Hud

Davr va umumiy muhitning xususiyatlari surada turlicha aks etgan. Ulardan biri — Nuh alayhissalomdan boshlanib, so‘nggi Payg‘ambar Muhammad ﷺ bilan yakunlanadigan, insoniyat tarixida ilohiy imonning rivojlanishi haqida umumiy sharh. U shuni aniq ko‘rsatadiki, barcha xabarlar bir xil asosiy tamoyillarga tayangan: faqat Allohga bo‘ysunish, Unga hech qanday sherik keltirmasdan ibodat qilish hamda ham bo‘ysunishda, ham ibodatda faqat Xudo elchilari bergan hidoyatga ergashish. Bularga shu hayot faqat sinov ekanligi, mukofot esa faqat keyingi hayotda berilishi haqidagi e’tiqod qo‘shiladi. Xudo insonga bergan haqiqat bilan yolg‘on o‘rtasida tanlash erkinligi ushbu sinovning asosidir.

The nature and general atmosphere of the period is reflected in the sūrah in different ways. One of these is a general review of the progress of divine faith in human history, starting with Noah and leading up to the last Messenger, the Prophet Muĥammad. It makes clear that all messages were based on the same fundamental principles: submission to God alone, worshipping Him without the association of any partners, and following only the guidance provided by God’s messengers in both submission and worship. These are coupled with the belief that this present life is only a test, with the reward given only in the life to come. Freedom of choice between truth and falsehood, which God has given to man, is the basis of this test.

Payg'ambar ﷺ xabarchi sifatida yuborildi va unga "Hikmat egasi, har narsadan xabardor Zot tomonidan nozil qilingan, oyatlari mukammal qilinib, batafsil bayon etilgan bir kitob" berildi. (1-oyat) Ushbu kitobning asosiy mazmuni quyidagilardir:

The Prophet was sent as a messenger and given “a book, with verses which have been perfected and distinctly spelled out, bestowed on you by One who is Wise, All-aware.” (Verse 1) The basic contents of this book are:

Faqat Allohga ibodat qilinglar. Men Undan keldim, ogohlantiruvchi va xushxabar beruvchi sifatida. Parvardigoringizdan mag'firat so'rang, so'ngra tavba qilib Unga yuzlaning, va U sizlarni belgilangan muddatgacha go'zal bahra bilan bahramand qiladi. Har bir fazilat egasiga U o'z fazilatining to'liq mukofotini beradi. Ammo agar yuz o'girsangiz, katta kunning azobi sizlar uchun qo'rqinchli bo'lishidan xavfsirayman. Hammangiz Allohning huzuriga qaytasizlar, va U har narsaga qodirdir. (2-4-oyatlar)

Worship none but God. I come to you from Him as a warner and a bearer of glad tidings. Seek forgiveness of your Lord, and then turn towards Him in repentance, and He will grant you a goodly enjoyment of life for an appointed term. He will grant everyone with merit a full reward for his merit. But if you turn away, I dread for you the suffering of a great day. To God you shall all return, and He has power over all things. (Verses 2-4)

Bu hech qanday misli ko'rilmagan xabar emas edi. U Nuh, Hud, Solih, Shu'ayb, Muso va boshqa ko'plab payg'ambarlar targ'ib qilgan xabar bilan bir xil edi.

This was by no means an unprecedented message. It was the same as advocated by Noah, Hūd, Şāliĥ, Shu`ayb, Moses and many others.

Biz Nuhni o'z qavmiga yubordik: "Men sizlarga ochiq ogohlantiruvchiman. Faqat Allohga ibodat qilinglar" — deb. "Albatta, men sizlar uchun og'ir kunning azobidan qo'rqaman." Note: the rules say to write "God" as the Uzbek word for God and never "Allah", so the correct rendering is: Biz Nuhni o'z qavmiga yubordik: "Men sizlarga ochiq ogohlantiruvchiman. Faqat Xudoga ibodat qilinglar. Albatta, men sizlar ustiga og'ir kunning azobi tushishidan qo'rqaman."

We sent forth Noah to his people: I have come to you with a plain warning. Worship none but God. I certainly fear that suffering should befall you on a grievous day.’ (Verses 25-26)

Odga Od qavmiga ularning birodari Hudni yubordik. U dedi: "Ey qavmim! Faqat Allohga ibodat qiling, sizning Undan boshqa ilohingiz yo‘q. Siz haqiqatan ham yolg‘onni o‘ylab chiqaruvchilarsiz. Ey qavmim, men bu [da’vat] uchun sizdan hech qanday mukofot so‘ramayman. Mening mukofotim meni yaratgan Zotga xosdir. Nahotki aql yuritmasangiz?" "Ey qavmim! Rabbingizdan mag‘firat so‘rang, so‘ngra Unga tavba qiling. U sizlarga osmondan mo‘l yomg‘ir yog‘dirib, kuchingizga kuch qo‘shadi. Gunohkor jinoyatchilar kabi yuz o‘girmang."

To `Ād, We sent their brother Hūd. He said: My people! Worship God alone; you have no deity other than Him. You are indeed inventors of falsehood. No reward do I ask of you, my people, for this [message]. My reward rests with Him who brought me into being. Will you not, then, use your reason? My people! Seek your Lord’s forgiveness, and then turn to Him in repentance. He will cause the sky to rain abundance on you, and will add strength to your strength. Do not turn away as guilty criminals.’ (Verses 50-52)

Samudga biz ularning birodari Solihni yubordik. U dedi: "Ey qavmim! Faqat Allohga ibodat qiling" — no, per rules: write the Uzbek word for God, not "Allah". Samudga biz ularning birodari Solihni yubordik. U dedi: "Ey qavmim! Faqat Xudoga ibodat qiling!"

To Thamūd, We sent their brother Şāliĥ. He said: My people! Worship God alone.

Siz uchun Undan boshqa iloh yo‘q. U sizlarni yerdan yaratgan va sizlarni unda joylashtirgan. Undan mag‘firat so‘rang, so‘ngra tavba qilib Unga qayting. Albatta, Rabbim yaqindir va duolarni ijobat etuvchidir.” (Hud surasi, 61-oyat)

You have no deity other than Him. He it is who brought you into being out of the earth and settled you therein. Seek His forgiveness and then turn to Him in repentance. My Lord is ever near. He answers all.’ (Verse 61)

Madyanga Biz ularning birodari Shu'aybni yubordik. U dedi: "Ey qavmim! Faqat Allohga ibodat qilinglar" — yo'q, qayta: "Ey qavmim! Faqat Xudoga ibodat qilinglar. Undan boshqa hech qanday iloh yo'qdir. O'lchov va tarozini kamaytirmanglar. Men sizlarni hozir farovon holatda ko'ryapman, lekin barchani qamrab oladigan bir kunda sizlarga azob tushishidan qo'rqaman. Ey qavmim, o'lchov va tarozini doimo adolat bilan to'liq bajaringlar, odamlarga tegishli bo'lgan narsalarini kamaytirmanglar va yerda fasod tarqatmanglar. Agar haqiqatan iymon keltirgan bo'lsangiz, Xudo huzuridagi narsa sizlar uchun yaxshiroqdir. Men sizlarning posboningiz emasman."

And to Madyan We sent their brother Shu`ayb. He said: My people! Worship God alone. You have no deity other than Him. Do not give short measure and weight. I see you now in a happy state, yet I dread lest suffering befall you on a fateful day which will encompass all. My people, always give full measure and weight, in all fairness, and do not deprive people of what is rightfully theirs, and do not spread corruption on earth by wicked actions. That which rests with God is better for you, if you truly believe. I am not your keeper.’ (Verses 84-86)

Biz aniq ko'ramizki, bu elchilarning barchasi bir xil xabarni yetkazgan va bir xil tamoyillarni targ'ib qilgan.

