Bu sūraning 65-oyatdan 92-oyatgacha bo‘lgan qismi avvalgi vahiylar ahli, ya’ni yahudiy va nasroniylar bilan musulmonlar o‘rtasidagi diniy e’tiqodlar atrofidagi bahsning xuddi shu umumiy mavzusini davom ettiradi. U Islomga qarshi qilinayotgan shafqatsiz va ayyor harakatlarni, ya’ni uning dushmanlarining fitnalarini, bo‘htonlarini, tuhmatlarini, haqorat va yolg‘onlarini hamda shaytoniy nayranglarini ochib beradi. Qur’on musulmonlar nomidan qilgan dalilini keltiradi, ularni o‘z da’volarining haqligiga ishontiradi va ularni chetga chiqish hamda ularning raqiblari duch kelgan umidsizlikni fosh qiladi. U dushman tomonlarining odatlarini, axloqini, niyatlarini va faoliyatini ochiq va chuqur tekshiradi, shunda musulmonlar ularning xavfini to‘liq anglab yetadi va dushmanlar o‘zlariga tegishli deb olgan bilim va donishmandlik libosini yechib tashlanadi. U ba’zi sodda musulmonlarning ularga qo‘ygan har qanday ishonchini yo‘qotishga intiladi. U ularning o‘rnagiga ergashishni man qiladi va ularning fitnasini fosh qilish orqali uning xavfini bartaraf etadi, shunda hech kim unga aldanmasligi yoki adashtirilmasligi mumkin.

This part of the sūrah, from verse 65 to verse 92, takes up the same general theme of the controversy surrounding religious beliefs between the people of earlier revelations, i.e. the Jews and Christians, and the Muslims. It explores the relentless and devious efforts lined up against Islam; the scheming, smears, slandering, vilification, lies and devilish intrigues of its opponents. It presents the Qur’ān’s argument on behalf of the Muslims and reassures them of the truth of their cause and exposes the deviation and hopelessness of their detractors. It openly and closely probes the habits, ethics, intentions and activities of those enemies in order to make the Muslims fully aware of the threat they pose and to take away the mantle of knowledge and wisdom those enemies had assumed. It moves to dissipate any trust some gullible Muslims may have placed in them. It discourages following their example, and eliminates the dangers of their intrigue by exposing it so that no one may be deceived or misled by it.

Ushbu bo‘lim yahudiylar va nasroniylarning Ibrohim payg‘ambarga yaqinligi haqidagi da’volarini tanqid qilishdan boshlanadi. Ibrohim payg‘ambar Tavrot va Injildan oldin yashagan. Har ikki din vakillari uni o‘z dinlarining tarafdori deb da’vo qilganlar. Ularning bu dalillari butunlay asossiz deb rad etiladi. Sura ta’kidlaydicha, Ibrohim Allohga bo‘ysunishga asoslangan haqiqiy din, ya’ni Islom peshvosi bo‘lgan, uning tabiiy do‘stlari esa shu dinga amal qiluvchilardir. Xudo barcha haqiqiy mo‘minlarning Homiysi bo‘ladi.

This section begins with castigating Jewish and Christian claims of affinity to the Prophet Abraham, who pre-dated both the Torah and the Gospel. Each had professed him to be a follower of their respective religious beliefs. Their arguments are dismissed as totally baseless. Abraham, the sūrah asserts, was a devotee to God’s true religion based on submission to God, i.e. Islam, and his natural patrons are those who adhere to that same religion. God shall be the Guardian of all true believers.

Ey Kitob ahli! Nega Ibrohim haqida bahslashasizlar, holbuki Tavrot ham, Injil ham undan keyin nozil qilingan? Aqlingiz yo‘qmi? {Ey Kitob ahli! Nega Ibrohim haqida bahslashasizlar, holbuki Tavrot ham, Injil ham undan keyin nozil qilingan? Aqlingiz yo‘qmi?} Note: the Qur'an verse text in braces should be left as written, so the correct final form is: Ey Kitob ahli! Nega Ibrohim haqida bahslashasizlar, holbuki Tavrot ham, Injil ham undan keyin nozil qilingan? Aqlingiz yo‘qmi? Siz bilgan narsa haqida bahslashdingiz, nega bilmagan narsangiz haqida bahslashasiz? Alloh biladi, siz esa bilmaysiz.

People of earlier revelations! Why do you argue about Abraham when both the Torah and the Gospel were not revealed till after him? Have you no sense? You have indeed argued about that of which you have some knowledge; why then do you argue about that of which you have no knowledge at all? God knows, whereas you do not know.

Ibrohim na yahudiy, na nasroniy edi; u Xudoga butunlay bo‘ysunган, O‘zini Unga topshirgan hanifdir. U shirk keltiruvchilardan emas edi. Ibrohimga eng yaqin turuvchilar — uning yo‘lidan borganlar, shu Nabiy ﷺ va iymon keltirganlardir. Xudo mo‘minlarning Valiysidir.

Abraham was neither a Jew nor a Christian; but he was wholly devoted to God, having surrendered himself to Him. He was not of those who associate partners with God. The people who have the best claim to Abraham are those who followed him, and this Prophet and those who are true believers. God is the Guardian of the believers.

