Az-Zumar (Guruhlar) - Qur'on soyasida | Quran Course

Az-Zumar (Guruhlar) - Qur'on soyasida | Quran Course

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Az-Zumar (Guruhlar)

Al-Zumar (The Throngs)

by Sayyid Qutb4 min readViewed 207 times

Muqaddima

Prologue

Ushbu surа deyarli butunlay Xudoning birligi masalasi haqida. U inson qalbiga turli ohanglarda murojaat qiladi, go'yo o'z cholg'usining barcha tovushlarini chalib, chuqur va barqaror ta'sir uyg'otadi. Buni u Xudoning birligi tamoyilining ildizlarini mustahkam o'rnatish, qalbni uning suratini buzishi mumkin bo'lgan har qanday narsadan poklash uchun qiladi. Shunday qilib, surа boshidan oxirigacha turli yo'llar bilan faqat bitta mavzuni yoritadi.

This sūrah deals almost exclusively with the issue of God’s oneness. It varies its address to the human heart, striking the full range of tones on its instrument so as to produce a sustained and profound effect. This it does to firmly establish the roots of the principle of God’s oneness, purging the heart of anything that could mar its image. Thus, from start to finish, the sūrah variously deals with just one subject.

Ushbu masalaga darhol e'tibor qaratilgan: "Bu kitob qudratli va donishmand Alloh tomonidan nozil qilingan. Biz sizga haqiqatni bayon etuvchi bu vahiyni yuqoridan nozil qildik. Shuning uchun faqat Allohga ibodat qiling, imoningizni Unga holis qilgan holda. Sof ibodat faqat Allohgagina xosdir." (1-3-oyatlar) U yana muntazam ravishda takrorlanadi, ya'ni yo aniq bayon etilgan holda, yoki mulohaza qilinishi lozim bo'lgan tushuncha sifatida. Birinchi turga misollar: "Ayting: "Menga faqat Allohga, imonimni Unga holis qilgan holda ibodat qilish buyurilgan. Menga Unga birinchi bo'lib bo'ysunuvchilardan bo'lish buyurilgan". Ayting: "Agar Parvardigorimga itoatsizlik qilsam, dahshatli kunning azobidan qo'rqaman". Ayting: "Men faqat Allohga, imonimni Unga holis qilgan holda ibodat qilaman. Unga sig'inmay, xohlaganingizga sig'inavering"." (11-15-oyatlar) "Ayting: "Ey johil odamlar! Meni Allohdan boshqasiga ibodat qilishga buyurasizmi?" Sizga va sizdan oldingilarga vahiy qilindiki, agar Allohga sherik keltirsangiz, barcha amallaringiz albatta behuda ketadi va siz albatta ziyon ko'ruvchilardan bo'lasiz. Faqat Allohga ibodat qiling va shukr qiluvchilardan bo'ling." (64-66-oyatlar) Endi ikkinchi turga ikki misol keltiriladi: "Alloh bir-biriga zid bo'lgan bir necha xo'jayinga xizmat qiladigan odam va butunlay bir kishiga tegishli bo'lgan odam misolini keltiradi."

“Xushxabar o‘sha kishilarga bo‘lsinki, ular butlarga sig‘inishdan yiroq bo‘lib, Allohga qaytadilar. Bas, bandalarimga xushxabar ber, ular so‘zni tinglab, uning eng go‘zaliga ergashadilar. Mana shular Alloh hidoyat bergan kishilardir va mana shular aql egalaridir.” (17-18-oyatlar) “Alloh eng go‘zal so‘zni – bir-biriga o‘xshash, takrorlanuvchi, mazmuni bir-biriga mos kitobni nozil qildi. Uning oyatlaridan Rabbidan qo‘rqqanlarning badanlari junjikadi, so‘ngra ularning badanlari va qalblari Allohning zikriga yumshaydi. Bu Allohning hidoyatidir; U unga xohlaganini hidoyat qiladi. Alloh adashtirgan kishining esa hech qanday hidoyatchisi bo‘lmas.” (23-oyat) “Inson boshiga musibat tushganda, Rabbiga yolvorib, Unga qaytadi. So‘ngra U unga o‘zidan ne’mat ato etganda, ilgari yolvorgan narsasini unutadi va Allohga sherik keltirib, Uning yo‘lidan boshqalarni ham adashtiradi. Ayt: ‘Kufring bilan oz muddat bahra ol, sen do‘zax ahlidan bo‘lasan.’” (8-oyat)