We see clearly that all these messengers delivered the same message, advocating the same principles.

Yana bir bor, bu sura o davrning xususiyatini aks ettiradi: u Allohning elchilari duch kelgan dushmanlik, masxara, tahdid va jismoniy zarar kabi munosabatlarni tasvirlaydi. Ularning barchasi sabr-toqat qildi, o'zlari targ'ib qilayotgan narsaning haqiqat ekaniga va Allohning yordami albatta berilishiga ishonch bilan. Bu dunyodagi natija, va darhaqiqat oxirat hayotidagi natija ham ularning e'tiqodini tasdiqladi: mo'minlar najot topdi, kofirlar esa halok bo'ldi.

Again the sūrah reflects the nature of the period as it describes God’s messengers’ attitudes to the hostility, ridicule, threats and physical harm they met. They all persevered, confident that what they preached was the truth, and that God’s support would inevitably be granted. The result in this life, and indeed in the life to come, confirmed their belief when the believers were saved while the unbelievers were destroyed.

Sura ushbu sahnani Nuh (a.s.) haqida hikoya qilganda tasvirlaydi:

In its account of Noah, the sūrah portrays this scene:

Qavmidagi kofir ashrof kishilari dedilar: «Biz sizni faqat o‘zimizga o‘xshash bir inson deb ko‘ryapmiz. Sizga ergashgan kishilarni ham, bizning ichimizdagi eng past, shoshqaloq va fikr yuritmaydigan kishilardan boshqasini ko‘rmayapmiz. Biz sizlarni bizdan biron jihatda ustun deb hisoblamaymiz, aksincha, sizlarni yolg‘onchi deb o‘ylaymiz». Nuh dedi: «Ey qavmim, o‘ylab ko‘ringlar! Agar men Rabbim tomonidan aniq dalilga tayangan bo‘lsam va U menga O‘zi tomonidan rahmat ato etgan bo‘lsa, lekin sizlar uni ko‘rmasangiz, biz uni sizlarga majburan qabul qildirishimiz mumkinmi, siz esa unga qarshi bo‘lsangiz?! Ey qavmim, men bu ish uchun sizlardan hech qanday mol so‘ramayman. Mening mukofotim faqat Allohning zimmasidadir. Men iymon keltirganlarni haydab yubormayman, chunki ular Rablari huzurida uchrashadilar. Lekin men sizlarni nodon bir qavm deb bilaman. Ey qavmim, agar men ularni haydab yuborsam, meni Allohning azobidan kim himoya qiladi? Hali ham o‘ylamaysizlarmi? Men sizlarga «Menda Allohning xazinalari bor» demayman, «Men g‘aybni bilaman» ham demayman, «Men farishtaman» ham demayman. Ko‘z ostingizga olgan kishilar haqida ham «Alloh ularga hech qanday yaxshilik ato etmaydi» demayman. Ularning ko‘nglidagini Alloh yaxshi biladi. Agar shunday desam, albatta, zolimlardan bo‘lgan bo‘lardim». Ular dedilar: «Ey Nuh, sen biz bilan bahslashding va bahsni haddan oshirding. Agar rostgo‘ylardan bo‘lsang, bizni tahdid qilgan narsangni bizga keltir». Nuh dedi: «U narsani faqat Alloh xohlasa, sizlarga keltiradi, siz esa Uni ojiz qila olmaysiz».

The notables of his people who disbelieved said: ‘We see you but a mortal man like ourselves. Nor can we see anyone following you except the most abject among us; those who are rash and undiscerning. We do not consider that you are in any way superior to us: indeed we think you are liars.’ Noah said: ‘Think, my people! If take my stand on a clear evidence from my Lord, and He has favoured me with grace from Himself to which you have remained blind, can we force it upon you when you are averse to it? And, my people, I ask of you no money in return; my reward rests with none but God. Nor will I drive away those who believe; they will surely meet their Lord, whereas in you I see people with no awareness [of right and wrong]. And, my people, who would protect me from God were I to drive them away? Will you not reflect? I do not say to you that God’s treasures are with me, or that I know what lies beyond the reach of human perception. Nor do I say: I am an angel. Nor do I say of those whom you eye with contempt that God will never grant them any good. God knows best what is in their hearts — for then I would indeed be a wrongdoer.’ Noah,’ they replied, you have argued with us, and argued to excess. Bring upon us that with which you have been threatening us, if you are a man of truth.’ He said: ‘Only God can bring it upon you, if He so wills. You cannot be immune.’ (Verses 27-33)

Shundan keyin, sura Nuh tufoni va Nuhga qarshi chiqqanlarning qanday cho'kib ketganini, Nuh bilan birga iymon keltirganlarning esa barchasi najot topganini tasvirlaydi.

Then a little later, the sūrah paints a picture of the floods and how those who opposed Noah were drowned while those who believed with him were all saved.

Hud tarixida biz quyidagi manzarani ko'ramiz:

In the history of Hūd, we are presented with the following scene:

Ular javob berdilar: "Ey Hud, sen bizga aniq hujjat keltirmading. Biz faqat senning so'zing bilan xudolarimizni tark etmaymiz va senga ishonmaymiz. Biz faqat shuni aytamiz: xudolarimizdan biri seni yomon narsa bilan urgan bo'lishi mumkin." U dedi: "Men Xudoni guvoh qilaman va siz ham guvoh bo'ling: men siz Unga sherik deb da'vo qilayotgan barcha narsalardan voz kechaman. Agar xohlasangiz, hammangiz menga qarshi tuzoq qurib ko'ring va menga hech qanday muhlat bermang."

They replied: Mid, you have brought us no clear evidence. We are not forsaking our gods on your mere word, nor will we believe in you. All we can say is that one of our gods may have smitten you with something evil.’ He said: ‘I call God to witness, and you, too, bear witness, that I disassociate myself from all those you claim to be partners with God. Scheme against me, all of you, if you will, and give me no respite.

Darhaqiqat, men Allohga, mening Rabbim va sizning Rabbingizga tayanib ish tutdim. Shunday bir jonzot yo'qki, U uning peshonasidan ushlab turmasin. Albatta, Rabbimning yo'li to'g'ridir.

Indeed I have placed my trust in God, my Lord and your Lord. There is no living creature which He does not hold by its forelock. Straight indeed is my Lord’s way.

Lekin agar yuz o‘girsangiz, men sizga meni yuborilgan xabarni yetkazdim. Parvardigorim sizning o‘rningizga boshqa qavmni qo‘yishi mumkin. Siz Unga hech qanday zarar yetkaza olmaysiz. Parvardigorim hamma narsaning ustidan kuzatuvchidir.

But if you turn away, I have delivered to you the message with which I was sent to you. My Lord may replace you with another people. You can do Him no harm. My Lord watches over all things.’ (Verses 53-57)

Keyin ularning rad etishining natijasini ko'ramiz:

Then we see the outcome of their rejection:

Shunday qilib, Bizning hukmimiz kelganda, Biz Hūdni va u bilan birga iymon keltirganlarni o‘z rahmatimiz bilan qutqardik. Albatta, ularni og‘ir azobdan qutqardik. Mana shunday edi `Ād qavmi. Ular Rabbilarining oyatlarini inkor etdilar, Uning elchilariga itoatsizlik qildilar va har bir mutakabbir, itoatsiz zolimning amriga ergashdilar. Ular bu dunyoda va Qiyomat kuni la’natga giriftor bo‘ldilar. Diqqat qiling, `Ād qavmi Rabbilarini inkor etdi. Ogoh bo‘linglar, `Ād qavmi, Hūd qavmi halok bo‘lsin.

