Ha. Mim. Bu kitob Allohdan, qudratli va hikmat egasi bo'lgan Xudo tomonidan nozil qilingan. Albatta, osmonlar va yerda imon keltirganlar uchun ibratlar bor. O'zingizning yaratilishingizda va Xudo yer yuzida tarqatgan jonzotlarda aniq ishonch bilan ishonadiganlar uchun ibratlar bor. Kecha va kunduzning almashinishida, Xudo osmondan yog'dirgan rizq-ro'zda va u bilan o'lik bo'lib qolgan yerni jonlantirishda, shamollarning o'zgarishida aql ishlatadiganlar uchun ibratlar bor.

Ha. Mim. This book is bestowed from on high by God, the Almighty, the Wise. Surely, in the heavens and the earth there are signs for those who believe. And in your own creation, and in the animals God scatters on earth there are signs for people of sure faith. And in the alternation of night and day, and in the means of subsistence God sends down from the skies, reviving with it the earth after it had been lifeless, and in the shifting of the winds there are signs for those who use their reason. (Verses 1-5)

Sura shuni eslatadiki, bu Kitob – Qur’on – Mahmud va Hakim bo‘lgan Alloh tomonidan nozil qilingan, va bu Qur’onning manbasiga ishora qilish uchun ham ba’zi suralarning boshida keladigan alohida “Ha”, “Mim” harflari zikr etilgan. Biz boshqa joyda bu surralarning boshida keladigan alohida harflar haqida gapirganimizda, ular Qur’onning arab tilining o‘z harflaridan tuzilganini, ammo ular shunga o‘xshash bironta kichik qismini ham yarata olmasliklarini ko‘rsatishini aytib o‘tganmiz.

The surah mentions the revelation of this book, the Qur’an, by God, the Almighty, the Wise after having introduced the two separate Arabic letters Ha, Mim, to point to this books source. In speaking about the separate letters introduced at the beginning of a number of surahs, we have mentioned elsewhere that they highlight the fact that the Qur’an is composed of the letters forming the Arab’s own language, yet they cannot produce even a very small portion like it.

Shunday qilib, bu Qur'onning Allohdan – istagan narsasini qila oladigan Qodir, har bir narsani muayyan o'lchov bilan va muayyan maqsad uchun yaratadigan Hakim tomonidan nozil qilinganligining doimiy dalilidir. Bu surah va uning turli xil odamlar haqidagi mavzusining ruhiga mos keladigan o'rinli sharhdir.

This, then, constitutes permanent evidence that the Qur’an is bestowed from on high by God, the Almighty who can do whatever He wishes, the Wise who creates everything according to a certain measure and to serve a particular purpose. This is an apt comment that fits the ambience of the surah and its discussion of different types of people.

Qur'on oyatlariga qaytishdan oldin, sura kofirlar va ularning Qur'onga munosabati haqida gapirishdan avval, ularning atrofidagi dunyoning har yerida mavjud bo'lgan, Yaratuvchiga ishora qiluvchi belgilarga ishora qiladi. Bu belgilarning o'zi ular Xudoga ishonishlari uchun yetarli bo'lishi kerak edi. Endi sura ularning fikrlarini shunday belgilarga qaratadi, shunda ular qalblarini ularga ochadilar va bu kitobni yuqoridan nozil qilgan, bu buyuk olamni yaratgan aynan Xudo ekanligini anglaydilar: "Albatta, osmonlarda va yerda imon keltirganlar uchun belgilar bor" (3-oyat). Osmonlarda va yerda sochilgan belgilar hech qanday soha yoki vaziyat bilan cheklanmaydi. Biz o'zimizning atrofimizga qayerga qaramaylik, belgilarni topamiz. Bu go'zal olamda o'zining buyuk Yaratuvchisiga ishora qilmaydigan biror narsa bormi?

