to commit apostasy, they would have done so without much delay... (33: 9-14)
Ey iymon keltirganlar, o'zingizni xavf-xatardan to'liq saqlang va alohida-alohida guruhlarga bo'linib yoki hammangiz birgalikda jangga chiqing. Orangizda shunday kishilar borki, ular orqada qoladi. Agar sizga bir falokat yetsa, ular: «Men ular bilan birga bo'lmaganim uchun Alloh menga in'om etdi», deydi. Agar sizga Alloh tomonidan omad kelsa, u go'yo siz bilan o'rtangizda hech qanday muhabbat bo'lmaganidek: «Ey keni, men ular bilan birga bo'lsam edi, albatta, katta g'alabaga erishgan bo'lardim», deb aytadi. {4:71-73}
Believers, be fully prepared against danger, and go to war either in small groups or all together. There are indeed among you such as would lag behind, and then, if a calamity befalls you, say, ‘God has bestowed His favours upon me in that I was not present with them!’ But if good fortune comes to you from God, he is sure to say — just as if there had never been any question of love between you and him — ‘Oh, would that I had been with them; I would surely have had a [share in a] mighty triumph.’ (4: 71-73)
Siz ularni ko‘rmadingizmi, kimlarga: «Qo‘llaringizni tuting, namozni to‘kis ado eting va zakot bering», deyilgan edi? Qachonki ularga urush farz qilinganda, ulardan bir guruhi odamlardan Allohdan qo‘rqqandek yoki undan ham ko‘proq qo‘rqqan holda: «Parvardigorimiz! Nega bizga urushni farz qilding? Bizni yana bir oz muddatgacha kechiktirsang bo‘lmasmidi?» deyishdi. Ayt: «Dunyo bahrasi oz, oxirat esa Allohdan qo‘rqqanlar uchun yaxshiroqdir. Sizlarga ip ipidek ham zulm qilinmaydi». Qayerda bo‘lsangiz ham, mustahkam minoralarda bo‘lsangiz ham, o‘lim sizlarni topadi. Agar ularga yaxshilik yetsa: «Bu Allohdandir», deydilar; agar yomonlik yetsa: «Bu sendandir», deydilar. Ayt: «Hammasi Allohdandir». Bu qavmga nima bo‘ldiki, bir gapni ham anglab yetishga yaqin kelishmaydi?
Are you not aware of those who have been told, ‘Hold back your hands [from fighting], and attend regularly to prayer, and pay your zakāt [i.e. the purifying dues]? When, at length, the order for fighting was issued to them, some of them stood in awe of men as one should stand in awe of God — or in even greater awe — and said, ‘Our Lord! Why have you ordered us to fight? If only You had granted us a delay for a little while!’ Say, ‘Brief is the enjoyment of this world, whereas the life to come is the best for all who are God-fearing. None of you shall be wronged by as much as a hair’s breadth. Wherever you may be death will overtake you, even though you be in towers built up strong and high.’ Yet, when a good thing happens to them, some [people] say, ‘This is from God,’ whereas when evil befalls them, they say, ‘This is from you!’ Say, All is from God’ What is amiss with these people that they are in no wise near to grasping the truth of what they are told? (4: 77-78)
Bu dunyo hayoti faqat o'yin-kulgi va o'tkinchi bir zavqdir. Agar iymon keltirsangiz va Allohdan qo'rqsangiz, U sizga ajrlaringizni beradi va mol-mulkingizni talab qilmaydi. Agar U sizdan uni talab qilsa va sizni unga undasa, siz baxillik qilib unga yopishib olasiz va shu tariqa U sizning ichingizdagi nuqsonlarni ochib beradi. Mana, sizlar Alloh yo'lida mol-mulkingizni sarflashga chaqirilyapsiz; ammo orangizda baxillik qiladiganlar ham bor! Kim [Alloh yo'lida] baxillik qilsa, u faqat o'z nafsiga baxillik qilgan bo'ladi. Chunki Alloh, albatta, o'zi behojatdir, sizlar esa Unga muhtojsizlar. Agar Undan yuz o'girsangiz, U sizlarning o'rningizga boshqa bir qavmni keltiradi, va ular sizlarga o'xshamaydilar. {47:36-38}