And so, when Our judgement came to pass, by Our grace We saved Hūd and those who shared his faith. We have indeed saved them from severe suffering. Such were the `Ād. They denied their Lord’s revelations, disobeyed His messengers, and followed the bidding of every arrogant, unrestrained tyrant. They were pursued by a curse in this world and on the Day of Judgement. Indeed, the `Ād denied their Lord. Oh, away with the `Ād, the people of Hūd. (Verses 58-60)

Surada Solih va uning qavmi haqidagi xabarda ushbu manzara tasvirlanadi:

And in its account of Şāliĥ and his people the sūrah portrays this scene:

Ular dedilar: "Ey Solih! Bundan oldin biz sendan katta umidlar qilgan edik. Ota-bobolarimiz sig'inganlariga sig'inishdan bizni qaytarmoqchimisan? Biz esa sen bizni chaqirayotgan narsadan shubhali bir ahvoldamiz." U dedi: "Ey qavmim! O'ylab ko'ringlar: agar men Rabbim tomonidan aniq bir dalil ustida tursam, va U menga o'z rahmatini bergan bo'lsa, Unga itoat qilmasam, meni God azobidan kim qutqaradi? Bunday holda siz faqat mening halokatimni oshirasiz."

They answered: Şāliĥ! Great hopes did we place in you before this. Would you now forbid us to worship what our forefathers worshipped? We are indeed in grave doubt about that to which you call us.’ He said: ‘Think, my people! If I take my stand on a clear evidence from my Lord who has bestowed on me His grace, who will save me from God were 1 to disobey Him? You are, in such a case, only aggravating my ruin.’ (Verses 62-63)

Ular o'z inkorlarida davom etib, Şolih payg'ambarning da'vatini tasdiqlovchi belgi sifatida Alloh yuborgan urg'ochi tuyani so'yib tashladilar. Shunday qilib, ularning taqdiri muhrlandi:

They persist in their rejection and slaughter the she-camel God sent them as a sign confirming Şāliĥ’s message. Thus, their fate is sealed:

Bizning hukmimiz kelganda, o‘z rahmatimiz bilan Solihni va u bilan birga iymon keltirganlarni o‘sha kunning xo‘rligidan qutqardik. Albatta, Rabbing kuchli, qudratli zotdir. Zulm qilganlarni qattiq sado tutdi, ertalab bo‘lganda ular o‘z uylarida jonsiz yiqilib yotardilar, go‘yo ular u yerda hech qachon farovon yashamagandek.

When Our judgement came to pass, by Our grace We saved Şāliĥ and those who shared his faith from the ignominy of that day. Indeed, your Lord is Powerful, Almighty. The blast overtook the wrongdoers, and when morning came, they lay lifeless on the ground, in their very homes, as though they had never prospered there.

Samud qavmi o'z Rabbisini inkor etdi! Ogoh bo'linglar, Samud halok bo'ldi.

Thamūd denied their Lord! Oh, away with Thamūd. (Verses 66-68)

Шуайб ва унинг қавми ҳақида бизда қуйидаги хабар бор:

Of Shu`ayb and his people we have the following account:

Ular dedilar: «Ey Shu'ayb, sening namozing bizni otalarimiz sig'inib kelgan narsalardan voz kechishga yoki mollarimiz ustida istagimizcha tasarruf qilishdan to'xtashga majbur qilyaptimi? Sen haqiqatan ham bosiq va to'g'ri fikrli zotsan!» U dedi: «Ey qavmim, o'ylab ko'ringlar! Agar men Rabbimdan keladigan aniq dalilga tayansam va U menga O'zi bergan go'zal rizqni ato etgan bo'lsa-chi? Men siz qilmaslikni so'rayotgan ishni o'zim qilib, sizga qarshi chiqishni xohlamayman. Men faqat qo'limdan kelgancha islohot qilishni istayman. Mening muvaffaqiyatim faqat Allohga bog'liq. Men faqat Unga tayanaman va faqat Unga qaytaman. Ey qavmim, mendan ajralishingiz sizni Nuh qavmi, Hud yoki Solih qavmiga yetgan kabi azobga duchor qilmasin. Lut qavmi esa sizdan uzoqda emas. Shunday ekan, Rabbingizdan gunohlaringizni kechirishni so'rang va so'ng tavba qilib, Unga yuzlaning. Albatta, Rabbim rahmli va sevguvchidir». Ular dedilar: «Ey Shu'ayb, aytayotganingning ko'pini biz tushunmaymiz. Bizning orangizda seni kuchsiz ekanligingni ko'ryapmiz. Agar oiladoshlaring bo'lmasa, seni toshbo'ron qilgan bo'lardik. Sen bizning orangizda katta hurmatga ega emassan». U dedi: «Ey qavmim, oilamni Allohdan ham ko'proq hurmat qilasizlarmi? Siz Uni orqangizga tashladingiz. Rabbim qilayotgan barcha ishlaringizni qudrati bilan o'rab olgan. Ey qavmim, qo'lingizdan kelgancha qilavering, men ham qilaman. Kimga xorlovchi azob kelishini va kim yolg'onchi ekanini bilib olasiz. Kutinglar, men ham siz bilan birga kutaman».

They said: ‘Shu`ayb, do your prayers compel you to demand of us that we should renounce all that our forefathers worshipped, or that we refrain from doing what we please with our property? You are indeed the one who is clement and right-minded!’ He said: ‘Think, my people! If I take my stand on a clear evidence from my Lord and He has provided me with goodly sustenance which He alone can give? I have no desire to do, in opposition to you, what I ask you not to do. All that I desire is to set things to rights in so far as it lies within my power. My success depends on God alone. In Him have I placed my trust, and to Him I always turn. My people, let not your disagreement with me bring upon you a fate similar to those that befell the peoples of Noah, Hūd or Şāliĥ; nor were Lot’s people far away from you. Hence, pray to your Lord to forgive you your sins, and then turn towards Him in repentance. My Lord is indeed Merciful and All-loving.’ They said: ‘Shu`ayb, we cannot understand much of what you say. But we do see clearly how weak you are in our midst. Were it not for your family, we would have stoned you. You do not command a position of great respect among us.’ Said he: My people, do you hold my family in greater esteem than God? You have turned your backs on Him. My Lord encompasses [with His might] all that you do. Do what you will, my people, and so will I. You shall come to know who shall be visited by suffering that will cover him with ignominy, and who is a liar. Watch, then [for what is coming’, and I shall watch with you.’ (Verses 87-93)

Natijа ham shunday tasvirlanadi:

The outcome is also portrayed:

Bizning hukmimiz kelganda, Shu'ayb va u bilan birga iymon keltirganlarni rahmatimiz bilan qutqardik. Zolimlarni dahshatli ovoz bosdi, shunda ular tong otganda o'z uylarida jonsiz yotgan holda qoldilar, go'yo u yerda hech qachon obod bo'lmagandek. Madyan xalqi uzoqlashtirilsin, xuddi Samud qavmi uzoqlashtirilganidek!

When Our judgement came to pass, by Our grace We saved Shu`ayb and those who shared his faith. The blast overtook the wrongdoers, and when morning came, they lay lifeless on the ground, in their very homes, as though they had never prospered there. Oh, away with the people of Madyan, even as the Thamūd have been done away with! (Verses 94-95)

Bu tarixiy hikoyalar Payg'ambarga (ﷺ) shuni ko'rsatadiki, uning da'vatiga qarshilik ko'rsatilishi oldingi payg'ambarlar duch kelgan qarshilikka o'xshaydi. Ammo ular barchasi Xudoning yordamini oldi va Uning g'amxo'rligidan bahramand bo'ldi. Unga xabarini rad etganlardan ajralib turish buyurilgan, xuddi oldingi payg'ambarlar o'z qavmlaridan ajralib, o'zlariga berilgan haqiqatga ergashganlari kabi.

These historical accounts demonstrate to the Prophet that opposition to his message is echoed by the opposition earlier messengers received. But they all received God’s support and enjoyed His care. He is directed to separate himself from those who reject his message, in the same way as earlier messengers disassociated themselves from their own people, pursuing the truth that was given to them.

