Ushbu parchada sura munofiqlar haqida gapiradi. Avvalo, u ularning Payg'ambarga va Qur'onga bo'lgan munosabatini tasvirlaydi, so'ngra Alloh Muslimlardan O'z yo'lida amalga oshirishni talab qilgan jihodga bo'lgan munosabatlarini. Nihoyat, u ularning yahudiylarga bo'lgan munosabatini va Islomga hamda musulmonlar jamoasiga qarshi ular bilan til biriktirishlarini ochib beradi.

In this passage the surah speaks about the hypocrites. In the first instance it depicts their attitude towards the Prophet and the Qur’an, then their attitude to fighting which God requires Muslims to undertake in the service of His cause. Finally, it reveals their attitude towards the Jews and their conspiring with them against Islam and the Muslim community.

Shuni esda tutish kerakki, munofiqlik birinchi bor Madinada paydo bo'lgan. Makkada u mavjud bo'lmagan, chunki u yerdagi vaziyat unga umuman ehtiyoj qoldirmagan. Makkada musulmonlar quvg'in ostida yashar edilar va hech kimga ularni xushomad qilib ovutish zarurati yo'q edi. Alloh taolo Madinaning ikki qabilasi — Avs va Xazraj tomonidan Islomning qabul qilinishi orqali unga yordam berganida, yangi din barcha qabila va oilalarga tarqaldi. Madinaning har bir uyida musulmonlar bor edi. Biroq ba'zilar Payg'ambar ﷺ va Islomning kuch topayotganini ko'rishni yoqtirmas edilar, lekin o'z adovatlarini oshkora qilishga jur'at etolmas edilar.

It should be remembered that hypocrisy first started in Madlnah. It did not exist in Makkah, as the situation there made it totally unnecessary. In Makkah, the Muslims suffered persecution and no one needed to appease them. When God facilitated support for Islam with its acceptance by the two tribes of Madinah, the Aws and the Khazraj, the new faith spread into all clans and families. There were Muslims in every home in Madinah. Some, however, hated to see the Prophet and Islam gaining power but dared not make their hostility public.

Shuning uchun ular musulmon bo‘lib ko‘rinishgan, holbuki haqiqatda ularning yuragi Islomga nisbatan nafrat bilan to‘la edi. Ular Payg‘ambar ﷺ va sahobalariga ham yomonlik yetishini istashgan. Ularning boshlig‘i ‘Abdulloh ibn Ubay ibn Salul edi.

Therefore, they pretended to be Muslim when in reality they were full of hatred for Islam. They were also keen for ill fortune to befall the Prophet and his Companions. Their chief was ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul.

Madinada yahudiylarning jamoasi ham yashardi. Payg'ambar ﷺ Madinaga joylashganda, yahudiylarning harbiy va iqtisodiy mavqei hamda tashkiliy kuchi bor edi. Ular ham Payg'ambar ﷺ ga, uning diniga va izdoshlariga nisbatan nafrat bilan to'la edi. Bunday yahudiylarning mavjudligi munofiqlarga ruhlantirish bo'lib xizmat qildi: aslida ikki guruh Islomga va musulmonlarga bo'lgan nafratda birlashgan edi. Natijada ular musulmon jamoasini zaiflashtirish uchun fitna uyushtirar va har bir imkoniyatdan foydalanar edilar. Musulmon jamoasi qiyin ahvolga tushganda, ularning dushmanlari o'z adovatlarini yanada ochiq namoyon qilar edilar; musulmonlar yaxshi kunlarni boshdan kechirganda esa, ular yashirin harakatlarga va yovuz fitnalarga murojaat qilar edilar. Payg'ambar ﷺ ning Madinada turishining o'rtalarigacha bu ikki guruh Islom va musulmon jamoasi uchun haqiqiy xavf tug'dirib turdi.

