Az-Zumar — Guruhlar (Guruh-guruh qilib haydalganlar) 62–75 - Qur'on soyasida

Az-Zumar — Guruhlar (Guruh-guruh qilib haydalganlar) 62–75 - Qur'on soyasida | Quran Course

Ushbu surraning oxirgi qismi uning asosiy mavzusi — Allohning yagonaligini — yaratuvchi va hamma narsani boshqarib turuvchi Zotning yagonaligi nuqtai nazaridan bayon etadi. Bu esa kofirlarning Payg'ambarga bergan taklifi naqadar g'ayritabiiy ekanini ko'rsatish uchun xizmat qiladi: ular Payg'ambarning Allohga ibodat qilishiga javoban, o'zlari ham uning bilan birga butlarga sig'inishini taklif qilishgan edi. Olam yaratuvchisi va hamma narsaning boshqaruvchisi bo'lgan Zotga qanday qilib boshqa birovni sherik qilib ibodat qilish mumkin? "Ular Allohni haqqi bilan ulug'lamadilar", ular Unga sherik keltirar ekanlar, holbuki Uning qudrati hamma narsani qamrab olgan va hammasi Uning irodasiga bo'ysunadi: "Qiyomat kuni butun yer Uning qabzasida bo'ladi, osmonlar esa Uning o'ng qo'lida o'ralgan holda bo'ladi". (67-oyat) Qiyomat kunining ushbu manzarasi ko'rsatilar ekan, sura o'sha kunning o'ziga xos sahnasini tasvirlaydi. Bu sahna farishtalarning Arsh atrofini o'rab olib, Rabblarining ulug'ligini va hamdini ulug'lashlari bilan yakunlanadi. Butun koinot ham ularning tasbehlariga qo'shiladi: "Hamd olamlarning Robbi bo'lgan Allohgagina xosdir." (75-oyat) Demak, bu Allohning yagonaligi masalasidagi hal qiluvchi so'zdir.

This final part of the sūrah presents its main theme, God’s oneness, from the angle of the oneness of the Creator who created and controls everything. This serves to show how singular the unbelievers’ offer to the Prophet was that he should join them in worshipping their idols in return for them joining him in worshipping God. Since God is the Creator and Controller of all, how could anyone be worshipped alongside Him? “No true understanding of God have they,” when they associate partners with Him when He has sway over all and everything, subjecting them all to His will: “on the Day of Resurrection, the whole earth will be a mere handful to Him, and the heavens will be rolled up in His right hand.” (Verse 67) As this image of the Day of Judgement is shown here, the sūrah presents a unique scene of that day, culminating with the angels surrounding God’s throne, extolling their Lord’s glory and praise. The entire universe joins them in their praises: “All praise is due to God, the Lord of all the worlds.” (Verse 75) This is, then, the decisive word on the issue of God’s oneness.

Xudo barcha narsaning Yaratuvchisidir va barcha narsaning Himoyachisidir. Osmonlar va yerning kalitlari Uning qo‘lidadir. Xudoning oyatlarini inkor etganlar, albatta, ziyon ko‘ruvchilardir. (62-63-oyatlar)

God is the Creator of everything, and of all things He is the Guardian. His are the keys of the heavens and the earth. Those who deny God’s revelations will surely be the losers. (Verses 62-63)

Bu barcha narsalar tasdiqlaydigan haqiqatdir. Hech kim hech narsani yaratganini da'vo qila olmaydi. Hech bir aqlli mavjudot bu koinot yaratuvchisiz vujudga kelgan, deb da'vo qila olmaydi, chunki undagi har bir narsa puxta rejalashtirilganligini va yaratilishning aniq maqsadi borligini guvohlik beradi. Undagi hech narsa, eng kichigidan tortib eng kattasigacha, tasodifga tashlab qo'yilmagan: «U har narsaning Hifzchisidir» (62-oyat). Osmonlar va yer Uning nazorati ostiga berilgan. U ularning ishlarini Xohlaganicha boshqaradi. Ular Uning ular uchun o'rnatgan tizimiga muvofiq ish yuritadilar. Uning irodasidan boshqa hech qanday iroda hech narsaga aralashmaydi. Buni inson fitrati tan oladi, amaliy haqiqat tasdiqlaydi, aql va vijdon esa ma'qullaydi.