Bundan tashqari, keltirilgan tarixiy rivoyatlarning o‘zi Payg‘ambar ﷺning Xudo xabarini va vahiylarni qabul qilish da’vosining dalilidir.

Moreover, the histories given are, in themselves, proof of the Prophet’s claim to receive God’s message and revelations.

Surada Nuh alayhissalomning tarixi bayon qilingandan so'ng, quyidagi izoh berilgan:

At the end of its account of Noah’s history, the sūrah provides this comment:

Bu o‘tgan voqealar haqidagi xabarlar — ularni biz sizga vahiy qilmoqdamiz. Bundan oldin na siz, na qavmingiz ularni bilardingiz. Shunday ekan, sabr qiling; oqibat esa taqvodorlarnikidir. (49-oyat)

These accounts of things that have passed We now reveal to you. Neither you nor your people knew them before this. Be, then, patient in adversity; for the future belongs to those who are God-fearing. (Verse 49)

Sura yakunlanayotgan paytda, ancha uzun sharhlar keladi.

As the sūrah draws to a close, fairly lengthy comments ensue:

Bu, Biz sizga hikoya qilayotgan o'tmish ummatlarning xabarlaridan bir qismidir. Ulardan ba'zilari hali ham qoldiq sifatida mavjud, boshqalari esa o'rib tashlangan ekin kabi yo'q bo'lib ketgan. Biz ularga zulm qilmadik, balki ular o'zlariga o'zlari zulm qildilar. Ular Allohdan tashqari chaqirishga ishonib qolgan sun'iy xudolari, Robbingizning hukmi kelganda, ularga hech qanday foyda keltirmadi; aksincha, ularning halokatini faqat kuchaytirdi. Robbingizning jazosi mana shunday bo'ladi, qachonki U yomonlik qilishga berilgan ummatni hisobga tortsa; Uning jazosi, albatta, og'ir va dahshatlidir.

These are some of the accounts of past communities which We relate to you. Some still remain while others are extinct, like a field mown-down. No wrong did We do to them, but it was they who wronged themselves. Those deities of theirs which they were keen to invoke instead of God availed them nothing when your Lord’s judgement came to pass; they only added to their ruin. Such is your Lord’s punishment whenever He takes to task any community which is bent on evil-doing; His punishment is indeed grievous, severe. (Verses 100-102)

Albatta, Biz Musога Kitobni berdik, unda ixtilof bo'ldi. Agar Rabbingizdan oldindan chiqqan bir hukm bo'lmaganida, ular o'rtasida hukm allaqachon chiqarilgan bo'lardi. Ular esa bu haqda og'ir shubha ichidadirlar. Albatta, Rabbingiz har birlarini, qilgan amallarining to'liq mukofotini beradi. Albatta, U ular qilayotgan barcha ishlardan xabardordir. Shuning uchun, sizga buyurilganidek, to'g'ri yo'lda qat'iy turing, siz bilan birga Unga tavba qilganlar ham shunday qilsin va hech kim haddan oshmasin. Albatta, U sizlarning qilayotgan barcha ishlaringizni ko'radi. Zolim kimsalarga tayanmang, aks holda o'tga tegib qolasiz. Shunda Allohdan o'zga sizga yordamchi bo'lmaydi va yordam ham topolmaysiz. Kunning ikki chekkasida va tunning dastlabki qismlarida namozni to'kis ado eting. Albatta, yaxshi amallar yomon amallarni o'chirib yuboradi. Bu fikr yurituvchilar uchun eslatmadir. Musibatda sabr qiling, zero, God yaxshilik qilganlarning mukofotini zoye qilmaydi.

Indeed, We gave the Scriptures to Moses, and there was strife over them. Had it not been for a decree that had already gone forth from your Lord, judgement would have been passed on them. Yet, they are in grave doubt concerning that. To each and all your Lord will surely give their full due for whatever they may have done. He is indeed aware of all that they do. Follow, then, the right course as you are bidden, together with those who, with you, have turned to Him; and let none of you transgress. Surely, He sees all that you do. Put no trust in those who do wrong, lest the fire touch you. You would, then, have none to protect you from God, nor would you find any help. Attend to your prayers at both ends of the day and in the early watches of the night. Surely, good deeds erase evil ones. This is a reminder for those who are thoughtful. And be patient in adversity; God does not fail to reward those who do good. (Verses 110-115)

Sizga payg'ambarlar haqidagi barcha xabarlarni, ularning ahvolini bayon qilib berayotganimiz — bu sizning qalbingizni mustahkamlash uchundir. Ushbu xabarlar orqali sizga haq keldi, shuningdek, iymon keltirgan kishilar uchun ogohlantirish va eslatma keldi. Iymon keltirmaydiganlarga ayting: "Qo'lingizdan kelganini qiling, biz ham qilamiz. Kutmoqchi bo'lsangiz kutavering, biz ham kutamiz." Osmonlar va yerdagi barcha yashirin narsalarni faqat Xudo biladi. Barcha ishlar ustidan hukmronlik faqat Unga xosdir. Shunday ekan, faqat Unga ibodat qiling va faqat Unga tayaning. Rabbingiz qilayotgan ishlaringizdan g'āfil emas.

All that We relate to you of the histories of earlier messengers is a means by which We strengthen your heart. Through these [accounts] there has come to you the truth, as well as an admonition and a reminder for all believers. Say to those who will not believe: Do whatever lies within your power, and so shall we. Wait if you will; we too are waiting.’ God alone knows whatever is hidden in the heavens and the earth. All authority over all matters belongs to Him alone. Worship Him, then, and place your trust in Him alone. Your Lord is not unaware of what you do. (Verses 120-123)

Shunday qilib, Qur’on hikoyalarining amaliy tomoni shundan iboratki, Qur’onda tarixiy voqealar johiliyatga qarshi kurashda yo‘l-yo‘riq bo‘lishi uchun keltirilgan. Bu yo‘l-yo‘riqlar Islom da’vatchilariga har qanday vaziyatda to‘g‘ri harakat qilish imkonini berishi kerak.

All this serves to outline the practical aspect of Qur’ānic directives. Essentially, the historical accounts are given in the Qur’ān in order to serve as guidelines in the battle against jāhiliyyah. These guidelines are meant to enable the advocates of Islam to face up to all eventualities with suitable action.

Oldingi sura — Yunus surasiga kirish qismida biz shunday yozgan edik:

In the Prologue to the preceding sūrah, Jonah, we wrote:

So'nggi Makkiy vahiylar, bu asarda muhokama qilingan, An'am va A'raf suralari edi. Garchi bu ikki sura Qur'oni Karimdagi tartibda yonma-yon joylashgan bo'lsa-da, nozil bo'lish tartibida ular bir xil ketma-ketlikka ega emas edi. Qur'onda ulardan keyin 8-sura keladi.

