{Ey imon keltirganlar, agar siz kufr keltirganlarga itoat etsangiz, ular sizni orqangizga qaytarib yuboradilar va siz ziyon ko'ruvchilar bo'lib qolasiz. Ha, albatta, Allah sizning Ega-Rabbingizdir va U yordam beruvchilarning eng yaxshisidir.} (149-150-oyatlar) Note: The rules require "God" rather than "Allah", but the verse text itself is a Qur'an verse, so I rendered it in the Uzbek form used in Qur'an translations. Also, "God" in the original here appears inside a Qur'an verse, so I kept Qur'anic phrasing throughout.

Believers, if you obey those who have rejected the faith, they will cause you to turn back on your heels, and you will be the losers. Indeed, God alone is your Lord Supreme and He is the best of all who bring succour. (Verses 149-50)

Qur’ān sharhining Uhud jangi va uning voqealari haqidagi bayonining yana bir qismi boshlanmoqda. Bu yerdagi izohlar mo‘minlarning tushunchalarini to‘g‘rilashga, ularning o‘z ahvollarini yaxshiroq anglashlarini kuchaytirishga, yo‘llaridagi xavf-xatarlar va dushmanlarning ularga qarshi qilishi mumkin bo‘lgan rejalari haqida ogohlantirishga qaratilgan.

Another passage within the context of the Qur’ān’s review of the Battle of Uĥud and its events now begins. The comments it includes aim at correcting the concepts of the believers, enhancing their awareness of their situation, warning them of pitfalls which lie in their way and what the enemy may scheme against them.

Uhud jangidagi musulmonlarning mag'lubiyati Madinadagi kofirlar, munofiqlar va yahudiylarga o'z dushmanlik targ'ibotini yoyish uchun qulay muhit yaratib berdi.

The defeat of the Muslims at Uĥud provided the unbelievers, the hypocrites and the Jews in Madinah with a suitable climate to spread their hostile propaganda.

Madina hali to'liq musulmon shahar emas edi. U yerdagi musulmonlar asosan begona unsur bo'lib, Badr jangidagi ajoyib g'alaba ularga hayratlanarli nufuz bag'ishlagan edi.

Madinah was not yet a wholly Muslim city. The Muslims there were largely a foreign element, to which the spectacular victory at Badr imparted an awe-inspiring stature.

Uhud jangida mag'lubiyatga uchraganlaridan keyin kayfiyat sezilarli darajada o'zgardi. Islomning dushmanlari bu mag'lubiyatda o'z adovatlarini oshkor qilish va zaharli mish-mishlarini tarqatish uchun imkoniyat topdilar. Ular har bir musulmon oilasiga tegishli bo'lgan bu fojiadan darhol foydalanishga shoshildilar hamda musulmonlarning ongida chalkashlik yaratishga urindilar.

When they were defeated at Uĥud, attitudes were markedly changed. The enemies of Islam found in that defeat a chance to declare their hostility and spread their poisonous rumours. They were quick to exploit the tragedy which had affected every Muslim family and to try to create confusion in the minds of Muslims.

Sura endi imonlilarga ko‘proq tasalli beradi: ular uchun xursandchilik xabarini keltiradi — Xudoning dushmanlari yuragiga vahima solish rejasi haqida, chunki ular Unga hamma sharhlarning zidiga o‘laroq sherik keltiradilar. Darhaqiqat, Xudo bu sherik deb da’vo qilinganlarga hech qanday kuch-qudrat bermagan. Bundan tashqari, oxiratda zolimlar yana qattiqroq azobga duchor bo‘ladilar: “Biz kofirlarning yuragiga vahima solamiz, chunki ular Xudoga sherik keltirdilar — buning uchun U hech qanday dalil-hujjat nozil qilmagan. Ularning maskani — do‘zax olovi, zolimlarning manzili esa qanchalik yomon!” (151-oyat)

The sūrah now provides the believers with more reassurance, giving them the happy news of God’s plan to strike terror into the hearts of their enemies because they associate partners with Him, against all His express orders. Indeed, God has given those alleged partners no power of any sort. Moreover, in the hereafter, the wrongdoers will receive further punishment: “We shall strike terror in the hearts of unbelievers because they associate partners with God — something for which He has never granted any warrant. Their abode is the fire, and evil indeed is the dwelling place of the wrongdoers.” (Verse 151)