Xudo tomonidan nozil qilingan Qur’on bu umumiy belgilarni shunday yoritadiki, bu iymoni mustahkam va aql-idrokidan foydalanadigan mo‘minlarni ilhomlantiradi. Shu tariqa u qalblarga va ongga ta’sir qiladi hamda insonlarning tabiatiga murojaat qiladi. Inson tabiati bilan koinot o‘rtasidagi chuqur bog‘liqlik tufayli, sezgilarni uyg‘otib, ularni javob berishga tayyor holatga keltirish uchun Qur’on oyatlaridek ilhomlantiruvchi so‘zlar kifoya qiladi.

The Qur’an, revealed by God, highlights these universal signs in a way that inspires believers who have certainty of faith and who use their reason. In this way, it touches hearts and minds and addresses people’s natures. The profound link between human nature and the universe means that it only requires some inspiring words, such as the verses of the Qur’an, for senses to be alerted and made responsive.

Ushbu belgilar ustida fikr yuritish natijasida iymon keltirmagan kishi boshqa yo‘l bilan iymon keltirishi deyarli mumkin emas; Qur’onning ilhomlantiruvchi oyatlari bilan to‘liq uyg‘onmagan kishi boshqa biror manbadan kelgan baland ovozli chaqiriqlar bilan ham uyg‘onmaydi: “Mana bu Allohning oyatlaridirki, Biz ularni sizga haq bilan o‘qib beramiz. Agar ular Allohni va Uning oyatlarini inkor etsalar, bundan keyin qaysi so‘zga iymon keltiradilar?” (6-oyat)

Anyone who does not believe as a result of contemplating these signs is totally unlikely to believe in some other way; and the one who is not fully alerted by the inspiring verses of the Qur’an will not be alerted by loud outcries from any other source: “Such are God's signs that We recount to you, setting forth the truth. In what discourse will they then believe, if they deny God and His revelations?" (Verse 6)

Hech qanday so‘z Qur’on kabi ta’sirli bo‘lmaydi, u Xudoning kalomidir. Olamdagi hech qanday maxluq ham Xudoning yaratganidek go‘zal va mukammal yaratilishga teng kela olmaydi. Xuddi shuningdek, hech qanday haqiqat Xudoning haqiqati kabi aniq va tasdiqlangan bo‘lmaydi: “Agar ular Xudoni va Uning oyatlarini inkor etsalar, endi qaysi so‘zga ishonadilar?” (6-oyat).

No words will be as effective as the Qur’an, God’s word. Nor will any creation be equal to God’s creation in the universe. Likewise, no truth will be as clear and confirmed as the truth of God: “In what discourse will they then believe, if they deny God and His revelations?' (Verse 6)

Kofirga beriladigan yagona munosib javob — og'ir jazodir:

The only requital fit to be given to an unbeliever is severe punishment:

Voy o'sha har bir yolg'onchi, gunohkor kishiga, unga Allohning oyatlari tilovat qilinayotgani eshitilsa-da, o'zini katta tutib, go'yo eshitmagandek davom etadigan kishiga! Bas, unga og'riqli azob xabarini ber. U Bizning oyatlarimizdan biror narsani bilsa, uni masxara qiladi. Bunday kishilar uchun xorlovchi azob bor. Ularning orqasida Jahannam bor; ular qo'lga kiritgan narsalar hech qanday foyda bermaydi, Alloh o'rniga do'st deb olgan kishilari ham ularga hech narsa keltirmaydi. Ularni ulkan azob kutmoqda.

Yana bir bor, sura ularga Xudo ularga bu dunyoda ato etgan buyuk ne'mat va marhamatlarni eslatadi, toki ularning qalblari yumshab, mulohaza qilsin.

Once again the surah reminds them of the great favours and blessings God has given them in this world, so that their hearts may soften and reflect:

Dengizni sizga bo‘ysundirgan ham Allohdir, — ulardagi kemalar Uning amri bilan suzsin, sizlar Uning fazlidan izlashingiz va shukr qilishingiz uchun. Osmonlarda va yerda bor narsalarni ham — hammasini O‘z tomonidan in’om sifatida sizga bo‘ysundirgan. Albatta, bunda fikr yuritadigan qavm uchun ibratlar bor.