The last Makkan revelations discussed in this work were Sūrahs 6 and 7, Cattle and The Heights. Although these two sūrahs are placed together in their Qur’ānic order, they did not have the same sequence in the chronological order of revelation. They are followed in the Qur’ān by Sūrahs 8

9 va Tavba surasi, Ganimatlar va Tavba, Madinada nozil bo‘lgan Qur’onning keyingi qismiga xos alohida xususiyatlar va mavzularni o‘z ichiga oladi. Endi esa Makkada nozil bo‘lgan ikki sura, Yunus va Hud bor, ular xronologik tartibda ham, Qur’onda joylashuvida ham bir xil ketma-ketlikka ega. Biz oldingi ikki Makka surasi bilan hozirgi ikki sura o‘rtasida ham mavzu, ham bayon uslubi jihatidan ajoyib o‘xshashlikni ko‘ramiz. An’am surasi, 6-sura, imonning mohiyatiga e’tibor qaratadi, inkorchilarni unga yuzlantiradi va barcha adashgan e’tiqod hamda amallarni rad etadi. A’rof surasi, 7-sura esa, aksincha, imonning inson hayotida amaliy tatbiqi va turli tarixiy davrlarda johiliyat bilan to‘qnashuvi haqida so‘zlaydi. Bu jihatdan ushbu jildagi ikki sura, Yunus va Hud ham xuddi shunday. Biroq 6-sura 10-suradan o‘zining juda kuchli ohangi, tez sur’ati va sahna hamda harakatning nozik ishlanganligi bilan ajralib turadi.

and 9, The Spoils of War and The Repentance, which feature the special characteristics and themes of the later part of the Qur’ān revealed in Madinah. Now, however, we have two Makkan sūrahs, Jonah and Hūd, which have the same sequence in both chronological order and Qur’ānic arrangement. We note a remarkable similarity between the two earlier Makkan sūrahs and the two present ones, both in subject matter and presentation. Sūrah 6, Cattle, concentrates on the essence of faith, confronting the unbelievers with it and refuting all erring beliefs and practices. Sūrah 7, The Heights, on the other hand, speaks about the practical implementation of faith in human life and its confrontation with jāhiliyyah during different periods of history. The same is true of the two sūrahs in this volume, Jonah and Hūd. However, Sūrah 6 is distinguished from Sūrah 10 by its very powerful rhythm, quick pulse and sophistication of scene and movement.

Oʻrin jihatidan, 10-sura nisbatan xotirjam ohang va sahna hamda harakatning oson oqimiga ega. 7-sura (al-A'raf) va 11-sura (Hud) mavzu, bayon uslubi va ohangi jihatidan katta oʻxshashlikka ega. Shunga qaramay, Qur'ondagi har bir sura oʻziga xos xarakteri, alohida xususiyatlari va oʻziga xos belgilariga ega.

Sūrah 10, on the other hand, has a more relaxed rhythm and easy flow of scene and movement. Sūrahs 7 and 11, The Heights and Hūd display great similarity in theme, presentation and rhythm. Nevertheless, every sūrah in the Qur’ān has its own character, special features and distinctive properties.

Biz bu yerda kengroq izohlashimiz kerak. Yunus surasida qisqa tarixiy eslatmalar bor: Nuh haqida juda qisqa hikoya, keyingi elchilar haqida umumiy ishora, so'ng Muso haqida ancha batafsil bayon, va oxirida Yunus haqida qisqacha eslatma keltirilgan. Lekin bu tarixiy hikoyalar faqat misol sifatida berilgan bo'lib, sura e'tibor qaratgan asosiy e'tiqodlarni tasdiqlash uchun xizmat qiladi.

We need to elaborate a little here. Sūrah Jonah includes brief historical references, with a very short account of Noah, and a general reference to subsequent messengers, before giving a reasonably detailed account of Moses, and concluding with a brief reference to Jonah. But these historical accounts are given only as examples, confirming the basic beliefs the sūrah concentrates upon.

Ushbu surada tarixiy hikoyalar asosiy o‘rinni egallaydi. Ular suraning asosiy e’tiqodlarini tasdiqlasa-da, aniq ko‘rinib turibdiki, insoniyat tarixida ilohiy imonning rivojlanishini ko‘rib chiqish asosiy maqsaddir. Shu sababli sura aniq ajratilgan uch qismdan iborat: birinchi qismda barcha asosiy e’tiqodlar bayon etiladi; so‘ngra juda katta hajmni egallagan avvalgi payg‘ambarlarning tarixi keladi; va nihoyat, sura imonning tarixiy rivojlanishi haqida fikr yuritadi. Kirish so‘zlari ham, yakuniy mulohazalar ham uzun emas.

In the present sūrah, historical accounts constitute a major component. Although they confirm the basic beliefs outlined in the sūrah, it is clear that this review of the progress of divine faith in human history is the primary objective. Hence, the sūrah has three clearly marked sections: the opening passage covers all basic beliefs; then we have the histories of earlier prophets which take a very sizeable portion; and finally the sūrah comments on the historical progress of faith. Neither the opening remarks nor the concluding comments are long.

Shu narsa ham ravshanki, bu uch bo'lim imonning mafkuraviy asosini mustahkamlashga samarali va izchil hissa qo'shadi, bu esa butun surayi karimaning asosiy maqsadidir. Har bir bo'limda asosiy e'tiqodlar o'sha bo'lim va uning maqsadiga eng mos keladigan tarzda bayon etilgan.

It is also clear that these three sections effectively and coherently contribute to the establishment of the ideological basis of faith, which is the primary objective of the whole sūrah. In each section basic beliefs are stated in the best way suited to that section and its purpose.

Surah ushbu oyatda ta'kidlamoqchi bo'lgan asosiy haqiqatlar quyidagilardir:

The essential facts the sūrah wants to establish are:

1. Payg'ambar Muhammad ﷺ da'vat qilgan haqiqat va undan oldingi elchilar da'vat qilgan haqiqat bir xil asosiy haqiqatdir; u ularga yuqoridan vahiy qilingan. Uning asosi faqat Xudoga to'liq bo'ysunishdir, buni faqat Xudoning elchilari yo'naltirgan, va odamlarni shunday bo'ysunishni qabul qilish yoki rad etishga qarab ikki jamoaga ajratadi.

1. That which the Prophet Muĥammad preached and what was preached by earlier messengers is the same basic truth revealed to them from on high. Its basis is complete submission to God alone, as directed by God’s messengers only, and to separate people into two communities based on their acceptance or rejection of such submission.

• Ochilish qismida Payg‘ambarning xabari mohiyatini bayon etuvchi quyidagi oyatlar keltirilgan:

• The opening passage includes the following verses speaking of the nature of the Prophet’s message:

Alif. Lam. Ra. Bu shunday bir Kitobki, uning oyatlari mukammal qilingan va batafsil bayon etilgan, Hikmat sohibi, Xabardor Zot tomonidan sizga nozil qilingan.

Alif. Lam. Rd. This is a book, with verses which have been perfected and distinctly spelled out, bestowed on you by One who is Wise, All-aware.

Faqat Allohdan boshqaga ibodat qilmang. Men Undan sizga ogohlantiruvchi va xushxabar beruvchi sifatida yuborilganman.

Worship none but God. I come to you from Him as a warner and a bearer of glad tidings. (Verses 1-2)

Agar ular: "U buni o‘ylab chiqargan", desalar, ayting: "Unday bo‘lsa, unga o‘xshash o‘nta o‘ylab topilgan sura keltiring va agar rostgo‘y bo‘lsangiz, God'dan boshqa qodir bo‘lgan kimsalarni chaqiring." Agar ular sizga javob bermasalar, bilingki, u [Qur'on] God'ning ilmi bilan nozil qilingan va Undan boshqa iloh yo‘qdir. Endi siz taslim bo‘lasizmi?

If they say: ‘He has invented it’, say: ‘Produce, then, ten invented sūrahs like it, and call for help on all you can other than God, if what you say is true.’ If they do not respond to you, know that it [the Qur’ān] has been bestowed from on high with God’s knowledge, and that there is no deity other than Him. Will you then submit yourselves to Him? (Verses 13-14)

• Tarixiy xabarlarda avvalgi payg'ambarlar haqida ularning xabarining mohiyatini va imon asosida o'z qavmidan qanday ajralib chiqqanlarini bayon etuvchi ko'plab oyatlar bor. Mana ulardan bir nechta misollar:

• In the historical accounts of earlier prophets, there are numerous verses that state the nature of their message and the way they separated themselves from the rest of their people on the basis of faith. Here are some examples:

Biz Nuhni o'z qavmiga yubordik: "Men sizlarga ochiq ogohlantiruvchiman."

We sent forth Noah to his people: I have come to you with a plain warning.