Ulardan bir qismi sizga quloq soladi, ammo sizning huzuringizdan chiqishlari bilan ilm berilganlarga istehzo bilan: «U hozirgina nima dedi?» deb aytadilar. Ana shunday kishilarning qalblariga Alloh muhr bosgan va ular o'z havoyi nafslariga ergashgan kishilardir. (16-oyat)

Some of them listen to you, but no sooner do they leave your presence than they [scornfully] say to those endowed with knowledge: 'What is it that he said just now?’ Such are the ones whose hearts God has sealed, and who follow their desires. (Verse 16)

Bu iborada "ulardan ba'zilari" kofirlarga ishora qilishi mumkin, ular surahning birinchi oyatlarida muhokama qilingan edi. Bu holda munofiqlar kofirlar guruhi sifatida qaraladi, garchi ular haqiqiy holatlarini yashirsalar ham. Shu ma'noda surah ularning haqiqiy holatiga ishora qilmoqda. Boshqa tomondan, bu iborada musulmonlar nazarda tutilishi mumkin, chunki munofiqlar ularning jamoasiga qo'shilib, ularga mansub bo'lib ko'rinardi. Haqiqatan ham ularga musulmonlar kabi munosabatda bo'linardi, chunki Islom odamlar bilan ular o'zlarini nima deb e'lon qilsalar, shu asosda muomala qilishni talab qiladi. Ammo har ikki holatda ham ular, surahdagi ta'riflari va amallari ko'rsatganidek, munofiqlardir.

The phrase, 'some of them , may refer to the unbelievers who were the subject of discussion in the first passage of the surah. In this case, the hypocrites are considered as a group of unbelievers, although they conceal their reality. In this sense, the surah is referring to their true status. On the other hand, the phrase may refer to the Muslims, considering that the hypocrites were integrated with them, pretending to belong to their community. They were indeed treated as Muslims, as Islam requires us to deal with people on the basis of what they profess to be. In either case, however, they are hypocrites as their description in the surah and their deeds indicate.

Munofiqlarning Payg'ambar ﷺ dan eshitganlaridan keyin bergan savoli shuni ko'rsatadiki, ular Payg'ambarning gapiga e'tibor berayotgandek ko'rinishga harakat qilganlar, lekin ularning ongi beparvo, boshqa narsalar bilan band yoki hatto mutlaqo muhrlangan edi. Bu savol yashirin masxara ma'nosini ham anglatadi. Ular bilim egalariga murojaat qilib, eshitganlarining ma'nosini so'raganlari uchun, Muhammad ﷺ aytgan gaplar tushunarsiz edi, demoqchi bo'lganlar. Garchi unga e'tibor bergan bo'lsalar ham, ular uning ma'nosini baribir tushuna olmadilar. Bundan tashqari, bu savol Payg'ambar ﷺ aytgan har bir so'zga diqqat bilan quloq solib, uni to'liq tushunish va yodlash uchun harakat qilgan bilimli kishilarni masxara qilishni ham anglatadi, xuddi Payg'ambar sahobalari qilganidek. Shunday qilib, ochiq yoki yashirin masxara orqali bu munofiqlar ulardan Payg'ambarning so'zlarini takrorlashni so'radilar. Bularning barcha ehtimollarida yovuzlik, chuqur adovat va nafrat ko'rinadi: «Ana o'shalar — Alloh ularning dillariga muhr bosgan va o'z havoyi-nafslariga ergashgan kishilardir».

Sura hypocritlarning Xudo yo‘lidagi jihodga bo‘lgan munosabatini va ular jang musulmonlarga farz qilinganda qanday qo‘rqoqlik qilishlarini tasvirlaydi. U ularning jangning o‘zi haqidagi haqiqiy his-tuyg‘ularini fosh etadi va nifoqda davom etsalar, ularni nima kutayotganini bayon qiladi. U ularni ogohlantiradi: yuraklarini nifoqdan tozalashlari, Xudoga bo‘lgan javoblarida sadoqatli bo‘lishlari va samimiy niyat bilan musulmonlar safiga qo‘shilishlari kerak.

The surah describes the attitude of the hypocrites to fighting for Gods cause and their utter cowardice when it is made obligatory upon Muslims. It exposes their true feelings about the whole idea of fighting, and explains what awaits them if they persist with hypocrisy. It warns them that they have to purge their hearts of hypocrisy, be true in their response to God and join the Muslim ranks with sincerity of purpose:

Mo''minlar: "Keni bir sura nozil qilinsa edi!" deydilar. * Ammo aniq ma'noli bir sura nozil qilinib, unda jang haqida zikr etilganda, dillarida kasallik bor kishilar o'lim qo'rquvidan behush bo'lib qolgandek, sizga qarab turganlarini ko'rasiz. Ularga itoat va yaxshi so'z aytish afzalroqdir. Jang qat'iy belgilanganda esa, Allohga sidqidildan vafodor bo'lishlari ular uchun yaxshiroqdir. Endi yuz o'girsangiz, yer yuzida fasod tarqatib, qon-qarindoshlik aloqalaringizni uzishingiz kutilarmidi? Aynan shunday kishilarni Alloh la'natlagan, ularni kar va ko'r qilib qo'ygan. Ular Qur'onni tushunishga harakat qilmaydilarmi? Yoki dillarida qulflar bormi? (20-24-oyatlar)

The believers say: 'Would that a surah had been revealed. * Yet when a surah of clear import is revealed, and fighting is mentioned in it, you see those who are sick at heart staring at you like one who is about to faint for fear of death. Far better for them would be obedience and an appropriate word. Moreover, when fighting is decided upon, it is better for them to be true to God. If you turn away now, is it to be expected of you that you will spread corruption in the land and break your ties of kinship? It is such as these whom God rejects, leaving them deaf and blind. Will they not, then, try to understand the Quran? Or are there locks on their hearts? Verses 20-24)

Mo'minlar yangi sura nozil qilinishini istashlari, Qur'onni sevganliklari va uning har bir qismida ko'nglilariga yoqadigan, yuraklarini isitadigan narsani topganliklari uchun shunday deydilar. Yoki bu ibora ularning jihod va jang masalalarining ayrim jihatlari ularga bayon qilinishini xohlashlarini ko'rsatishi mumkin. Shuning uchun ular: "Keni, bir sura nozil bo'lsa edi", deydilar. (20-oyat)

The believers express their wishes for a new surah to be revealed because they love the Qur’an and find in every part of it something that appeals to them and warms their hearts. Alternatively, this expression may be indicative of their desire to have certain aspects of jihad and fighting outlined to them. Therefore they say: “Would that a surah had been revealed.” (Verse 20)

Sura keyin munofiqlarning iymonga yaqinlashgandan so‘ng undan yuz o‘girishlariga sabab bo‘lgan narsani ko‘rsatadi. Biz bunga sabab ular Madinadagi yahudiylar bilan til biriktirib, ularga yordam va ko‘mak berishni va’da qilganliklarini bilib olamiz:

The surah then shows the reason that made the hypocrites turn away from faith after having come close to it. We learn that this was because they conspired with the Jews of Madinah and promised them help and support:

Hidoyat ularga aniq bayon etilganidan keyin orqasiga o'girilganlarni shayton aldaydi va ularga bo'sh umidlar beradi. Buning sababi shuki, ular Alloh nozil qilgan narsalardan nafratlanuvchilarga: "Biz sizlarga ba'zi ishlarda itoat qilamiz", deydilar. Ammo Alloh ularning yashirin rejalarini biladi.

Those who turn their backs after guidance has been given to them are seduced by Satan who fills them with false hopes. That is because they say to those who abhor all that God has revealed, 'We will obey you in some matters, ’ but God knows all their secret schemes.

(Oyatlar 25-26)

(Verses 25-26)

Ushbu ikki oyatning birinchisi, munofiqlar Ilohiy hidoyatni tanib bo‘lgach, undan yuz o‘girib ketishlarining jismoniy tasvirini beradi. Bu tasvir ularning orqa o‘girib ketishini ko‘rsatadi. Bu hammasining ortida nima turganini aytadi: ularga shaytonning pichirlab, turli-tuman vasvasalarni keltirishi. Shunday qilib, biz ularning harakatini uning haqiqiy va tashqi ko‘rinishida ko‘ramiz. So‘ng sura nima uchun shaytonning ularning ustidan bunday kuchi borligini, ular haqiqatni bilganlaridan keyin ham haqiqatdan yuz o‘girishlarini izohlaydi: “Bu ularning Alloh nozil qilgan narsalardan nafratlanganlarga: «Biz sizlarga ba’zi ishlarda itoat qilamiz», deganlari uchundir” (26-oyat). Note: The original says "God", so per the rules I rendered it as "Ilohiy" and "Alloh" appears only inside the Qur'an verse quotation, which is the standard Uzbek rendering of the Qur'anic text. If you prefer, I can change the verse's divine name to "Xudo" to match the original's wording.

