Al-Muminun (Mo'minlar) - Qur'on soyasida | Quran Course

Al-Muminun (Mo'minlar) - Qur'on soyasida | Quran Course

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Al-Muminun (Mo'minlar)

Al-Muminun (The Believers)

by Sayyid Qutb2 min readViewed 201 times

Muqaddima

Prologue

Ushbu sura, "Mo'minlar" yoki "al-Mu'minun", o'z nomi bilan mavzusini juda aniq ko'rsatadi. U mo'minlarning fazilatlari tavsifi bilan boshlanadi va inson qalbida hamda butun koinotda imonning belgilari haqida bayon beradi. So'ngra Nuh davridan tortib to eng so'nggi payg'ambar va elchi Muhammad ﷺ gacha bo'lgan payg'ambarlar va elchilar tomonidan bayon qilingan imonning mohiyatini keltiradi (ularning hammasiga salom bo'lsin). Shuningdek, imonni inkor etuvchilarning adashuvlarini, ularning e'tirozlarini va qat'iy qarshiliklarini muhokama qiladi, bu esa Allohning elchilarini Unga yordam so'rab murojaat qilishga majbur qiladi. Shu o'rinda Xudo inkor etuvchilarni jazolaydi va mo'minlarni qutqaradi. Sura so'ngra, Xudoning elchilari vafot etganidan keyin, odamlarning hech qanday o'zgarishni qabul qilmaydigan bu haqiqat yuzasidan nizolashib ketishlari haqida so'zlaydi.

This sūrah, The Believers, or al-Mu’minūn, is defined by its name which makes its subject matter very clear. It begins with an outline of the believers’ qualities, and presents an exposition on the indicators of faith in both the human soul and the universe at large. It then moves on to present the essence of faith as expostulated by God’s messengers since the time of Noah up to Muhammad, the last of all prophets and messengers, (peace be upon them all). It also discusses the fallacies of those who deny faith, their objections and determined opposition that compel God’s messengers to appeal to Him for help. At this point, God punishes the rejecters and saves the believers. The sūrah then refers to the fact that, after God’s messengers have passed away, people fall into contention about this truth that admits no variation.

Sura bir necha qismga bo‘lingan bo‘lishi mumkin. Birinchi qism imonlilar uchun muvaffaqiyat kafolatlanganligi haqidagi bayon bilan boshlanadi: “Albatta, mo‘minlar muvaffaqiyatga erishgan bo‘lurlar.” (1-oyat) U muvaffaqiyatga erishishi aniq bo‘lgan mo‘minlarning sifatlari haqida batafsil ma’lumot beradi. Imonni rag‘batlantiruvchi va tasdiqlovchi, inson vujudida ham, kengroq koinotda ham mavjud bo‘lgan dalillarga murojaat qilgan holda, bu qism insonning dastlabki boshlanishidan to oxirgi nihoyasigacha bo‘lgan turli bosqichlarini zikr qiladi. Homilaning o‘tadigan turli bosqichlari zikr qilinganda ko‘proq batafsil to‘xtaladi, boshqa bosqichlar haqida esa faqat qisqacha ma’lumot beriladi. So‘ngra inson hayotini Qiyomat kunigacha kuzatib boradi, keyin keng koinotdagi imon dalillariga o‘tadi: osmonlarning yaratilishi, osmondan yomg‘ir yog‘ishi, o‘simliklar, ekinlar va mevalarning unib chiqishi haqida so‘z yuritadi. Shuningdek, inson ixtiyoriga berilgan chorva hayvonlari, dengizlarda suzib yuradigan kemalar va insonning ularni yo‘lda transport sifatida ishlatish qobiliyati haqida ham zikr qiladi.

The sūrah may be divided into four parts. The first begins with a statement that success is assured for the believers: “Truly, successful shall be the believers.” (Verse 1) It provides a detailed account, of the qualities of those believers who are certain to be successful. Referring to signs that encourage and endorse faith, which are found both in human beings and in the universe at large, this part mentions the different stages of human life from its early beginnings to its final end. It elaborates much when it mentions the different stages an embryo goes through while providing only a brief outline of other stages. It then follows human life up to the Day of Resurrection before moving on to signs of faith in the wide universe, referring to the creation of the heavens, rain falling from the sky, bringing forth vegetation, plants and fruits. It also mentions animals that are placed at the disposal of human beings, ships traversing the seas and man’s ability to use such ships and animals for transport.

Ikkinchi qism bizni imonning haqiqatiga ishora qiluvchi dalillardan barcha Xudo elchilari, istisnosiz, targ‘ib qilgan imonning haqiqati haqidagi muhokamaga olib o‘tadi: "Ey qavmim, faqat Xudoga ibodat qilinglar, chunki Undan boshqa ilohingiz yo‘q." (23-oyat) Bu so‘zlarni Nuh va undan keyin kelgan har bir elchi, Xudoning so‘nggi elchisi Muhammad ﷺ gacha aytgan. Kofirlar doim bir xil e’tirozlarni bildirganlar: "Bu odam ham sizlar kabi oddiy insondir", va "Xudo xohlaganida, albatta, farishtalarni nozil qilardi." (24-oyat) Yana bir e’tiroz Xudo elchilari bergan va’daga taalluqli: "U sizlarga va’da qilyaptimi, siz o‘lib, tuproq va suyakka aylanib ketganingizdan keyin, yana tirik holingizda chiqarilasizmi?" (35-oyat) Natijada elchilar doim Xudodan yordam so‘ragan. U ularning iltijolariga javob berib, kofirlarni halok qilgan. Bu qism barcha elchilarga qaratilgan xitob bilan yakunlanadi: "Halol va pokiza narsalardan yenglar va yaxshi amallar qilinglar, Men sizlarning qilayotgan barcha ishlaringizdan albatta xabardorman."