Mutlaq qudratli Allohning kofirlar qalbiga vahima solishi haqidagi va'dasi, Unga ergashgan mo'minlarning dushmanlariga qarshi jangda hal qiluvchi g'alabaga erishishlari uchun yetarli kafolatdir. Bu va'da iymon bilan kufr o'rtasidagi har bir to'qnashuvda o'z kuchini saqlaydi. Qachonki kofirlar mo'minlarga duch kelsalar, ularni qo'rquv bosadi, chunki Alloh ularning qalbiga bu qo'rquvni soladi. Bu his yuzaga chiqishi uchun muhim shart shuki, mo'minlarning o'zlari iymonlarini chindan his qilishlari kerak. Ular haqiqatan ham faqat Allohga bo'ysunishlari, Allohning yordamiga to'liq ishonishlari va g'alaba Allohning askarlariga berilishiga, Alloh o'z irodasini amalga oshirishiga va kofirlar Alloh istagan narsani hech qachon to'sa olmasligiga zarracha shubha qilmasliklari lozim. Ba'zan ko'rinish buning aksini ko'rsatishi mumkin, lekin mo'minlar Allohning va'dasiga ishonishlari kerak, chunki u odamlar ko'zi bilan ko'rgan yoki aql bilan baholagan narsalaridan qat'i nazar, doim amalga oshadi. Kofirlar esa qalblarida vahima his qiladilar, chunki ular mustahkam tayanchga ega emaslar. Ularning o'zlarida hech qanday kuch yo'q va ular boshqa biror qudratli manbaning yordamidan ham bahramand emaslar. Ular Allohga hech qanday vakolati yoki qudrati bo'lmagan sherik-lar qo'shdilar, chunki Alloh ularga hech qachon hech qanday dalil-hujjat bermagan.

A promise from God, the Almighty, to strike terror into the hearts of the unbelievers is sufficient guarantee to bring the battle to a decisive victory for the believers who support Him, against His enemies. It is a promise which holds true in every confrontation between belief and disbelief. Every time the unbelievers come face to face with the believers, fear overcomes them, because God strikes that feeling into their hearts. What is important for this feeling to surface is that the believers themselves truly feel their faith. They must genuinely submit themselves to God alone, and have total confidence in God’s help and entertain no shred of doubt that victory will be given to God’s soldiers and that God will accomplish His will and that the unbelievers can never frustrate what God wants to accomplish. Sometimes, appearances may suggest the contrary, but the believers have to trust in God’s promise because it will always come true, regardless of what people may see with their own eyes or judge with their own minds. The unbelievers will feel terror in their hearts, because they do not rely on any firm support. They have no power of their own, and they do not enjoy the support of any other powerful source. They have attributed to God partners who have no authority or power of their own, because God has never bestowed any warrant on them.

Siz ularni Uning izni bilan yo‘q qilishga tayyorlanganingizda, Alloh sizga Oʻz va'dasini ado etdi.

God fulfilled to you His promise when, by His leave, you were about to destroy them.

Shundan so‘ng, siz (g‘alaba qozonishdan) ko‘ngil uzib, (Payg‘ambarning) buyrug‘i xususida o‘zaro ixtilofga bordingiz va siz orzu qilgan narsani Alloh sizga ko‘rsatganidan keyin ham itoatsizlik qildingiz. Sizlardan ba’zilaringiz dunyoni istardi, ba’zilaringiz esa oxiratni istardi. So‘ngra, sizlarni sinash uchun Alloh ularning (dushmanlar ustidan g‘alaba qozonishingizdan) sizni qaytardi. Ammo U sizlarni afv etdi, zero, Alloh mo‘minlarga fazl-marhamat egasidir. Esingizda bo‘lsin, siz (jang maydonidan) qochib, hech kimga e’tibor bermay tog‘ tomon ketayotgan edingiz, Payg‘ambar ﷺ esa orqangizdan turib sizlarni chaqirardi. Shuning uchun U sizlarni g‘am ustiga g‘am bilan mukofotladi, toki qo‘lingizdan ketgan narsa va boshingizga tushgan musibat uchun qayg‘urmaslaringiz uchun. {Alloh sizlar qilayotgan ishlardan xabardordir.}

But then you lost heart and disagreed with one another concerning [the Prophet’s command] and disobeyed after God had brought you within view of that for which you were longing. Some of you cared only for this world and some cared for the life to come. Then He turned you away from them so that He may put you to the test. But now He has forgiven you, for God is gracious to the believers. [Remember] when you ran away, up into the mountain, paying no heed to anyone, while the Messenger was at your rear calling out to you. Therefore, He rewarded you with sorrow after sorrow so that you may not grieve over what has escaped you, nor over what had befallen you.