The life of this world is but a play and a passing delight. But if you believe and are God-fearing, He will grant you your deserts, and will not demand of you to sacrifice your property. If He were to demand it of you, and urge you, you would niggardly cling to it, and so He would bring out your moral failings. Now, you are called upon to spend freely in God’s cause; but there are among you those who turn out to be niggardly! He who acts niggardly [in God’s cause] is but niggardly towards his own self. For God is indeed self-sufficient, whereas you stand in need of Him. And if you turn away from Him, He will cause other people to take your place, and they will not be the likes of you. (47: 36-38)
Sen ularni ko'rmadingmi, ular Alloh g'azablangan kishilar bilan do'stlashadilar? Ular na sizlardan, na ulardan emaslar. Ular bilib turib yolg'on qasam ichadilar. Alloh ular uchun qattiq azobni tayyorlab qo'ygan. Ular qilayotgan ishlari nақадар yomon! Ular o'z qasamlarini qalqon qilib oldilar va shu tariqa odamlarni Allohning yo'lidan to'sadilar. Shuning uchun ularni xorlovchi azob kutmoqda. Alloh huzurida ularga na mollari, na farzandlari hech narsa foyda bermaydi. Ana shular do'zax ahlidir, ular unda abadiy qoladilar. Alloh ularning hammasini tiriltirgan kuni, ular xuddi sizlar oldida qasam ichganlaridek, Uning huzurida ham qasam ichadilar va o'zlarini to'g'ri yo'lda deb o'ylaydilar. Bilib qo'yinglar, ular yolg'onchilardir. Shayton ularni o'ziga bo'ysundirib olgan va ularni Allohning zikridan g'aflatda qoldirgan. Ana shular shaytonning tarafdorlaridir. Ogoh bo'linglar, shaytonning tarafdorlari albatta ziyon ko'ruvchilardir. Alloh va Uning Rasulига qarshi chiqqanlar eng xorlanganlar qatoriga kiradilar.
Are you not aware of those who would be friends with people whom God has condemned? They are neither of you nor of those others. They knowingly swear to a falsehood. God has readied for them severe suffering. Evil indeed is what they are wont to do. They have made their oaths a cover, and thus they turn others away from God’s path. Hence, shameful suffering awaits them. Neither their worldly possessions nor their offspring will be of the least avail to them against God. It is they who are destined for the fire, therein to abide. On the Day when God will raise them all from the dead, they will swear before Him as they now swear before you, thinking that they are on firm ground. They are indeed the liars. Satan has gained mastery over them, and has caused them to remain oblivious of the remembrance of God. Such as these are Satan’s partisans. Most certainly, the partisans of Satan will truly be the losers. Those who contend against God and His Messenger shall find themselves among the most abject.
Alloh shunday hukm qilgan: «Albatta, Men va Mening elchilarim g‘olib bo‘lamiz». Albatta, Alloh kuchli, qudratli zotdir. Alloh va Oxirat kunига iymon keltirgan, shu bilan birga Alloh va Uning Elchisiga qarshi chiqqan kimsalarni, garchi ular ota-bobolari, farzandlari, aka-ukalari yoki qarindoshlari bo‘lsa ham, do‘st tutadigan kishilarni topa olmaysan. Mana shular — Alloh ularning qalblariga iymonni yozib qo‘ygan, O‘zining ruhi bilan ularni quvvatlantirgan kishilardir. Alloh ularni ostidan daryolar oqib turadigan jannatlarga kiritadi, ular u yerda abadiy qoladilar. Alloh ulardan rozi bo‘ladi, ular ham Undan rozi bo‘ladilar. Ular Allohning yo‘ldoshlaridir. Diqqat qiling, Allohning yo‘ldoshlari albatta najot topguvchilardir.
God has ordained: ‘I shall most certainly prevail, I and My messengers.’ God is indeed Powerful, Almighty. You cannot find people who believe in God and the Last Day and [at the same time] love anyone who contends against God and His Messenger, even though they be their fathers, sons, brothers or their kindred. It is they [the believers] in whose hearts He has inscribed faith, and whom He has strengthened with inspiration from Himself and whom He will admit into gardens through which running waters flow, therein to abide. Well- pleased is God with them, and they with Him. They are God’s partisans. Most certainly, God’s partisans shall be the ones who are successful.