It is God who has subjected the sea for you, so that ships sail through it by His command, and that you may seek of His bounty, and that you give thanks. And He has subjected to you, as a gift from Himself all that is in the heavens and on earth. In this there are signs for people who think. (Verses 12-13)

Inson, bu ulkan koinotdagi ahamiyatsiz bir mavjudot bo‘lsa-da, Allohning katta g‘amxo‘rligiga sazovor bo‘ladi. Bu g‘amxo‘rlik unga koinotdagi buyukroq mavjudotlardan turli yo‘llar bilan foydalanish imkonini beradi, agar u hammasini boshqarib turuvchi Ilohiy qonunning bir qismini tushunsa. Agar inson bu Ilohiy qonunning shu qismidan bexabar qolganida, o‘zining zaifligi bilan bunday buyuk kuchlardan foyda ololmas edi. Hatto ularning yonida yashashi ham mumkin bo‘lmas edi, chunki uning jussasi va kuchi ularnikiga nisbatan juda kichikdir.

Man, an insignificant creature in this great universe, receives a large share of God’s care, which allows him to make use of greater creatures in the universe, benefiting by them in a variety of ways when he understands a part of the secret, Divine law that controls all. Had man remained ignorant of this part of God’s law, he could not, weak as he is, have benefited by such great forces. He would not even be able to live with them, considering his small stature and strength compared with theirs.

Dengiz Alloh tomonidan insonga bo‘ysundirilgan ulkan kuchlardan biridir: U Zot dengizning ichki tuzilishi va xususiyatlarining bir qismini insonga ochib bergan. Shu tufayli inson dengizning kuchli to‘lqinlaridan qo‘rqmasdan, ulkan okeanlar bo‘ylab kemalarni suzdirish imkoniga ega bo‘ldi: “Uning amri bilan kemalar unda suzsin” (12-oyat). Dengizga va kemalar yasaladigan materialga xos xususiyatlarni, atmosfera bosimini, shamollar tezligini, Yerning tortishish kuchini va boshqa koinot xususiyatlarini ham aynan shunday qilib yaratgan Alloh Ta’olodir. Ular birgalikda kemalarning dengiz bo‘ylab suzishini ta’minlaydi. Bundan tashqari, Alloh insonni bularni anglab yetishga va ulardan o‘z foydasi uchun foydalanishga yo‘naltirgan: baliq ovlash, savdo, ilm olish yoki sayr va zavq uchun. “Va Uning fazlidan izlashingiz uchun” (12-oyat). Shunday ekan, inson bu ne’matlarning barchasi uchun shukr qilib, Allohga murojaat qilishi lozim: “va shukr qilishingiz uchun” (12-oyat). Qur’on insonni ushbu vazifaga e’tibor berishga va uning hamda koinot o‘rtasidagi yaqin aloqani anglashga chaqiradi. Hamma narsa Alloh tomonidan yaratilgan va oxir-oqibat hammasi Unga qaytadi.

Endi sura imonlilarni o‘zlarining yuraklari buyuk qudrat manbaiga ochilmagan ojiz kishilarga nisbatan oliyjanoblik va sabr-bardosh ko‘rsatishga chaqiradi. Ularga buyuk haqiqatlardan ko‘zi ojiz bo‘lganlarga mehr-shafqat ko‘rsatish buyuriladi va natijada ular Xudoning buyuk kunlarini, uning ulug‘vorligining ayrim jihatlari aniq namoyon bo‘ladigan kunlarini kutmaydilar.

Now the surah calls on believers to show magnanimity and forbearance to those who are weak because their hearts do not open to the great source of power. They are urged to show kindness to those who are blind to the great truths, and as a result, do not look forward to God’s great days when some aspects of His majesty are clearly shown:

Mo'minlarga ayting: Allohning kunlarini umid qilmayotganlarni kechirsinlar. Odamlarni ular topgan narsalariga qarab jazolash faqat Unga xos. Kim yaxshilik qilsa, o'z foydasi uchun qiladi; kim yomonlik qilsa, o'ziga zarar qiladi. Oxir-oqibatda hammangiz Rabbingizga qaytarilasiz.