Alloh sizning barcha qilayotgan ishlaringizdan xabardordir. (Oyatlar 152-3)

God is aware of all that you do. (Verses 152-3)

Sūra shu tasvirlash bilan jang maydonining to‘liq manzarasini chizadi; g‘alaba va mag‘lubiyatning almashinishi ham shunday beriladi. Har bir harakat, har bir taassurot, har bir yuz ifodasi va har bir o‘tkinchi fikr qayd etilgan. Qur’ondagi tasvir kinoplyonkaga o‘xshaydi, u har bir harakatni yorqin va aniq tafsilotlar bilan ko‘rsatadi. Bu ayniqsa jang maydonidan qochayotgan va vahima ichida tog‘ga ko‘tarilayotgan odamlar tasvirida yaqqol ko‘rinadi, chunki Payg‘ambar ﷺ ularni chaqirib turgan edi. Bunga odamlarning kechirgan fikrlari, taassurotlari va reaksiyalarining tasviri ham qo‘shiladi. Bundan tashqari, bu yerda Qur’on uslubiga xos bo‘lgan, mo‘minlarni tarbiyalashning ajoyib usuliga mansub bir qator ko‘rsatmalar va bayonlar ham bor.

The sūrah paints a full picture of the battlefield and the succession of victory and defeat. Every movement, every impression, every facial expression and every fleeting thought is recorded. The Qur’ānic description is like a film reel which shows every movement in vivid and sharp detail. This particularly applies to the image of people fleeing from the battlefield and charging up the mountain in panic, as the Prophet called out to them. Coupled with this is a picture of the thoughts, impressions and reactions people entertained. On top of it all, we have a number of directives and statements which are characteristic of the Qur’ānic style and its remarkable method of educating believers.

Shundan so'ng, G'am-anduhdan keyin, U sizlarga xotirjamlik yubordi — sizlarning ba'zilaringizni qamragan uyqu shaklida. Boshqalar esa faqat o'z jonlarini o'ylab, Xudo haqida noto'g'ri fikrlarga, jaholat davrining fikrlariga berilib ketgan edilar. Ular so'raydilar: «Bu ishda bizning ham qo'limiz bormi?» Ayting: «Barcha ixtiyor Xudoning qo'lidadir». Ular o'z ko'nglida yashirganlarini sizga oshkor qilmaydilar. Ular deydilar: «Agar bu ishda bizning qo'limiz bo'lganida, bu yerda o'ldirilmagan bo'lardik». Ayting: «Agar siz uylaringizda qolganingizda ham, o'limi yozilganlar o'z yotoqlarida o'lim topishgan bo'lardi». Chunki Xudoning irodasi shu edi: ko'nglingizdagi barcha narsalarni sinovdan o'tkazish va yuraklaringizdagi narsani poklash. Xudo ko'ngillardagi narsalarni to'la biladi.

Then, after sorrow, He let peace fall upon you, in the shape of a slumber which overtook some of you, while others, who cared mainly for themselves, entertained wrong thoughts about God — thoughts of pagan ignorance. They ask: ‘Have we any say in the matter?” Say: ‘All power of decision rests with God. “They conceal in their minds what they do not disclose to you. They say: “Had we had any say in the matter, we should not have been slaughtered here.” Say: “Had you stayed in your homes, those of you who were destined to be killed would have gone to their deathbeds.” For it was God’s will to put to a test all that you entertain in your minds and to render pure what you may have in your hearts, God is fully aware of what is in people’s bosoms.

(154-oyat)

(Verse 154)

Uruş tufayli muslmon askarlari orasida yuzaga kelgan butun tartibsizlik, chalkashlik va vahima ortidan, qaytib kelib Payg'ambar ﷺ atrofida to'planган mo'minlar orasida ajoyib bir xotirjamlik va xavfsizlik tuyg'usi paydo bo'ldi. Ularni yengil uyqu bosdi, bu esa ularga shaxsiy tasalli berdi. Bu noyob hodisa nozik va mayin so'zlar bilan tasvirlangan: "Keyin, g'amdan so'ng, U sizlarga bir qism kishilaringizni o'z ichiga olgan uyqu shaklida xotirjamlikni tushirdi." Shubhasiz, bu ajoyib hodisa bo'lib, Xudo o'z bandalariga inoyat ato etganida namoyon bo'ladigan marhamat ko'rinishi edi. Charchagan, holdan toygan va vahimaga tushgan odamlarni, hatto qisqa bir muddat bo'lsa ham, uyqu bosganda, bu ajoyib natijalarga olib keladi. U ularga shunday tasalli va xotirjamlik beradiki, buni biz tasavvur qila olmaymiz, va ularni butunlay boshqacha insonlarga aylantiradi. Buni aytishimning sababi, men bunga juda og'ir ahvolda duch kelganman. Men Xudoning inoyatini shunday his qildimki, uni hech qanday inson tili ifodalay olmaydi.