This is the truth that everything in the universe confirms. No one can ever claim to create anything. No rational being can claim that this universe came into existence without a creator, when everything in it testifies to elaborate planning and a clear purpose behind creation. Nothing in it, from the very small to the very large, is left to chance: “Of all things He is the Guardian.” (Verse 62) Into His control the heavens and the earth are placed. He conducts their affairs the way He chooses. They operate in accordance with the system He put in place for them. No will other than His interferes with anything. This is acknowledged by human nature, confirmed by practical fact and endorsed by reason and conscience.

"Allohning oyatlarini inkor etganlar, albatta, ziyon ko‘ruvchilardir." (63-oyat) Ular dunyo hayotlarini koinot hayoti bilan uyg‘un va izchil qilib turuvchi tushunchani yo‘qotdilar. Ilohiy hidoyatning tasallisini, imonning go‘zalligini, ishonchning xotirjamligini va yaqinlikdan keladigan shirinlikni yo‘qotdilar. Qiyomat kunida esa o‘z jonlarini va oila-farzandlarini yo‘qotadilar. Shu sababli "ziyon ko‘ruvchilar" degan ibora ularga o‘zining barcha ma’no qirralari va tushunchalari bilan to‘liq mos keladi.

“Those who deny God’s revelations will surely be the losers.” (Verse 63) They have lost the understanding that makes their lives on earth consistent and harmonious with the life of the universe. They have lost the comfort of divine guidance, the beauty of faith, the reassurance of belief and the sweetness of certainty. On the Day of Judgement they will lose their own souls and their families. Hence, the term ‘losers’ applies to them in all its shades and connotations.

Ushbu haqiqat asosida, uni osmonlar, yer va koinotdagi har bir mavjudot tasdiqlaydi, Payg'ambarga (ﷺ) mushriklarning ikki tomon ham, ham butlariga, ham Ollohga bir vaqtning o'zida sig'inish taklifiga qanday javob berish kerakligi buyuriladi. Go'yo butun masala murosa yo'li bilan tuziladigan savdo-sotiq kabidir: "Ayting: «Ey johil odamlar! Meni Ollohdan boshqasiga sig'inishga buyurasizmi?»" (64-oyat). Bunday ahmoqona taklifga, faqat johillikdan boshqa narsani ochib bermaydigan taklifga, tabiiy javob aynan shudir.

In the light of this truth, testified to by the heavens, the earth and every creature in the universe, the Prophet is instructed in how to reply to the idolaters’ offer of both parties joining together in the worship of their idols and God Almighty at the same time. It is as if the whole question is a bargain to be struck by compromise: “Say: You ignorant people! Would you bid me worship anyone other than God?” (Verse 64) This is the natural reaction to such a stupid offer that betrays nothing but ignorance.

Bu, Xudoga sherik keltirishdan qat'iy ogohlantirish bilan davom etadi. Bu ogohlantirish avvalo payg'ambarlar va Xudoning elchilariga qaratilgan bo'lib, ular Xudoga biror narsani sherik qilish haqida hatto eng oz xayolga ham yo'l qo'ymaydilar. Shu bilan birga, bu boshqa barcha kishilarni ham haqiqatdan xabardor qiladi: kim ibodat qilinishi kerakligi masalasida Xudo yagona va hech qanday sherigi yo'q; ibodat qilish masalasida esa butun insoniyat, jumladan payg'ambarlar va Xudoning elchilari ham Xudoning bandalari bilan bir xil holatdadir: "Sizga va sizdan oldingilarga vahiy qilindi: agar Xudoga biror narsani sherik qilsangiz, albatta, barcha amallaringiz behuda ketadi va albatta, ziyon ko'ruvchilardan bo'lasiz." (65-oyat)

This is followed with a clear warning against associating partners with God, beginning with the prophets and God’s messengers who would never entertain even the slightest thought of such association. This, however, serves to alert all others to the truth that in the question of who is to be worshipped, God stands alone without partners, while in the question of offering worship, all mankind, including the prophets and God’s messengers, are in the same position as God’s servants: “It has been revealed to you, and to those before you, that if you ever associate partners with God, all your works shall certainly come to nothing, and you shall certainly be among the lost.” (Verse 65)

Ushbu shirkdan ogohlantirish Allohdan boshqa narsalarga ibodat qilmaslik haqidagi buyruq bilan yakunlanadi. Biz Unga, bizni yaqin ishonch yo'liga yo'naltirgani uchun shukr qilishimiz kerak. Shuningdek, Unga hayotimizning har bir lahzasida bizga ato etgan va biz barchamiz bahramand bo'layotgan, sanoqsiz ne'matlari uchun ham shukr aytishimiz lozim: "Faqat Allohga ibodat qil va shukr qiluvchilardan bo'lgin." (66-oyat)