Tell the believers that they should forgive those who do not look forward to the Days of God. It is for Him alone to requite people for whatever they may have earned. Whoever does what is right benefits himself; and whoever does evil causes himself harm. In the end to your Lord you will all return. (Verses 14-15)

Ushbu hukm mo'minlarga qaratilgan bo'lib, ular Allohning kunlaridan umid qilmaydiganlarga nisbatan sabr-bardoshli bo'lishlari talab etiladi.

This directive is issued to the believers, requiring them to be forbearing towards those who do not look forward to Gods days.

Ularning munosabati kechirimlilik ruhida bo‘lishi kerak, bu ruh saxiylik bilan kuch va qadr-qimmatni uyg‘unlashtiradi. Haqiqatan ham, bunday odamlar rahm-shafqatga va hamdardlikka loyiqdir, chunki ular Xudoga ishonishning boy xazinasidan — inoyat, quvvat, boylik, tasalli va mehr-oqibatdan — bahramand bo‘lish imkoniyatidan mahrum. Iymon stress va zaiflik paytlarida haqiqiy himoya beradi.

Theirs should be an attitude of forgiveness that combines generosity with power and dignity. The truth is that such people deserve pity and sympathy because they are deprived of the benefit of believing in God, which is a rich treasure of grace, strength, wealth, reassurance and kindness. It provides true protection in moments of stress and weakness.

Ular, shuningdek, koinot qonunlarining mohiyatini tushunadigan va ular insonning manfaati uchun qanday kuch va boylik keltirishi mumkinligini anglaydigan haqiqiy ilmdan ham mahrum. Imon bilan birga keladigan ne'mat va foydalarning boyligidan bahramand bo'lganlar esa sabr-toqatli bo'lishlari kerak. Ular ulardan mahrum bo'lganlarning xato va kamchiliklarini kechirishlari lozim.

Sura shundan so'ng insoniyatning yetakchiligi haqida gapiradi va u nihoyat Islom xabarini e'tirof etgan mo'minlarga topshirilganini bayon qiladi. U Xudo kitoblar, donolik va payg'ambarlik ato etganidan keyin Bani Isroil orasida yuz bergan parokandalik va bo'linishlarga ishora qiladi. Endi yetakchilik mas'uliyati Xudoning so'nggi xabarini targ'ib qilayotgan Elchiga topshirildi.

The surah then speaks of the leadership of humanity and how it has ultimately been assigned to believers in the Islamic message. It refers to the divisions that split the Children of Israel after God had given them scriptures, wisdom and prophethood. The mantle of leadership has now been given to the messenger advocating Gods final message.

Bu narsa Payg'ambar ﷺ hali Makkada bo'lganlarida, kofirlarning zulmiga uchrab, sahobalari bilan birga azob chekayotgan paytda aniq bayon qilingan edi. Shunga qaramay, bu bizga Islom xabarining tabiati haqida, uning eng boshidanoq, va u bajarishi kutilayotgan vazifa haqida ma'lum bir narsani aytadi:

This was clearly stated when the Prophet was still in Makkah, suffering with his followers from persecution by the unbelievers. Yet this tells us something about the nature of the Islamic message, right from its very beginning, and the mission it is expected to fulfil:

Bani Isroilga Biz ularga kitob, hikmat va payg'ambarlik berdik; ularni pokiza narsalar bilan rizqlantirdik va ularni butun olamdagi boshqa xalqlardan afzal qildik. Dindagi ochiq dalillarni ularga ato etdik. Ilm berilganidan keyingina ular o'zaro hasad qilib, ixtilofga tushdilar. Albatta, Parvardigoring qiyomat kuni ular ixtilof qilgan narsalar haqida orada hukm qiladi. Endi Biz seni dinda aniq yo'lga qo'ydik. Bas, unga ergash va bilmaydiganlarning havoiy xohishlariga ergashma. Ular Allohdan sening oldingda hech narsaga arzimaydilar. Zolimlar bir-birining do'stlaridirlar, Alloh esa taqvodorlarning Do'stidir. Bu Qur'on odamlar uchun ko'zni ochuvchi nur, yaqin iymon keltirgan qavm uchun hidoyat va rahmatdir.