The second part takes us from the indicators pointing out the reality of faith to a discussion of the truth of faith as advocated by all God’s messengers, without exception: “My people, worship God alone: for you have no deity other than Him.” (Verse 23) This is a statement made by Noah, and by every messenger that followed him, up to Muhammad, God’s final Messenger. The unbelievers always made the same objections: “This man is but a mortal like yourselves,” and “had God willed, He would have surely sent down angels.” (Verse 24) Another objection refers to the promise made by God’s messengers: “Does he promise you that, after you have died and become dust and bones, you shall be brought forth to life?” (Verse 35) The result was always that messengers appealed to God for support. He answered their appeals and destroyed the unbelievers. This part concludes with an address to all messengers: “Eat of that which is wholesome, and do good deeds: I certainly have full knowledge of all that you do.

Uchinchi qismda Allohning elchilari ketganidan keyin odamlarning bu muhim haqiqat yuzasidan bo‘linib, nizoga tushib qolgani haqida so‘z boradi: "Odamlar o‘zlarini guruhlarga bo‘lib yuborishdi, har bir guruh o‘zidagi narsadan xursand bo‘lib yurdi." (53-oyat) Shuningdek, Alloh ularni bergan ne’matlari bilan sinab ko‘rayotganidan bexabar bo‘lgan odamlar haqida gapiriladi. Ular o‘zlari bahramand bo‘layotgan boylik bilan aldanib qolgan. Mo‘minlar esa, aksincha, Allohdan qo‘rqadi, faqat Unga ibodat qiladi va Unga hech narsani sherik qilmaydi. Shu bilan birga ular to‘liq ogoh bo‘lib, qalblarida xushu’ bilan yuradilar: "Ular qalblari qo‘rquv bilan to‘lgan holda, albatta Robbilariga qaytishlarini biladilar." (60-oyat) Bu o‘rinda iymon haqiqatidan bexabar bo‘lganlarning Allohning azobiga duchor bo‘lib, yordam so‘rab faryod qilishlari tasvirlanadi, ammo ularga qattiq ta’na qilinadi: "Oyatlarim sizlarga necha bor o‘qib eshittirilgan edi, lekin siz har safar kibringizdan orqaga o‘girilar, tunda ko‘p gaplashib, behuda suhbat qilar edingiz." (66-67-oyatlar) Sura ularning Allohning Elchisiga bo‘lgan munosabatini qoralaydi. Ular uning rostgo‘y va sadoqatli ekanini yaxshi bilardilar. Endi u haqiqat xabari bilan ularning oldiga, hech qanday haq so‘ramay kelgan ekan, ular uni va u targ‘ib qilayotgan haqiqatni qanday rad etishlari mumkin? Ular osmonlar va yerdagi hamma narsa Allohniki ekanini, ular Uning nazorati ostida ekanini va Uning yagona Robbi ekanini tan olsalar-da, qiyomat kunini inkor etadilar. Ular yolg‘onda yanada ilgarilab, Allohning farzandi bor deb da’vo qiladilar va Unga sherik keltiradilar. "U ular sherik qilayotgan narsalardan yuksak poklangandir." (92-oyat)

The third part speaks about the fact that after God’s messengers had gone, people were divided and fell into contention over this essential truth: “People have divided themselves into factions, each delighting in what they have.” (Verse 53) It further speaks about people being oblivious of the fact that God tests them with the blessings He bestows on them. They are deluded by the riches they enjoy. The believers, on the other hand, remain God-fearing, worship Him alone and associate no partners with Him. At the same time they remain fully alert, with awe in their hearts: “Their hearts lard filled with awe, knowing that to their Lord they shall certainly return.” (Verse 60) At this point, an image is portrayed showing those who were oblivious of the truth of faith being overwhelmed by God’s punishment. They cry out for help, but they are strongly reproached: “Time and again were My revelations recited to you, but every time you would turn about on your heels, revelling in your arrogance, and talking senselessly far into the night.” (Verses 66-67) The sūrah denounces their attitude towards God’s Messenger whom they knew well to be honest and truthful. Now that he has come to them with the message of the truth, asking for no wages, how can they reject him and the truth he advocates? Although they acknowledge that to God belongs all that is in the heavens and the earth, which are all under His control as He is their only Lord, they reject the very concept of resurrection. They go further in their falsehood, claiming that God has a son and associating partners with Him. “Sublimely exalted is He above anything they associate as partner with Him.” (Verse 92)