Mazmun, tasvirlar va mohiyat jihatidan bu sura, ayniqsa uning boshlanish qismi, Makkada nozil bo‘lgan suralarga juda o‘xshaydi. Darhaqiqat, Madinada nozil bo‘lgan suralarni xarakterlovchi umumiy ruh faqat uning oxirgi qismida namoyon bo‘la boshlaydi.

In subject matter, images and import, this surah is very similar to those revealed in Makkah, particularly in its opening section. Indeed, the overall atmosphere that characterizes the surahs revealed in Madinah begins to appear only in its concluding section.

Ushbu oyatlardan boshlab to mo'minlarga qaratilgan murojaatgacha, ya'ni 14-oyatgacha bo'lgan qism imon asoslarini qaror toptirish va islomiy tushunchani singdirishga qaratilgan. Makka surralarining uslubidan foydalangan holda, u kofirlarga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri murojaat qiladi va ularga o'z mavzusini bayon etadi. U ularni hayratga soluvchi va ruhiy ta'sir qiluvchi bir xil vositalardan foydalanadi, Allohning xabarlarini inkor etgan avvalgi ummatlarning halokati manzaralarini tasvirlaydi. Shuningdek, u Qiyomat kuni manzaralarini keltiradi va qayta tirilishni qat'iy tasdiqlaydi.

The verses from the beginning up to the direct address to the believers in verse 14 aim to establish the foundations of faith and to instil the Islamic concept. Employing the style of Makkan surahs, it addresses the unbelievers directly, presenting its theme to them. It uses the same universal and psychological effects and portrays images of the destruction of earlier communities that denied Gods messages. It also presents images of the Day of Judgement, emphatically confirming resurrection.

Bu shuni ko'rsatadiki, muxotablar bunga butunlay inkor qilganlar.

This indicates that the addressees denied it altogether.

So'nggi oyatlar, ya'ni 14-dan 18-gacha bo'lgan oyatlar mo'minlarga Madina davrida nozil bo'lgan suralardagiga o'xshash ohangda murojaat qilib, ularni Xudoning yo'lida mol-mulkini infoq qilishga chaqiradi hamda boylik va farzandlar sinovida muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchrashdan ogohlantiradi. Bunday murojaatlarni Madina davrining ko'plab suralarida uchratish mumkin, bunga sabab u yerdagi yangi shakllanayotgan musulmon jamoasi duch kelgan muammolardir. Ushbu murojaatda musulmonlarga har qanday orqaga chekinish, balo-qazo va og'irliklarga sabr bilan chidashlariga yordam beruvchi taskin beruvchi jihat ham bor; bularning hammasi Xudoning irodasiga bog'lanadi. Bu surralar aynan shu tushunchani tasdiqlashga intiladi, ayniqsa musulmon jamoasiga Xudoning yo'lida kurashish, bunga esa qurbonlik kiradi, degan amr berilganidan keyin.

The last verses, from 14 to 18, address the believers in a manner similar to that used in surahs revealed in Madlnah, urging them to spend their money in the service of Gods cause, and warning them against failure in the test that their riches and children represent. Similar addresses can be found in many surahs of the Madinah period, and this because of the problems faced by the fledgling Muslim community there. This address also includes a comforting aspect to help the Muslims bear with patience any reversals, calamities or burdens; all these are attributed to God’s will. This is the concept these surahs seek to confirm, particularly after the command given to the Muslim community to fight for Gods cause and what this involves of sacrifice.

Bir qator rivoyatlarga ko'ra, bu sura Makkada nozil bo'lgan, ammo ko'proq ishonchga loyiq bo'lgan boshqa rivoyatlarga ko'ra, u aslida Madinada nozil bo'lgan. Men uning dastlabki qismlarining uslubi va umumiy ruhiyatiga qarab, Makka nozil bo'lgan deb hisoblashga deyarli moyil edim. Ammo oxir-oqibat, ko'proq ustun bo'lgan qarashni, ya'ni uning Madinada nozil bo'lganini tan olishga qaror qildim. Uning dastlabki qismlarida Payg'ambar ﷺ Madinaga hijrat qilganlaridan keyin kofirlarga murojaat qilinishiga hech narsa to'sqinlik qilmaydi, bu kofirlar Makka aholisi bo'lsinmi yoki Madinaga yaqinroq yashovchi boshqalar bo'lsinmi. Shuningdek, Madina suralarida iymonning asoslari va Islomiy hayot tasavvurini, Makkada nozil bo'lgan narsalarda uchraydigan xuddi shu uslubda, ba'zan bayon qilinishini istisno qiladigan hech narsa yo'q.

Several reports suggest that this surah was revealed in Makkah, but other reports, given more weight, state that it was in fact a Madinan revelation. I almost leaned to the view that it was Makkan, because of the style of its earlier sections and its general ambience. Eventually, however, I decided to stick to the more preponderant view that its revelation was Madinan. There is nothing to preclude those earlier sections from addressing the unbelievers after the Prophets migration to Madinah, whether those unbelievers were the people of Makkah or others living closer to Madinah. Likewise, there is nothing to exclude the possibility that Madinan surahs should at times clarify the fundamentals of faith and the Islamic concept of life, using the same style that we find in what was revealed in Makkah.