Ushbu oyat, ehtimol, Tabuk yurishi uchun umumiy safarbarlik e'lon qilinganidan keyin nozil bo'lgan. Payg'ambarga (ﷺ) Vizantiyaliklar Arabiston chegaralari yaqinidagi Suriyaning janubida katta qo'shin joylashtirayotgani haqida xabar yetib kelgan. Unga yana Vizantiya imperatori jangga qatnashadigan barcha askarlarga maoshlarini bir yil oldindan berish to'g'risida buyruq berganligi ham aytilgan.

It is perhaps most likely that the present passage was revealed after the order was given for general mobilization for the Tabūk Expedition. The Prophet received intelligence that the Byzantines were deploying large forces in southern Syria near the borders with Arabia. He was also informed that the Byzantine Emperor had ordered that all soldiers taking part should be given their salaries a year in advance.

Bu hudud atrofidagi bir qator arab qabilalari, jumladan Lukham, Judām, ʿĀmilah va G‘assān ham Vizantiya qo‘shinlariga qo‘shilgan edi, oldinga yurgan qismlar esa allaqachon Filastindagi al-Balqāʾda joylashtirilgan edi. Shuning uchun Payg‘ambar ﷺ Vizantiyaliklarga qarshi urushga tayyorlanish haqida buyruq berdi.

A number of Arab tribes in the area, such as Lukham, Judām, `Amilah and Ghassān had also joined the Byzantine forces, and advance units had already been deployed in al-Balqā’ in Palestine. Therefore, the Prophet issued an order to prepare for war against the Byzantines.

Peyg'ambarimizning ﷺ Madinadan dushmanga qarshi chiqqanda tutgan odatiy usuli shu edi: u o'z maqsadini yashirar edi, shunda hujum kutilmagan bo'lar edi. Ammo bu safar u, uzoq yo'l va og'ir sharoitlar kutilayotgani sababli, maqsadini juda aniq qilib bayon etdi. Bu yurishning vaqti jazirama yoz kunlariga to'g'ri keldi; odamlar soyada panoh izlar va yozgi mevalardan bahramand bo'lishni istar edi. Bunday paytda har qanday jismoniy harakatdan, ayniqsa uydan uzoqda harbiy to'qnashuvdan, qochish kerak edi. Shu sababli, Muqaddimada zikr etgan alomatlar musulmonlar orasida paydo bo'la boshladi. Munofiqlar buni o'zlari uchun imkoniyat deb bildilar va musulmonlarni Peyg'ambar ﷺ bilan birga yurishdan qaytarishga urindilar. Ular jazirama yozda yurishmaslikni maslahat berdilar, Rum (Vizantiya) qudratidan va bosib o'tishlari kerak bo'lgan uzoq, holdan toydiruvchi yo'ldan ogohlantirdilar. Shu tariqa ba'zi odamlar notinch bo'la boshladi. Mazkur bo'lim aynan shunday ikkilanish haqida.

It was the Prophet’s standard strategy when he set out of Madinah to confront an enemy that he kept his destination unknown in order to maintain an element of surprise. This time, however, he made his objective very clear because of the long travelling expected and the difficult circumstances. The timing of this expedition coincided with the burning heat of summer, when people would seek the shade and be keen to enjoy the summer fruits. At such a time all physical activity, let alone military confrontation a long way from home, was to be avoided. Hence, the symptoms we mentioned in the Prologue started to appear among the Muslims. The hypocrites felt this to be their chance to dissuade the Muslims from joining the Prophet. They advised them not to march in the hot summer, and warned them against the might of the Byzantines and the long, weakening travel they would have to endure. Hence some people began to feel uneasy. This passage, then, deals with this type of reluctance.

Passaj ta’nali so‘z bilan boshlanadi va jihod, ya’ni Allohning yo‘lidagi kurash safariga qo‘shilishdagi ikkilanishdan ogohlantiradi. Mo‘minlarga, ularning hech biri Payg‘ambar ﷺ ga qo‘shilmasidan oldin ham, Xudo o‘z Elchisiga bergan yordam eslatiladi, shuningdek, Uning ularsiz ham Elchisini g‘alabaga erishtirishga qodirligi eslatiladi. Bunday holatda ularda Xudoga itoatsizlik va Xudoning Elchisini qo‘llab-quvvatlamaslikdan boshqa hech narsa bo‘lmaydi.

The passage begins with a word of reproach and a warning against the reluctance to join the campaign of jihād, or struggle for God’s cause. The believers are reminded of the help God gave to His Messenger even before any one of them had joined him, and also of His ability to help him to victory without them. In such an eventuality they would have nothing except their disobedience of God and their failure to support His Messenger.