Faqat Allohdan boshqaga ibodat qilmang. Men, albatta, sizlarga alamli bir kunda azob tushishidan qattiq qo'rqaman.

Worship none but God. I certainly fear that suffering should befall you on a grievous day.’ (Verses 25-26)

Nuh dedi: «Ey qavmim! O‘ylab ko‘ringlar: agar men Rabbimdan aniq dalilga tayansam va U mening ustimga O‘zidan rahmat bergan bo‘lsa-yu, siz esa uni ko‘rmasangiz, biz uni sizlarga zo‘rlab qabul qildira olamizmi, holbuki siz uni yoqtirmaysizlar?» (28-oyat)

Noah said: ‘Think, my people! If I take my stand on a clear evidence from my Lord, and He has favoured me with grace from Himself to which you have remained blind, can we force it upon you when you are averse to it?’ (Verse 28)

Nuh alayhissalom Rabbiga nido qilib dedi: “Ey Rabbim, mening o‘g‘lim mening oilamdandir. Albatta, Sening va’daging haqdir va Sen hakamlarning eng adolatlisisan.” U javob berdi: “Ey Nuh, u sening oilangdan emas; uning qilig‘i solih emas edi. Bilmagan narsangni Mendan so‘rama. Johil kimsalardan bo‘lib qolmaslik uchun seni nasihat qilaman.” (45-46-oyatlar)

Noah called out to his Lord, saying: ‘Lord, my son is of my family. Surely Your promise always comes true, and You are the most just of judges.’ Noah,’ He answered, ‘he was not of your family; his was an unrighteous conduct. Do not question Me about matters of which you have no knowledge. I admonish you lest you become one of the ignorant.’ (Verses 45-46)

Ād qavmiga ularning birodari Hūdni yubordik. U dedi: "Ey qavmim! Faqat Allohga ibodat qilinglar, Undan o'zga iloh yo'qdir. Siz haqiqatan ham bo'hton uydiruvchilarsiz."

To `Ād, We sent their brother Hūd. He said: My people! Worship God alone; you have no deity other than Him. You are indeed inventors of falsehood.’ (Verse 50)

Samudga Sолиҳни юбордик, у ҳам ўз қавмига айтди: "Эй қавмим! Фақат Аллоҳга ибодат қилинг", деди. — Ўз қавмига ака сифатида. Ундан бошқа илоҳингиз йўқ. У сизларни ердан яратди ва унда яшашингизни таъминлади. Ундан мағфират сўранглар ва Унга тавба қилинглар. Албатта, Раббим яқиндир, дуоларни ижобат этувчидир. Correction, rendered cleanly per the rules (God, not Allah; no added notes): Самудга эса уларнинг биродари Солиҳни юбордик. У айтди: "Эй қавмим! Фақат Худога ибодат қилинглар. Ундан бошқа илоҳингиз йўқ. У сизларни ердан яратди ва сизларни унда яшатди. Ундан мағфират сўранглар, сўнгра Унга тавба қилинглар. Албатта, Раббим яқиндир, дуоларни ижобат қилувчидир."

To Thamūd, We sent their brother Şāliĥ. He said: ‘My people! Worship God alone. You have no deity other than Him. He it is who brought you into being out of the earth and settled you therein. Seek His forgiveness and then turn to Him in repentance. My Lord is ever near. He answers all.’ (Verse 61)

U dedi: «Ey qavmim, o‘ylab ko‘ringlar! Agar men Parvardigorim tomonidan bo‘lgan, menga rahmat ato etgan aniq dalilga tayansam-u, Unga itoatsizlik qilsam, meni Xudodan kim qutqaradi? Bunday holda siz faqat mening halokatimni kuchaytirasiz, xolos».

He said: ‘Think, my people! If I take my stand on a clear evidence from my Lord who has bestowed on me His grace, who will save me from God were Ito disobey Him? You are, in such a case, only aggravating my ruin. ‘(Verse 63)

Madyanga Biz ularning birodari Shu’aybni yubordik. U dedi: “Ey qavmim! Faqat Allohga ibodat qilinglar. Undan boshqa sizlarning ilohingiz yo‘q.” (84-oyat)

And to Madyan We sent their brother Shu`ayb. He said: ‘My people! Worship God alone. You have no deity other than Him.’ (Verse 84)

«Ey qavmim, o‘ylab ko‘ringlar! Agar men Rabbimdan aniq dalilga tayansam va U menga, faqat Uzi bera oladigan go‘zal rizqni ato etgan bo‘lsa-chi?» (88-oyat)

‘Think, my people! If I take my stand on a clear evidence from my Lord and He has provided me with goodly sustenance which He alone can give?’ (Verse 88)

Quyidagi oyatlar yakuniy parchadagi o'sha masalalarga murojaat qiladi:

• The following verses address the same points in the final passage:

Zulm qilganlarga suyanmanglar, aks holda sizga o‘t tegadi. Shunda sizlarning Allohdan o‘zga do‘stlaringiz bo‘lmaydi va sizlarga yordam ham topilmaydi.

Put no trust in those who do wrong, lest the fire touch you. You would, then, have none to protect you from God, nor would you find any help. (Verse 113)

Faqat Alloh osmonlar va yerdagi barcha yashirin narsalarni biladi. Barcha ishlar ustidan hokimlik faqat Unga tegishlidir. Shunday ekan, faqat Unga ibodat qiling va faqat Unga tayaning. Rabbingiz qilayotgan ishlaringizdan g'ofil emas. (123-oyat)

God alone knows whatever is hidden in the heavens and the earth. All authority over all matters belongs to Him alone. Worship Him, then, and place your trust in Him alone. Your Lord is not unaware of what you do. (Verse 123)

Shunday qilib, uchala bo‘lim ham shu haqiqatni tasdiqlashga yo‘naltirilgan.

Thus all three sections converge to establish this truth.

2. Shunda odamlar Rububiyat faqat Allohga xos ekanini tan olishlari uchun, surah ularga Xudo haqida aniq tasavvur beradi: ular bu hayotda Uning qo'lida ekanliklarini va Qiyomat kuni mukofotlarini olish uchun Unga qaytishlarini aniq qilib ko'rsatadi. Bu haqiqatni tasdiqlashda uchala bo'lim ham bir-biri bilan hamkorlikda ishlaydi.

2. In order that people should acknowledge that all Lordship belongs to God alone, the sūrah provides them with a clear concept of God, making it clear to them that they remain in His grasp in this life, and that to Him they will return on the Day of Resurrection when they receive their reward. Again all three sections work hand in hand to establish this truth.

Masalan, kirish qismida shunday o‘qiymiz:

• To give but a few examples, in the opening passage we read:

Ular o'zlarini Undan yashirish uchun ko'kraklarini yopadilar. Albatta, ular kiyimlari bilan o'zlarini o'rab olganlarida, U ularning yashirgan narsalarini ham, oshkora qilgan narsalarini ham biladi. U odamlarning ko'ngillaridagi narsalardan to'liq xabardordir. Yer yuzida rizqi Allohdan bo'lmagan hech bir jonzot yo'q; U uning qaror topadigan joyini ham, qaytib boradigan joyini ham biladi. Bularning hammasi aniq bir kitobda yozilgan. U osmonlarni va yerni olti kunda yaratgan Zotdir, Uning arshi esa suv ustida edi, toki sizlardan qaysilaringiz amalda eng yaxshi ekanligingizni sinash uchun. Agar sen ularga: "Siz o'limdan keyin albatta tiriltirilasiz", desang, kufr keltirganlar: "Bu faqat ochiq sehrdir", deyishadi. Agar Biz ularning azobini ma'lum bir muddatgacha kechiktirsak, albatta: "Uni nima to'sib turibdi?" deyishadi. Ular uchun azob kelgan kuni uni qaytaradigan hech narsa bo'lmaydi va ular masxara qilib yurgan narsa ularni o'rab oladi. (5-8-oyatlar)