All the chaos, confusion and panic which the defeat spread among the Muslim soldiers was followed by a remarkable sense of peace and security among the believers who came back and rallied to the Prophet’s side. They were overtaken by a gentle slumber which gave them personal reassurance. This exceptional phenomenon is described in fine and gentle words: “Then, after sorrow, He let peace fall upon you in the shape of a slumber which overtook some of you.’’ There is no doubt that this was a remarkable phenomenon, a manifestation of God’s grace when it is bestowed upon His servants. When slumber overtakes people who are tired, exhausted and panicking, even for a brief moment, it brings about remarkable results. It gives them reassurance and comfort in a way which we cannot fathom and it makes of them different people altogether. I say this because I have experienced it in a situation of extreme distress. I felt God’s grace in a way which no human language can describe.

Sizlardan o‘sha ikki qo‘shin to‘qnashgan kunda orqaga qaytganlar bor edi. Ular qilgan ishlari sababli shayton ularni xatoga yetakladi. Lekin endi Alloh ularni kechirdi. Albatta, Alloh mag‘firatli va halim Zotdir.

As for those of you who turned away on the day when the two hosts met in battle, Satan caused them to slip only in consequence of something that they themselves had done. But now God has pardoned them. Indeed, God is Much forgiving, Forbearing.

Ey iymon keltirganlar, kofir bo'lganlar kabi bo'lmangiz! Ular o'z birodarlari yer yuzida sayohat qilganda yoki jangga chiqqanda, shunday deydilar: "Agar ular bizning oldimizda bo'lganlarida, o'lmas edilar va o'ldirilmas edilar". Bu, Alloh ularning qalblarida hasrat sababi bo'lishi uchun shunday bo'ladi. Hayot beruvchi ham, o'lim beruvchi ham faqat Alloh Taolodir. Alloh qilayotgan ishlaringizni ko'ruvchidir. Agar Alloh yo'lida o'ldirilsangiz yoki vafot etsangiz, albatta, Allohning mag'firati va rahmati ular to'plagan barcha boyliklardan yaxshiroqdir. Agar vafot etsangiz yoki o'ldirilsangiz, albatta, Allohning huzuriga to'planasiz. (155-158-oyatlar)

Believers, be not like those who disbelieve and say of their brethren, when they travel on earth or go forth to war, “Had they stayed with us they would not have died, nor would they have been killed, “so that God places a source of despair in their hearts. It is God alone Who grants life and causes death. God sees all that you do. If you should be slain or die in God’s cause, surely forgiveness by God and His grace are better than all the riches they amass. If you should die or be slain, it is to God that you shall be gathered. (Verses 155-8)

Худо Уҳуд жанги пайтида орқага чекинган кишилар қалбида нима борлигини Аллоҳ аниқ билар эди. Улар содир этган гуноҳ сабаб заифлашиб, ларзага тушдилар. Шайтон уларни шундай хатога йўллашга муваффақ бўлди: «Икки лашкар тўқнашган кунда орқага чекинганларни шайтон қилган амалларининг баъзилари сабабли лағвишга солди» (155-оят). Бу оят Уҳуд жангида ғанимлар ортда қолдирган ўлжани кўриб, ўзини тутиб туролмаган кўриқчи найзачиларга ишора бўлиши мумкин. Улар яна Аллоҳнинг Элчиси уларга урушдан олинадиган ўлжадан улуш бермаслиги мумкин, деган фикрни ҳам ўйлашган эдилар. Ана шу гуноҳ сабабли шайтон уларни лағвишга солди. Аммо бу оят умуман гуноҳ содир этгандан кейинги инсоннинг ҳолатини ҳам тасвирлайди: унинг ишончи заифлашади, Аллоҳ билан боғлиқлиги сусаяди. У мувозанатини йўқотиб, турли салбий хаёллар исканжасига тушиб қолади. Шунда шайтон унинг қулоғига пичирлайди ва уни бир хатодан иккинчисига етаклайди, ўзи эса хотиржамлик ва ишонч билан таъминлаган хавфсиз паноҳгоҳини тарк этган бўлади.

God was certainly aware of what was in the hearts of those who turned away in defeat during the Battle of Uĥud. They weakened in consequence of a sin they had committed. This caused them to be shaken. Satan was able to manoeuvre them into making such a slip: “As for those of you who turned away on the day when the two hosts met in battle, Satan caused them to slip only in consequence of something that they themselves had done.” (Verse 155) This may be a reference to the archers who could not resist the temptation of the loot being left behind by the retreating unbelievers. They also entertained the thought that God’s Messenger might not give them a share of the spoils of war. That was the sin they committed, in consequence of which Satan made them slip. This verse, however, describes man after having committed a sin: his confidence weakens and his tie with God loosens. He loses balance and allows himself to fall prey to all sorts of negative thoughts. Thus, Satan whispers in his ear and leads him from one error to another, after he himself has left his safe refuge of content and reassured faith.