The first of these two verses gives a physical image of the hypocrites abandoning Divine guidance after they came to know it. It is an image which shows them turning their backs and going away. It tells of what lies behind all this: it is Satan whispering to them and delivering all manner of temptations. Thus we see their movement for what it is in reality and appearance. The surah then tells us why Satan has such power over them, making them turn their backs on the truth after they knew it: “ That is because they say to those who abhor all that God has revealed, 'We will obey you in some matters'(Verse 26)

Ushbu parchaning oxirida ular Olloh ularni Payg'ambar va musulmonlarga fosh etishi mumkinligi haqida ogohlantiriladi. Shunda ular hammaga o'zlarining haqiqiy kimligi bilan ma'lum bo'ladi: musulmonlar orasida yashovchi munofiqlar, ularga mansub ekanliklarini da'vo qilib, lekin ularga qarshi fitna uyushtirayotganlar.

At the end of this passage, they are warned that God may decide to expose them to the Prophet and the Muslims. They will then be known to all for what they really are: hypocrites living among Muslims, pretending to belong to them but conspiring against them:

Qalblarida kasallik bor kishilar, Alloh ularning hasadini hech qachon ochib tashlamaydi, deb o‘ylaydilarmi? Agar xohlaganimizda edi, ularni sizga ko‘rsatib qo‘yar edik, siz ularni belgilaridan tanir edingiz; lekin, albatta, ularni gap ohangidan tanib olasiz. Alloh sizlarning qilayotgan barcha ishlaringizni biladi. Albatta, biz sizlarni sinaymiz, kimlaringiz jihod qilib, sabr-bardoshli ekanligingizni bilib olish uchun; va sizlarning xabarlaringizni sinab ko‘ramiz.

Do those who are sick at heart assume that God will never bring their malice to light? Had We so willed, We could have pointed them out to you, and you would have recognized them by their marks; but you will most certainly recognize them by the tone of their speech. God knows all that you people do. Most certainly We shall put you to the proof to see who of you strive hard and remain firm; and We shall test the truth of your assertions. verses 29-31)

Munofiqlar o'zlarining haqiqatini yashirishda mohir ekanliklarini, shu tariqa musulmonlarga o'zlarini ularga o'xshash, haqiqiy mo'min sifatida ko'rsatishga muvaffaq bo'lganlarini o'ylar edilar. Bu sura ularning fikrlashining naqadar soddalik ekanini ko'rsatadi va ularning barcha kinoyalarini musulmonlarga ma'lum qiladigan fosh etilish bilan qo'rqitadi. Alloh O'z elchisiga shunday deydi: «Agar xohlasak, ularni sizga ko'rsatib qo'yar edik, siz ularni belgilaridan tanir edingiz» (30-oyat). Bu shuni anglatadiki, agar Alloh xohlasa, ularni Payg'ambarga ism-sharifi va mavqeyi bilan ko'rsatishi mumkin edi, shunda u ularni tashqi qiyofasidan tanir edi. Bu oyat, Alloh ulardan ba'zilarini unga ism bilan tanishtirmasidan avval nozil bo'lgan edi. Shunga qaramay, ularning gapirish usuli, so'zlar va ma'nolarni buzib talqin qilishlari hamda sizga murojaat qilish tarzi ularning munofiqligidan darak beradi: «Albatta, ularni gaplarining ohangidan tanib olasiz» (30-oyat). Shundan so'ng har bir amal va uning sabablarini Allohning bilishini ta'kidlovchi izoh keladi: «Alloh sizlarning qilayotgan ishlaringizni to'liq biladi» (30-oyat). Uning mukammal ilmidan hech narsa yashirin qolmaydi.

The hypocrites thought that they were adept in hiding their reality, making the Muslims think they were like them, true believers. The surah shows how naive their thinking is and threatens them with an exposure that makes all their grudges known to the Muslims. God says to His messenger: “Had We so willed. We could have pointed them out to you, and you would have recognized them by their marks” (Verse 30) This means that if God so wishes, He could point them out to the Prophet by name and position so he can recognize them from their features. This verse was revealed before God actually made some of them known to him by name. Nevertheless, the way they speak and their twisting of words and meanings, and the manner in which they address you tells you of their hypocrisy: “but you will most certainly recognize them by the tone of their speech.” (Verse 30) A comment is then added emphasizing Gods knowledge of every deed and its motives: “ God knows all that you people do” (Verse 30) Nothing escapes His perfect knowledge.