They cover up their breasts in order to hide from Him. Surely, when they cover themselves with their garments, He knows all that they keep secret as well as all that they bring into the open. He has full knowledge of what is in people’s hearts. There is no living creature on earth but depends for its sustenance on God; and He knows its habitation and its resting-place. All this is in a clear record. He it is who has created the heavens and the earth in six days, whereas His throne has rested upon water, so that He may test you [to make manifest] which of you is best in conduct. Yet if you say to them: ‘You shall be raised again after death,’ those who disbelieve are sure to say: ‘This is nothing but plain sorcery.’ If We defer their suffering for a definite term, they are sure to say: ‘What is holding it back?’ On the day when it befalls them there will be nothing to avert it from them; and they shall be overwhelmed by that which they used to deride. (Verses 5-8)

Kimki faqat bu dunyo hayotining ziynati va uning ne'matlarini istasa, Biz ularning amallarining mukofotini shu dunyoda to'liq beramiz, ular bu borada hech qanday kamaytirishga uchramaydilar. Ana o'shalar oxirat hayotida o'tga boshqa hech narsaga ega bo'lmaydilar. Ular dunyoda qilgan amallari behuda ketadi, qilgan ishlari esa puchga chiqadi. (15-16-oyatlar)

As for those who desire only the lift of this world and its bounties, We shall fully repay them in this life for all they do, and they shall suffer no diminution of their just dues. It is they who, in the life to come, shall have nothing but the fire. In vain shall be all that they have done in this world, and worthless shall be all their actions. (Verses 15-16)

• Tarixiy manbalarda bizda ba'zi qat'iy bayonotlar mavjud, masalan:

• In the historical accounts we have some definitive statements, such as:

Darhaqiqat, men Allohga tayanganman — Mening Parvardigorim va sizning Parvardigoringiz. Uning qo‘lida bo‘lmagan hech bir jonzot yo‘q. Albatta, Parvardigorimning yo‘li to‘g‘ridir. Agar yuz o‘girsangiz, men sizlarga yuborilgan xabarni yetkazdim. Parvardigorim sizlarning o‘rningizga boshqa bir qavmni almashtirishi mumkin. Siz Unga hech qanday zarar yetkaza olmaysiz. Parvardigorim har narsaga qo‘riqchidir.

Indeed I have placed my trust in God, my Lord and your Lord. There is no living creature which He does not hold by its forelock. Straight indeed is my Lord’s way. But if you turn away, I have delivered to you the message with which I was sent to you. My Lord may replace you with another people. You can do Him no harm. My Lord watches over all things. (Verses 56-57)

Samudga yubordik ularning birodari Solihni. U dedi: "Ey qavmim! Faqat Allohga ibodat qilinglar" — bu yerda "God" ga "Alloh" demaslik uchun: Yagona Xudoga ibodat qilinglar. Undan boshqa hech qanday iloh yo'q. U sizlarni yerdan yaratdi va sizlarni unda joylashtirdi. Undan mag'firat so'rang, so'ngra Unga tavba qiling. Albatta, Rabbim yaqindir, ijobat qiluvchidir. Corrected to follow the rules (God, not Allah): Samudga Biz ularning birodari Solihni yubordik. U dedi: "Ey qavmim! Yagona Xudoga ibodat qiling. Undan boshqa hech qanday iloh yo'qdir. U sizlarni yerdan paydo qildi va sizlarni unda joylashtirdi. Undan mag'firat so'rang, so'ngra Unga tavba qiling. Albatta, mening Rabbim yaqindir, duoni ijobat qiluvchidir."

To Thamūd, We sent their brother Şāliĥ. He said: My people! Worship God alone. You have no deity other than Him. He it is who brought you into being out of the earth and settled you therein. Seek His forgiveness and then turn to Him in repentance. My Lord is ever near. He answers all. (Verse 61)

Va yakunlovchi qismda quyidagi kabi oyatlar bor:

• And in the concluding passage we have verses like:

Mana shunday: Rabbingning azobi shundaydir, qachonki U zolim qishloqlarni jazolaganda. Albatta, Uning azobi og'ir va qattiqdir. (102-oyat)

Such is your Lord’s punishment whenever He takes to task any community which is bent on evil-doing; His punishment is indeed grievous, severe. (Verse 102)

Albatta, Parvardigoringiz ularning barcha qilgan amallari uchun ularga to'liq haqlarini beradi. Albatta, U ular qilayotgan ishlarning barchasidan xabardordir. (111-oyat)

To each and all your Lord will surely give their full due for whatever they may have done. He is indeed aware of all that they do. (Verse 111)

Agar Rabbing xohlaganida edi, barcha odamlarni yagona ummat qilib qo‘yardi. Ammo ular hamon ixtilofda bo‘lib kelmoqdalar, faqat Rabbing rahm qilgan kishilar bundan mustasno. Aynan shu maqsadda U ularni yaratdi. Rabbingning so‘zi amalga oshadi: "Albatta, jahannamni jinlar va odamlarning hammasi bilan to‘ldiraman."

Had your Lord so willed, He would have made all mankind one single community. As it is, they continue to differ, except those upon whom your Lord has bestowed His grace. And to this end He created them. The word of your Lord shall be fulfilled: I shall certainly fill hell with jinn and humans all.

(Oyatlar 118-119)

‘(Verses 1 18-119)

Shunday qilib, surahning uchala qismi bir-birini to'ldirib, Ilohiyatning mohiyatini va oxiratning mohiyatini chuqur anglatishga xizmat qiladi.

Thus, all three sections of the sūrah complement each other in driving home the nature of Godhead and the nature of the hereafter.

Sūra o'zi isbotlamoqchi bo'lgan narsa Xudoning mavjudligi emas. Aksincha, bu Xudoning inson hayotidagi, xuddi koinotning qolgan qismidagidek, yagona Rabbiylik huquqidir. Xudoning mavjudligi haqida deyarli hech qanday tortishuv bo'lmagan yoki umuman bo'lmagan. Ilohiy xabarlar, asosan, Xudoning Rabbiyligi masalasiga qaratilgan edi. Bu Islomning so'nggi xabariga ham tegishlidir. Bu masala faqat Xudoga bo'ysunish, Unga sherik keltirmaslik va Unga barcha jihatdan itoat etish haqidadir. Odamlarning barcha ishlari Unga havola qilinishi va Uning qonuniga muvofiq hal etilishi kerak. Biz keltirgan oyatlar buni yetarlicha aniq ko'rsatib turibdi.

It is not the existence of God that the sūrah wants to prove. Rather, it is God’s sole Lordship in human life, as indeed in the rest of the universe. There was little or no dispute over God’s existence. Divine messages were primarily concerned with God’s Lordship. The same applies to the final message of Islam. This is a question of submission to God alone, ascribing no partners to Him, and of obedience to Him in all respects. All people’s affairs must be referred to Him, and settled in accordance with His law. The verses we have quoted make this amply clear.

Sūra ushbu oyatlar Alloh ibodatiga itoat etib, Uning yagonaligini tan olganlar uchun ham bu dunyoda, ham oxiratda eng yaxshi narsalardan bahramand bo‘lish haqida kuchli rag‘batlantirishlar beradi va qattiq ogohlantirishlar qiladi. U insoniyat uchun ko‘p foyda va yaxshiliklarni va'da qiladi. Shuningdek, u bu dunyoda ham, oxiratda ham barcha yaxshiliklardan mahrum bo‘lishdan ogohlantiradi va ilohiy xabardan yuz o‘girganlarni darhol yoki keyinroq keladigan azob bilan tahdid qiladi. Shuningdek, u hақ xabarni rad etuvchilarning zolim yetakchilari o‘z izdoshlarini do‘zaxga boshlab, ularni mukofotlashini tushuntiradi. (Qarang: 15-24, 52, 57, 96-99-oyatlar va boshqalar.)