“There is good news for those who shun the worship of false deities and turn to God, so give good news to My servants, who listen carefully to what is said and follow the best of it. These are the ones whom God has graced with His guidance, and these are the ones endowed with insight.” (Verses 17-18) “God has bestowed from on high the best of all teachings: a book that is consistent within itself repeating its statements [of the truth] in manifold forms. It causes the skins of those who stand in awe of their Lord to shiver, but then their skins and hearts soften at the mention of God. Such is God’s guidance.. He guides with it him that wills, whereas the one whom God lets go astray can never find any guide.” (Verse 23) “When man suffers affliction, he cries out to his Lord, turning to Him for help; but once He bestows upon him a favour by His grace, he forgets what he cried and prayed for earlier, and claims that others are equal to God, thus leading others astray from His path. Say [to him]: ‘Enjoy yourself for a while in your disbelief for you are one of those destined to the fire.” (Verse 8)

“Yet much greater will be the suffering of the life to come, if they but knew it.” (Verse 26) “Is not there in hell a proper abode for the unbelievers?” (Verse 32) “If the wrongdoers possessed all that is on earth, and twice as much, they would surely offer it all as ransom from the awful suffering on the Day of Resurrection. For God will have made obvious to them something they have never reckoned with.” (Verse 47) “Turn towards your Lord and submit to Him before the suffering comes upon you, for then you cannot be helped. Follow the best that has been revealed to you by your Lord before the suffering comes upon you of a sudden, without your being aware of it, lest anyone should say: ‘Woe is me for having neglected what is due to God, and for having been one of those who scoffed [at the truth]’; or lest he should say: If God had but guided me, I would surely have been among the God-fearing; or lest he should say, when faced by the suffering [that awaits him]: If only I could have a second chance in life, I will be among those who do good.’” (Verses 54-58) Moreover, a large part of the sūrah draws complete scenes of the hereafter, thereby adding to its overall ambience. Note: the translation above is a copy of the English text and was not actually rendered into Uzbek. Here is the proper Uzbek translation: «Lekin agar bilsalar, oxirat azobi yanada kattaroqdir.» (26-oyat) «Kofirlar uchun do‘zaxda munosib joy yo‘qmi?» (32-oyat) «Agar zolimlarda yer yuzidagi hamma narsa va yana shuncha bo‘lsa ham, qiyomat kunidagi dahshatli azobdan qutulish uchun ularning hammasini fidya sifatida berishga tayyor bo‘lishardi. Chunki Alloh ular hisobga olmagan narsalarni ularga ayon qiladi.» (47-oyat) «Azob sizga kelib, yordam topa olmasligingizdan oldin Rabbingizga qayting va Unga bo‘ysuning. Azob sizga bexabar holda birdaniga kelmasidan oldin, Rabbingiz tomonidan sizga nozil qilingan eng yaxshi narsaga ergashing. Shunda biror kishi: “Voy, Alloh oldidagi burchimni e’tiborsiz qoldirib, masxara qiluvchilardan bo‘lganimga afsus!” demasin; yoki: “Agar Alloh meni hidoyat qilganida, albatta, taqvodorlardan bo‘lardim”, demasin; yoki azobni ko‘rganida: “Agar menga yana bir bor qaytish imkoniyati berilsa, yaxshilik qiluvchilardan bo‘lardim”, demasin.» (54-58-oyatlar) Bundan tashqari, surangning katta qismi oxirat haqidagi to‘liq manzaralarni chizib beradi va shu bilan butun surага o‘ziga xos ruhiy muhit baxsh etadi.