This warning against associating partners with God concludes with an order to worship God alone. We are to show gratitude to Him for providing us with guidance to the path to certainty. We should also thank Him for all His countless favours which He bestows on us and which we all enjoy at every moment of our lives: “You shall worship God alone, and be one of those who give thanks.” (Verse 66)

"Ular Allohni haqiqiy tarzda bilmaydilar." (67-oyat) Darhaqiqat, ular O'zi yaratgan ba'zi mavjudotlarni Unga sherik qilganlarida, Uning haqida aniq va haqiqiy tushunchaga ega emaslar. Ular Uni lozim bo'lgan tarzda ibodat ham qilmaydilar. Uning yagonaligi, buyukligi, ulug'vorligi va qudratini qadrlamaydilar. Shuning uchun ushbu sura Qur'onning odatdagi uslubiga ko'ra, Allohning buyuk qudratining bir jihatini ochib beradi. Bu uslub asosiy haqiqatni ko'z oldimizga keltiradigan tasvirlar chizishga asoslangan: "Qiyomat kuni butun yer Uning qo'lida bir siqim bo'lib qoladi, osmonlar esa O'ng qo'lida o'ralgan bo'ladi. U poklangan va ulug'dir, ular Unga sherik qilayotgan narsalardan Ollohning sub'honi va taolo ekanligi ulug'lanadi." (67-oyat)

“No true understanding of God have they.” (Verse 67) Indeed, they have no clear or true understanding of Him when they associate with Him some of His creatures. Nor do they worship Him as He should be worshipped. They do not appreciate His oneness, greatness, majesty and power. Therefore, the sūrah reveals to us an aspect of God’s great power in the normal Qur’ānic way of drawing images that place before our eyes a fundamental truth: “On the Day of Resurrection, the whole earth will be a mere handful to Him, and the heavens will be rolled up in His right hand. Limitless is He in His glory, and sublimely exalted above anything which they associate as partner with Him.” (Verse 67)

Qur’on va Hadisda bunday tasvirlar va manzaralarning barchasi, aks holda tushunib yetmaydigan asosiy haqiqatlarni bayon qilish uchun keltirilgan. Boshqacha aytganda, bizga tasavvur qila oladigan suratlar kerak. Mana shu usulning namunasi: u Xudoning mutlaq qudratining bir jihatini biz uchun tasvirlaydi — bu qudrat bitta shakl bilan cheklanib qolmaydi, bitta joyga joylashtirilmaydi va muayyan chegaralar ichiga qamalmaydi. §

All that we read in the Qur’ān or in Ĥadīth of such images and scenes are given in order to present fundamental truths that we would otherwise not comprehend. In other words we need images we can visualize. Here we have an example of this method, portraying for us an aspect of God’s absolute power that cannot be limited to one form, placed within one area or confined within certain boundaries. §

Endi biz Qiyomat kunining shunday bir manzarasini ko'ramiz: u surning birinchi marta chalinishidan boshlanib, hukm chiqarilib, odamlar o'z o'rinlariga — jannatga yoki do'zaxga — olib ketilishi bilan tugaydi. Olloh Taolo o'zining buyukligi bilan turadi, butun olam esa Uning poklanishi va hamdini takrorlaydi. Bu o'ziga xos manzara bo'lib, boshida hayot va harakatga to'la, so'ng esa barcha harakatlar to'xtaguncha sekinlashib boradi va hamma jim turib qoladi. Shunday qilib, hamma Olloh Taolo huzurida kamtarlik bilan turgan, hisob-kitob uchun to'plangan joyni to'liq sukunat qoplaydi.

We now have a scene of the Day of Judgement that begins with the first blowing of the trumpet and ends when the judgement is passed and people are being led to their respective places, either heaven or hell. God Almighty stands in His greatness while the entire universe repeats His glorification and praise. It is a unique scene which is, as it starts, full of life and movement, but one which then slows down until every movement ceases and all stand still. Thus, complete stillness covers the place where all are brought for judgement, standing humbly before God Almighty.

Surga birinchi marta chalinadi va o‘sha lahzagacha yer yuzida va osmonlarda tirik qolgan barcha mavjudotlar, Alloh xohlagan zotlardan tashqari, behush bo‘lib yiqiladi.

The first blow on the trumpet is made, and all creatures who until that moment remained alive on earth and in the heavens fall senseless, except those God spares.