Mo'minlar, yahudiylar va nasroniylarni do'st tutmanglar. Ular bir-birining do'stlaridir. Sizlardan kim ularni do'st tutsa, u albatta ularning o'zidir. Alloh zolim qavmni to'g'ri yo'lga boshlamaydi. Ammo yuraklarida kasallik bor kishilarning ularga shoshilib yopishganini ko'rasan. Ular: "Bizga biror falokat yetishidan qo'rqamiz", deydilar. Ehtimol, Alloh g'alaba yoki O'z huzuridan biror ish keltirar. U vaqtda ular o'z ichlarida yashirgan fikrlaridan pushaymon bo'lib qolurlar. O'sha paytda mo'minlar: "Ular o'sha qasam ichib, "Biz albatta sizlar bilan birgamiz", deganlar emasmi?" deyishadi. Ularning amallari behuda ketdi, shu tufayli ziyon ko'radiganlardan bo'lib qoldilar. (5: 51-53)
Believers, do not take the Jews and the Christians for your allies. They are allies of one another. Whoever of you allies himself with them is indeed one of them. God does not bestow His guidance on the wrongdoers. Yet you see those who are sick at heart rush to their defence, saying, ‘We fear lest a change of fortune should befall us.’ God may well bring about victory [for believers] or some other event of His own making, and those [waverers] will terribly regret the thought they had secretly harboured within themselves. The believers will say: Are these the self-same people who swore by God their most solemn oaths that they were with you?’ All their works are in vain and they will lose all. (5: 51-53)
Ey iymon keltirganlar! Meni va sizning dushmaningiz bo‘lgan dushmanlarimni do‘st tutmanglar. Sizga kelgan haqiqatga ishonmaydiganlarga mehr ko‘rsatasizlar. Ular Payg‘ambarni va sizlarni faqat Rabbingiz bo‘lgan Allohga iymon keltirganingiz uchun o‘z yurtlaringizdan quvib chiqardilar! Agar Mening yo‘limda jihod qilish va Mening rizoligimni istab uylaringizdan chiqqan bo‘lsangiz, ularga yashirincha mehr ko‘rsatmanglar. Siz yashiradigan narsalarni ham, oshkor qiladigan narsalarni ham Men yaxshi bilaman. Sizlardan kim shunday qilsa, u to‘g‘ri yo‘ldan adashgan bo‘ladi. Agar ular sizlarni yengsalar, sizlarga dushman bo‘lib qoladilar, yomon niyat bilan qo‘llarini va tillarini sizga cho‘zadilar. Ular sizlarning kofir bo‘lishingizni xohlaydilar.
Believers, do not take My enemies, who are your enemies as well, for your allies, showing them affection even though they do not believe in the truth that has come to you. They have driven the Messenger and yourselves away, only because you believe in God, your Lord! If you have gone forth from your homes to strive in My cause, and out of a longing for My goodly acceptance, [do not] incline towards them in secret affection. I am fully aware of all that you may conceal and all that you do openly. Any of you who does this has already strayed from the right path. If they could but overcome you, they would remain your foes, and would stretch forth their hands and tongues against you with evil intent; for they desire that you should be unbelievers.
Qiyomat kuni na qarindoshlaringiz, na farzandlaringiz sizga hech qanday foyda keltirmaydi. U Zot sizlar o‘rtasida hukm qiladi. Alloh sizlarning qilayotgan ishlaringizni ko‘rib turuvchidir. Albatta, sizlar uchun Ibrohim va u bilan birga bo‘lganlarda go‘zal namuna bor edi. Ular o‘z qavmlariga shunday degan edilar: «Biz sizlardan va Alloh o‘rniga sig‘inayotgan narsalaringizdan bezormiz. Biz sizlarning e’tiqodingizni inkor etamiz. Sizlar yagona Allohga iymon keltirmagancha, biz bilan sizlar o‘rtasida doimiy adovat va nafrat paydo bo‘ldi». Faqat Ibrohimning otasiga: «Men sen uchun Allohdan mag‘firat so‘rayman, lekin sen uchun Allohdan biror narsaga qodir emasman», degan so‘zi bundan mustasno. «Rabbimiz! Biz faqat Senga tavakkul qildik, Senga tavba qilib qaytamiz va manzil Senga tomondir». (60: 1-4)
Neither your kinsfolk nor your own children will be of any benefit to you on Resurrection Day when He will decide between you. God sees all that you do. Indeed, you have had a good example in Abraham and those who followed him, when they said to their people: ‘We are quit of you and of all that you worship instead of God. We deny whatever you believe; and between us and you there has arisen enmity and hatred, to last until such a time as you come to believe in the One God.’ The only exception was Abraham’s saying to his father, I shall pray for God’s forgiveness for you, although I do not have it in my power to obtain anything from God on your behalf. Our Lord! In You have we placed our trust, and to You do we return. To You is all journey’s end.’ (60: 1-4)
Ushbu o'nta iqtibos, har biri turli surадан olingan bo'lib, yangi unsurlarning doimiy kirib kelishi natijasida musulmon jamoatida tabiiy va muqarrar ravishda paydo bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan zaifliklar haqida yetarli darajada tasavvur beradi. Chunki ular jamoaning mustahkam asosi bilan to'liq singishi uchun vaqt va kuch talab qilinadi.
These ten quotations, each drawn from a different sūrah are sufficient to give us a fair idea of the weaknesses that might naturally and inevitably appear in the Muslim community as a result of the constant influx of new elements. For it takes time and effort before they are fully integrated with the solid base of the community.