To the Children of Israel We gave revelations, wisdom and prophethood; and We provided them with wholesome things and favoured them above all other nations. We granted them clear indications in matters of faith. It was only after knowledge had been granted them that they began to differ maliciously among themselves. Your Lord will certainly judge between them on Resurrection Day regarding all that on which they differed. And now We have set you on a clear way of religion; so follow it, and do not follow the desires of those who do not know [the truth]. They will be of no help to you against God. The wrongdoers have only one another to protect them, whereas God is the Protector of all who are God-fearing. This [revelation] is a means of insight for mankind, and a source of guidance and grace for people of sure faith. (Verses 16-20)

Sura aniq qilib yomonlik qiladiganlar bilan iymon keltirgani natijasida yaxshilik qiladiganlarni farqlaydi. Ularni bir xil tarzda hukm qilishning hech iloji yo‘q. Ular Alloh huzurida boshqa-boshqadir.

The surah clearly distinguishes between those who commit evil and those who do good as a result of being believers. There is no way that they can be judged in the same way. They are different in God’s sight.

Shuningdek, Alloh taolo O'z umumiy qonunini haqiqat va adolat asosida o'rnatgan:

Furthermore, God has established His universal law on the basis of truth and justice:

Gunoh ishlarga botgan kimselar, Biz ularni hayotda ham, o'limda ham iymon keltirgan va solih amallar qilgan kimselar bilan teng qo'yamiz, deb o'ylaydilarmi? Ular qanday yomon hukm qilmoqdalar!

Do those who indulge in sinful deeds think that We shall place them, both in their life and their death, on an equal footing with those who believe and do righteous deeds? Flawed is their judgement.

Xudo osmonlar va erni haqiqat asosida yaratdi, shunda har bir jon o'z amallariga yarasha mukofotlanadi.

God has created the heavens and the earth in accordance with the truth, so that every soul shall be recompensed according to its deeds.

Hech kim zulm ko'rmaydi. (21-22-oyatlar)

None shall be wronged. (Verses 21-22)

Birinchi oyatga quyidagicha ma'no berish mumkin: u oldingi kitoblar ahlidan bo'lib, o'z kitoblaridan chetga chiqqan va gunohga botgan, ammo shunga qaramay o'zlarini mo'min deb hisoblaydiganlarga nisbatan aytilgan bo'lishi mumkin. Ular o'zlarini yaxshi amallar qiladigan musulmonlar bilan bir darajada deb o'ylagan bo'lishlari mumkin. Ular, shuningdek, ikki guruh Allohning nazdida, ham bu dunyoda, ham odamlarga mukofot yoki jazo beriladigan oxirat hayotida teng deb o'ylagan bo'lishlari mumkin. Bu oyatlarni, shuningdek, odamlar Allohning tarozisida qanday baholanishini belgilovchi umumiy bayon sifatida ham olish mumkin. Bu shuni ko'rsatadiki, yaxshi amallar qiladigan mo'minlar, albatta, yuqoriroq martabada turadi. Yomonlik qiluvchilar bilan solihlarni bu dunyoda yoki oxiratda bir xil darajaga qo'yish koinot asos solingan asosiy va doimiy qoida, ya'ni haqiqat bilan ziddir. Demak, haqiqat ham koinotning, ham Ilohiy qonunning asosidir. Shunga ko'ra, koinot ham, inson hayoti ham aynan shu haqiqat orqali rivojlanishga yo'naltirilgan. Bu yomonlik qiluvchilar bilan har jihatdan yaxshilik qiluvchilar o'rtasidagi farqda namoyon bo'ladi, hamda har bir kishining hayotda nimaga erishgani asosida alohida-alohida hukm qilinishida ko'rinadi. Shunday qilib, adolat hammaga nisbatan qo'llaniladi: “Hech kimga zulm qilinmaydi.” (22-oyat) Bu doimiy haqiqat, butun koinotning poydevor toshidir.