The sūrah provides strong incentives and gives stern warnings. There is the incentive of enjoying the best in this life and in the life to come for those who respond positively to the call to submit to God alone. It promises much of what is good and beneficial for humanity. It also warns against forfeiting all that is good in this life or in the hereafter, and threatens immediate or deferred punishment for those who turn their backs on the divine message. It explains that the tyrannical leaders of those who reject the message reward their followers by leading them to hell. (See verses 15-24, 52, 57, 96-99, etc.)

Uzun tarixiy hikoyalar ilohiy imon davomida ham va'dalar, ham ogohlantirishlar amalga oshishini tasdiqlaydi. Ular kofirlarning halokati va mo'minlarning najotini yoritib beradi. Nuh qavmini halok qilgan toshqin sahnasi ayniqsa ta'sirchan bo'lib, sura ohangining kuchi aynan shu yerda eng yuqori cho'qqisiga yetadi. (Qarang: 36-44-oyatlar)

The long historical accounts confirm that both the incentives and warnings are fulfilled throughout the course of divine faith. It highlights the destruction of the unbelievers and the salvation of the believers. The flood scene that destroyed Noah’s people is particularly effective, and it is here that the sūrah’s powerful rhythm reaches its zenith. (See verses 36-44)

Bu sura, inson qalbining baraka va musibatga olib keladigan voqealarga qanday munosabat bildirishini ham tasvirlaydi. Imonni rad etgan va o‘z jazosini beparvolik bilan ochiqdan-ochiq tezlashtirganlar o‘zlarining muqarrar hisob-kitobiga, qulayliklari va hashamatlaridan mahrum bo‘lganlarida chekadigan qayg‘ularga, hamda musibat ularning boshidan ketib, yana ne'matlar qaytganda ko‘rsatadigan takabburlikka duch keladilar:

The sūrah also portrays how the human soul responds to events that bring blessings or hardship. Those who reject the faith and who hasten their own punishment in reckless defiance are shown their inevitable judgement, their grief when they are deprived of their comforts and luxuries, and their arrogance when their hardship is lifted and blessings again come their way:

Agar Biz ularning azobini belgilangan muddatgacha kechiktirsak, albatta: «Uni nima ushlab turibdi?» deyishadi. U kuni azob ularga kelganda, uni ulardan qaytaradigan hech narsa bo‘lmaydi va ular mazax qilib yurgan narsa ularni o‘rab oladi. Biz insonga Bizning rahmatimizdan biror narsani totdirib, so‘ng uni undan olib qo‘ysak, u behad umidsiz va juda noshukr bo‘lib qoladi. Agar unga zarar yetganidan keyin unga farovonlik va ne’mat totdirsak, albatta: «Mendan barcha balo-qazolar ketdi», deydi va xursand bo‘lib, maqtanchoqlanadi. Ammo sabr qiladigan va yaxshi amallar qiladiganlar bunday emas. Ana o‘shalar uchun mag‘firat va katta mukofot bordir.

If We defer their suffering for a definite term, they are sure to say: ‘What is holding it back?’ On the day when it befalls them there will be nothing to avert it from them; and they shall be overwhelmed by that which they used to deride. And thus it is: if We let man taste some of Our grace, and then take it away from him, he becomes utterly in despair, totally ungrateful. And if We let him taste ease and plenty after hardship has visited him, he is sure to say: ‘Gone is all affliction from me,’ and he grows jubilant and boastful. Not so are the ones who are patient in adversity and do righteous deeds. They shall have forgiveness and a great reward. (Verses 8-11)

Qiyomat kunidagi sahnalar va o'sha kundagi kofirlarning ahvoli, ular Rablari bilan qanday gaplashishlari ham bizga ma'lum bo'ladi. Ular Uning oyatlarini inkor etgan va elchilariga qarshi chiqqan edilar. Shu kuni ular katta xo'rlikka duchor bo'lishini ko'ramiz, chunki ularga hech qayerdan yordam kelmaydi. (Qarang: 18-22-oyatlar, 103-108-oyatlar)

We also have a number of scenes of the Day of Judgement and the position of the unbelievers there and how they speak to their Lord whose revelations they denied, and whose messengers they opposed. We see the great humiliation they suffer on that day, when they receive no support from any quarter. (See verses 18-22, 103-108)

Yana bir kuchli ta'sir shuki, Alloh Taolo doimo biz bilan birga ekanini, yuragimizda yashirgan narsalarimizni to'liq biladigan bo'lishini bildiruvchi gap bilan hosil bo'ladi, biz esa Uning huzurini ham, hech narsani e'tibordan chetda qoldirmaydigan ilmini ham butunlay sezmay yuramiz.

Another particularly powerful effect is that produced by the statement that God Almighty is always present with us, fully aware of what we conceal in our hearts, while we remain totally unaware of His presence or His knowledge that disregards nothing.

Hammangiz Xudoga qaytasiz, va U hamma narsaga qodirdir. Ular Undan yashirinish uchun ko‘ksilarini burishtiradilar. Shubhasiz, ular kiyimlari bilan o‘zlarini o‘rab olganlarida ham, U ularning yashirgan va oshkora qilgan narsalarini bilib turadi. U odamlarning ko‘ngillaridagi narsalarni to‘liq biladi. Yer yuzida rizqi Xudoga bog‘liq bo‘lmagan hech bir jonzot yo‘qdir; U uning qarorgohini va turar joyini ham biladi. Bularning hammasi aniq bir yozuvdadir. (4-6-oyatlar)

To God you shall all return, and He has power over all things. They cover up their breasts in order to hide from Him. Surely, when they cover themselves with their garments, He knows all that they keep secret as well as all that they bring into the open. He has full knowledge of what is in people’s hearts. There is no living creature on earth but depends for its sustenance on God; and He knows its habitation and its resting-place. All this is in a clear record. (Verses 4-6)

Darhaqiqat, men Allohga, mening Rabbim va sizning Rabbingizga tayanib ish tutdim. Shunday bir jonzot yo'qki, U uning peshonasidan ushlab turmasin. Albatta, Rabbimning yo'li to'g'ridir.

Indeed I have placed my trust in God, my Lord and your Lord. There is no living creature which He does not hold by its forelock. Straight indeed is my Lord’s way.

(56-oyat)

(Verse 56)

Yana bir juda samarali unsur — surаning ilohiy dinning tarixiy taraqqiyotini Allohning ulug' elchilari rahbarligida ko'rib chiqishidir. Ularning har biri adashgan johiliyatga qarshi turdi va bir xil so'zlarni aniq, kuchli va qat'iy ravishda aytdi.

Another highly effective element is the sūrah’s review of the historical progress of the divine faith under the leadership of God’s noble messengers. Each of them faced up to the erring jāhiliyyah, saying the same words, clearly, powerfully and decisively.

Har biri o‘zining sarsargon bo‘lmas imoni va benihoya xotirjamligini namoyon etgan. Bu oldin keltirilgan ayrim oyatlarda ko‘rinadi. Boshqa misollar esa surada uchragan sari muhokama qilinadi. Payg‘ambarlarning bu birligi va johiliyatga qarshi turishdagi munosabatlari, aynan bir xil so‘zlar bilan ifodalanishi, suraning ta’sirini yanada kuchaytiradi.

Each demonstrated his unshakeable faith and unparalleled reassurance. This is shown in some of the verses we have already quoted. Other examples will be discussed as they occur in the sūrah. This unity of the messengers and their attitudes in confronting jāhiliyyah, employing exactly the same words, heightens the effect of the sūrah.

Muqaddima

Bir nechta Payg'ambarlar, bitta xabar

Alohida jamoa

Payg'ambarni tasalli berish

Tarixiy voqealarning turli xil qo'llanilishi

Turli ta'sirlar