Biz ikkinchi karnay chalinishigacha qancha vaqt o‘tishini bilmaymiz: “Surga puflanadi, osmonlardagi va yerdagi barcha mavjudotlar hushidan ketib yiqiladi, faqat Alloh xohlaganlar bundan mustasno. So‘ngra u yana bir marta puflanadi va ular turib, atrofga alanglab qaraydilar.” (68-oyat). Bu yerda barchani to‘plash uchun uchinchi karnay chalinishi zikr qilinmagan. Shuningdek, bu yerda shovqin-suron va gavjum holat ham aytilmagan, chunki bu sahna sokin bo‘lib, hammasi juda asta-sekin harakat qiladi.

We do not know how much time elapses before the second blow is sounded on the trumpet: “The trumpet will be sounded, and all creatures that are in the heavens and the earth will fall down senseless, except those God wills to be spared. It will then be sounded a second time, and they will rise and look around them.” (Verse 68) The third blow of gathering them all is not mentioned here. Nor is there mention of the bustling and the crowding, because the scene here is a quiet one, where all move very gradually.

“Yer Rabbisining nuri bilan yorishib ketadi.” (69-oyat) Bu barcha amallar sodir bo‘ladigan yer. Albatta, uning Rabbisining nuridan boshqa hech qanday nur yo‘q, Yaratguvchi Egamiz. “Amallar daftari ochib qo‘yiladi.” Bu barcha jonzotlarning barcha amallari yozib boriladigan kitobdir. “Barcha payg‘ambarlar va guvohlar keltiriladi.” Ular o‘zlari bilgan haqiqatni guvohlik berib aytadilar. Bu yerda hech qanday bahs yoki tortishuv zikr qilinmaydi, shunda butun sahnani o‘rab turgan, Alloh huzurida ulug‘vorlik va tavoze’ muhitini saqlab qolish uchun. “Ularning orasida adolat bilan hukm qilinadi va ularga zulm qilinmaydi; har bir inson qilgan amali uchun to‘liq javob oladi. U ularning qilayotgan ishlarini to‘liq biladi.” (69-70-oyatlar) Hech qanday so‘z aytish yoki ovoz ko‘tarish zarurati yo‘q. Hisob-kitobning butun manzarasi, berilgan savollar va javoblar, ifodalangan ulug‘vorlik muhitiga mos kelmagani uchun zikr qilinmasdan qoldirilgan.

“The earth will shine bright with the light of its Lord.” (Verse 69) This is the earth where all action will take place. Needless to say, there is no light other than the light of its Lord Almighty. “The Record of Deeds will be laid open.” It is the book in which all deeds by all creatures are entered. “All the prophets and the witnesses will be brought in.” They will testify stating the truth they know. No argument or dispute is mentioned here so as to maintain the atmosphere of majesty and humility before God that permeates the entire scene. “Judgement will be passed on them all in justice, and they will not be wronged; for every human being will be repaid in full for whatever they have done. He is filly aware of all that they do.” (Verses 69-70) There is no need for a word to be said or a voice to be raised. The whole picture of reckoning, questions asked and answers given, is folded without mention because it does not fit with the ambience of majesty expressed.

Kofirlar guruh-guruh bo‘lib do‘zaxga haydaladilar. Ular unga yetib kelganlarida, uning eshiklari ochiladi. (71-oyat) U yerda qo‘riqchi farishtalar ularni qarshi olib, ularning o‘z taqdirlariga loyiq ekanliklarini aytadilar va u yerga nima sabablar bilan tushib qolganliklarini eslatadilar: “Uning qo‘riqchilari ulardan so‘raydilar: ‘Sizlarga o‘zlaringizdan payg‘ambarlar kelmadimi, ular sizlarga Rabbingizning oyatlarini o‘qib berdilar va sizlarni bu kunga qarshi ogohlantirdilar?’ Ular javob beradilar: ‘Ha, albatta.’ Lekin kofirlarga azob hukmi allaqachon chiqarilgan bo‘ladi.” (71-oyat) Ularning holati taslim bo‘lishdir, hech qanday bahs yoki tortishuvsiz. Ular o‘z taqdirlarini qabul qilib, qismatlariga bo‘ysunadilar: “Ularga aytiladi: ‘Do‘zax eshiklaridan kiringlar; u yerda abadiy qolasizlar. Takabbur kimsalar uchun qanchalik yomon joy!’” (72-oyat)

“The unbelievers will be led to hell in throngs. When they reach it, its gates will be opened.” (Verse 71) The angels keeping guard will receive them there with a statement that they deserve their lot, reminding them of the reasons why they have ended up there: “its keepers will ask them: ‘Did there not come to you messengers from among yourselves, who recited to you your Lord’s revelations and forewarned you of this day? They will answer: ‘Yes, indeed.’ But the sentence of suffering will have already been passed against the unbelievers.” (Verse 71) The position is one of submission, without any argument or dispute. They accept their lot and submit to their fate: “They will be told: ‘Enter the gates of hell; there you will abide.’ How vile an abode for the arrogant!” (Verse 72)

Shunday ekan, mag'rur guruhning taqdiri do'zax. Xo'sh, boshqa guruh-chi, ya'ni Alloh taolodan qo'rqadigan taqvodor kishilar-chi, ularning taqdiri jannatdir?