Ey iymon keltirganlar, sizga nima bo'ldiki, sizga: "Alloh yo'lida jihodga chiqinglar", deyilganda, yerga og'ir bosib olasizlar? (38-oyat)

Believers, what is amiss with you that, when it is said to you: ‘Go forth to fight in God’s cause,’ you cling heavily to the earth? (Verse 38)

Bunday Allohning yo‘lida jihodga otlanishdan bunchalik ikkilanish faqat dunyoviy manfaatlar va orzu-havaslardan kelib chiqadi. Odamlar o‘z jonlari va mol-mulklaridan xavotirlanishi mumkin. Ular o‘z manfaatlarini himoya qilish va zavq-shavqlarini saqlab qolishga intiladi, xotirjam va farovon hayotni afzal ko‘radi. Ular, asosan, hozirgi hayotlarini, darhol erishmoqchi bo‘lgan maqsadlarini, yaqin qarindoshlarini va jismoniy ehtiyojlarini o‘ylaydi. Bu yerda tanlangan so‘zlar “yerga og‘ir yopishib olish” degan yorqin tasavvurni beradi. Go‘yo uzoq vaqtdan beri o‘z joyida turgan og‘ir narsaga qarayotgandek bo‘ladi. Uni bir guruh odamlar ko‘tarib oladi, ammo kuchli tortishish kuchi ta’sirida u tez orada yana yerga tushib ketadi.

Such reluctance to march forth in support of God’s cause is only motivated by worldly considerations and ambitions. People may fear for their lives and their property. They are keen to protect their interests and preserve their pleasures, and would prefer a settled life of ease and comfort. They think primarily of their present life, immediate objectives, close relatives and physical needs. The words chosen here give a vivid impression of “clinging heavily to the earth”. It is as if we are looking at a heavy object that has been in its position for a long time. It is lifted up by a group of people, but it soon falls down with a strong gravitational pull.

Xudo yo‘lidagi jihod safarga qo‘shilish bu dunyo hayotining zanjirlaridan va jismoniy lazzatlardan ozod bo‘lishdir. U tor ehtiyojlardan xalos bo‘lgandan so‘ng erkinlikka, bu cheklangan dunyoviy hayotdan voz kechgach esa abadiyatning kengligiga intilishni ta’kidlaydi: “Oxirat o‘rniga dunyo hayotining rohatlariga rozimisizlar? Oxiratning yonida dunyo hayotining bahramandligi juda oz narsadir.” (38-oyat)

Shundan so'ng Alloh ularga o'zlari guvohi bo'lgan tarixdan misol keltiradi va Elchisini qanday qo'llab-quvvatlagani, Unga ularning yordamisiz qanday buyuk g'alaba bergani ko'rsatiladi. Axir, g'alaba Alloh xohlagan kishiga beriladi:

God then gives them an example of the history which they themselves had witnessed, showing them how He supported His Messenger and gave him a great victory without need for their support. After all, victory is granted by God to whom He pleases:

Agar siz unga (Payg'ambarga) yordam bermasangiz, (bilingki,) unga Alloh yordam bergan edi — o'shanda kofirlar uni (Makkadan) chiqarib yuborgan edilar, u ikkitadan biri edi. Ikkovlari g'orda bo'lganda, u o'z hamrohiga: «Qayg'urma, albatta, Alloh biz bilan birgadir», — deb aytgan edi. Shunda Alloh unga o'z sokinligini (xotirjamligini) nozil qildi va siz ko'rmagan lashkarlar bilan uni quvvatladi. Kofirlarning so'zini esa past qildi. Allohning so'zi esa eng oliydir. Alloh qudratli, hikmat egasidir.

If you do not help him [the Prophet]; God [will, as He] supported him at the time when the unbelievers drove him away. He was only one of two. When these two were alone in the cave, he said to his Companion: Do not grieve, for God is with us.’ Thereupon God bestowed on him the gift of inner peace, and sent to his aid forces which you did not see. He brought the word of the unbelievers utterly low, while the word of God remained supreme. God is Mighty, Wise. (Verse 40)

Bu Quraysh Muhammad ﷺ va uning da'vatidan sabr-toqatini butunlay yo'qotgan paytga ishoradir. Haqiqat da'vatini bostirish yoki yo'qotib bo'lmasligini anglagach, sabr-toqatini yo'qotgan har qanday zolim hokimiyat ham xuddi shunday qiladi. Ular maslahat qilishdi va Muhammad ﷺ ni o'ldirishga qaror qilishdi.

This is a reference to the time when the Quraysh had lost all patience with Muĥammad and his message. It is the same with every tyrannical authority when it loses patience with the message of the truth after it realizes that it cannot stifle or suppress it. They held their consultations and decided to assassinate Muĥammad.

Keyin Alloh Payg'ambarga Quraysh tomonidan rejalashtirilgan fitna haqida xabar berdi va Makkani tark etishni buyurdi. U Makkadan faqat ishonchli sahobasi Abu Bakr bilan birga chiqib ketdi. Uning na qo'shini bor edi, na sonsiz dushmanlariga qarshi turadigan qurollari. Vaziyat unga juda og'ir edi.

God then informed the Prophet of what the Quraysh had plotted and instructed him to leave. He set out of Makkah alone except for his trusted Companion, Abū Bakr. He had neither troops nor weapons with which to confront his numerous enemies. The odds were heavily against him.