“Yet much greater will be the suffering of the life to come, if they but knew it.” (Verse 26) “Is not there in hell a proper abode for the unbelievers?” (Verse 32) “If the wrongdoers possessed all that is on earth, and twice as much, they would surely offer it all as ransom from the awful suffering on the Day of Resurrection. For God will have made obvious to them something they have never reckoned with.” (Verse 47) “Turn towards your Lord and submit to Him before the suffering comes upon you, for then you cannot be helped. Follow the best that has been revealed to you by your Lord before the suffering comes upon you of a sudden, without your being aware of it, lest anyone should say: ‘Woe is me for having neglected what is due to God, and for having been one of those who scoffed [at the truth]’; or lest he should say: If God had but guided me, I would surely have been among the God-fearing; or lest he should say, when faced by the suffering [that awaits him]: If only I could have a second chance in life, I will be among those who do good.’” (Verses 54-58) Moreover, a large part of the sūrah draws complete scenes of the hereafter, thereby adding to its overall ambience.

Sura ichida amaliy hayot va inson tabiatiga oid ma'lumotlar ham bor. Xususan, sura boshida insoniyatning kelib chiqishi haqida shunday deyilgan: "U sizlarni bitta jondan yaratdi, undan uning juftini paydo qildi va sizlarga chorva hayvonlaridan sakkiz juftni in'om etdi. U sizlarni onalaringizning qorinlarida, uch qat zulmat ichida, bir yaratilishdan keyin boshqasini yaratib joylaydi. Mana shu Alloh sizlarning Parvardigoringizdir, mulk Unikidir. Undan boshqa iloh yo'q. Qanday qilib haqdan yuz o'girasizlar?" (6-oyat) Inson ahvolidagi qiyinchilik va yengillik paytidagi munosabatiga oid quyidagi ikki misol keltirilgan: "Inson boshiga musibat tushganda Parvardigoriga iltijo qilib, Unga yuzlanadi; so'ngra U unga o'zidan ne'mat ato etganda, ilgari chaqirib duo qilgan narsasini unutadi." (8-oyat) "Inson boshiga musibat tushganda Bizga iltijo qiladi; so'ngra Biz unga o'zimizdan ne'mat ato etganimizda: «Bu menga bilimim tufayli berildi», deydi. Yo'q! Bu bir sinovdir, xolos." (49-oyat) Shuningdek, insonlarning jonlari doimo Alloh qudratida ekanligi ta'kidlangan: "Alloh o'limi kelganda jonlarni oladi, tirik kishilarning jonlarini esa uyquda oladi. So'ngra o'limi hukm qilingan kishilarning jonini ushlab qoladi, boshqalarini esa belgilangan muddatgacha qaytaradi. Bunda tafakkur qiladigan qavm uchun albatta ibratlar bor." (42-oyat)

The sūrah also includes references to practical life and human nature. Thus, early in the sūrah there is a reference to the origins of humanity: “He has created you all from a single soul, and from it He fashioned its mate; and He has bestowed on you four kinds of cattle in pairs; and He creates you in your mothers’ wombs, one act of creation after another, in threefold depths of darkness. Such is God, your Lord: to Him belongs all dominion. There is no deity other than Him. How, then, can you lose sight of the truth?” (Verse 6) On the nature of human reactions in situations of both adversity and pleasant ease there are the following two examples: “When man suffers affliction, he cries out to his Lord, turning to Him for help; but once He bestows upon him a favour by His grace, he forgets what he cried and prayed for earlier.” (Verse 8) “When man suffers affliction, he cries out to Us; but once We bestow upon him a favour by Our grace, he says: I have been given all this by virtue of my knowledge.’ By no means! It is but a test.” (Verse 49) The fact that people’s souls are always in God’s grasp is also highlighted: “God takes away people’s souls upon their death, and the souls of the living during their sleep. He keeps with. Him the souls of those whose death He has ordained and sends back the others until their appointed time. In all this there are signs for people who reflect.” (Verse 42)