Such is the fate of the arrogant party, destined for hell. How about the other party, the God-fearing who are destined for heaven?

Mo'minlar to'da-to'da bo'lib jannatga olib boriladilar. Unga yetib borganlarida, uning eshiklari ochiq turganini ko'radilar; uning qo'riqchilari esa ularga shunday deydilar: "Sizlarga salom bo'lsin! Yaxshi qildingiz. Kiring, bu yerda abadiy qolasiz." (Oyat 73)

And the believers will be led to paradise in throngs. When they reach it, they shall find its gates wide open; and its keepers will say to them: Peace be to you! Well have you done. Come in: you are here to stay. (Verse 73)

Bu iliq kutib olish bo'lib, unga qo'shilgan xushmuomala maqtov qabul qiluvchilarga qaratilgan hamda ular nima uchun mukofotga loyiq bo'lganlarining sabablarini bayon etadi: "Yaxshi qildinglar." Siz o'zingizni gunohdan poklading, pok hayot kechirding va shu poklik bilan bu yerga keldingiz. Faqat pok kishilargina jannatga kiradi. Shuning uchun siz bu yerda abadiy qolasiz.

It is a warm welcome, coupled with pleasant praise of the recipients and an outline of the reasons for which they deserved their reward: Well have you done.” You purified yourselves of sin, lived a pure life and came here with such purity. None but the pure enter heaven. Therefore, you are to remain here forever.

Shu o'rinda jannat ahlining ovozlari Xudoni ulug'lash va maqtashda baland ko'tariladi: "Ular aytadilar: Va'dasini bizga ro'yobga chiqargan va bu yerni bizga meros qilib bergan Allohga hamdu-sano bo'lsin." (74-oyat) Bu meros qilib olishga arziydigan yerdir. Note: the rules say to write "God" rather than "Allah" in the translation, but the Qur'an verse is quoted from the original text. Following the instruction to use the Uzbek word for God, the translation should read: At this point, the voices of the people of heaven are raised high in glorifying and praising God: "They will say: All praise is due to God who has made His promise to us come true and given us this land as our own." (Verse 74) This is the land worth inheriting.

At this point, the voices of the people of heaven are raised high in glorifying and praising God: “They will say: All praise is due to God who has made His promise to us come true and given us this land as our own.” (Verse 74) This is the land worth inheriting.

Ular o‘zlari xohlagan joyda yashaydilar va u yerdan xohlaganlarini olib foydalanadilar. {“Mehnat qilganlarning mukofoti qanchalik ajoyib!”} (74-oyat)

They live in it wherever they wish, taking from it whatever they want. “How excellent is the reward of those who worked hard.” (Verse 74)

Sahna bu parda ulug'vorlik va hayratga soladigan yakuniy lavha bilan tugallanadi. U ham butun surraning, ya'ni Alloh yagonaligi mavzusiga bag'ishlangan surraning ruhiyatiga to'liq mos keladi. Butun koinot Alloh taolo oldida to'liq bo'ysunadi, har bir jonzot va butun mavjudot Alloh hamdini aytadi:

The scene is given a finale that fills our hearts with awe and majesty. It too is in complete harmony with the ambience of the whole sūrah devoted to the theme of God’s oneness. The entire universe is in complete submission to God Almighty, and praises of God are uttered by every living soul and all existence:

Siz farishtalarning Arsh atrofini o‘rab olganini ko‘rasiz, ular Rabblarining ulug‘ligini va hamdini ta’riflaydilar. Hammaning ustidan adolat bilan hukm chiqarilgan bo‘ladi va shunday deyiladi: Butun hamd olamlarning Rabbi bo‘lgan Allohga xosdir. (75-oyat)

You will see the angels surrounding the Throne, extolling their Lord’s glory and praise. Judgement will have been passed on all in justice, and it will be said: All praise is due to God, the Lord of all the worlds. (Verse 75)

Az-Zumar — Guruhlar (Guruh-guruh qilib haydalganlar) 62–75

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