(Oyatlar 65-8)

(Verses 65-8)

Muhammad ibn Ishoq rivoyat qilishicha, Ibn Abbos — Payg‘ambarning amakivachchasi — dan naql qilinadi: «Najrondan bir necha nasroniy va bir necha yahudiy ulamolari Payg‘ambar ﷺ huzurida yig‘ilib, o‘zaro bahslashib qolishdi. Ravvinlar Ibrohim yahudiydan boshqa narsa emas, deb da’vo qilishdi, nasroniylar esa Ibrohim nasroniy edi, deb turib olishdi. Shunda God quyidagi oyatni nozil qildi: “Ey kitob ahli! Nega Ibrohim haqida bahslashasizlar...”» Bu voqea haqiqatda shu oyat nozil bo‘lgan payt bo‘lganmi yoki yo‘qmi, aniq narsa shuki, bu oyat avvalgi vahiylarga e’tiqod qilgan kishilarning da’volariga javob sifatida kelgan. Ular yo Payg‘ambar ﷺ bilan bahslashgan, yoki Payg‘ambar ﷺ huzurida o‘zaro munozara qilgan ko‘rinadi. Bu da’volarning asosiy maqsadi God Ibrohim bilan tuzgan ahdni o‘zlari uchun yakka-yu yagona qilib olish edi — ya’ni payg‘ambarlik Ibrohimning nasli ichida qolishi, sharaf va ilohiy hidoyat ham faqat ularda bo‘lishi kerak edi. Eng muhimi, ular shu da’volar orqali Payg‘ambar ﷺning “men Ibrohimning dinini tutaman, musulmonlar esa asl sof dinning haqiqiy vorislaridir” degan so‘zlarini rad etmoqchi bo‘lishgan. Bahslashuvchilar, shuningdek, hech bo‘lmasa ba’zi musulmonlarning ongida bu haqiqatga nisbatan shubha uyg‘otishni ham umid qilishgan.

Ahli kitob (avvalgi vahiylar ahli)dan bir guruh sizlarni adashtirishni xohlaydi; ammo ular faqat o‘zlarini adashtiradilar, garchi buni sezmasalar ham. Ey ahli kitob! Nega o‘zingiz guvohlik berib turgan holda, Allohning oyatlariga kufr keltirasiz? Ey ahli kitob! Nega haqiqatni botil bilan aralashtirasiz va bilib turib, haqiqatni yashirasiz? Ahli kitobdan bir guruh bir-biriga shunday deydi: "Kunning boshida mo‘minlarga nozil qilingan narsaga iymon keltirganday bo‘linglar, kunning oxirida esa uni inkor qilinglar, toki ular ham dinlaridan qaytsinlar. Faqat o‘z dinингизга эргашганларгагина ишонинглар". Ayting: "Haqiqiy hidoyat faqat Allohning hidoyatidir". Sizga berilganga o‘xshash narsa boshqalarga ham berilsin, yoki ular Rabbingiz huzurida sizlar bilan bahslashsinlar, deb (shunday qilishadi). Ayting: "Fazl-marhamat Allohning qo‘lidadir, uni Xohlagan kishisiga beradi. Alloh keng rahmatli va hammasini biluvchidir". U Xohlagan kishisini O‘z rahmati bilan xoslaydi. Alloh ulkan fazl egasidir.

A party of the people of earlier revelations would love to lead you astray; but they lead astray none but themselves, although they may not perceive it. People of earlier revelations! Why do you disbelieve in God’s revelations when you yourselves bear witness [to their truth]? People of earlier revelations! Why do you cloak the truth with falsehood, and knowingly conceal the truth? A party of the people of earlier revelations say [to one another]: “Declare at the beginning of the day, that you believe in what has been revealed to the believers, and then deny it at the end of the day, so that they may go back on their faith. But do not really trust anyone except those who follow your own faith” — Say: All true guidance is God’s guidance — That anyone may be given the like of what you have been given. Or that they should contend against you before your Lord” Say: “Grace is in God’s hand: He bestows it on whom He wills. God is Munificent and All- Knowing. “He singles out for His mercy whom He wills. And God’s grace is great indeed. (Verses 69-74)

Ushbu parchada musulmon jamoasiga ahli kitoblarning har bir bahsi ortida turgan niyatlari haqida xabar beriladi. Qur'on ularni o'zlari musulmon jamoasi yonida rejalashtirayotgan va chamalayotgan narsalari bilan yuzma-yuz qiladi. Ularning niqoblari yechiladi va haqiqiy yuzlari hammaga ayon qilinadi.

In this passage, the Muslim community is told of the intentions of the people of earlier revelations behind every argument they may raise. The Qur’ān confronts those people with what they actually plot and scheme in close proximity to the Muslim community. Their masks are torn from them and their reality is made apparent to all.

Ahli kitoblarning musulmon jamoatiga nisbatan bo‘lgan adovati jamoaning e’tiqodiga taalluqlidir. Ular musulmonlarning ilohiy hidoyatga ega bo‘lishlarini yoqtirmaydilar. Ularning o‘z e’tiqodlariga mustahkamlik va ishonch bilan yopishib turishlarini ko‘rishga chidamaydilar. Shu sababli ular musulmonlarni adashtirish uchun barcha kuchlarini safarbar qiladilar: “Kitob ahlidan bir guruh sizlarni adashtirishni xohlar edi.” Demak, ularning barcha makr-hiylalari, rejalari, bahs-munozaralari va haqiqatni yashirishlari ortida ichki istak yotadi. Shubhasiz, nafrat va adovatdan kelib chiqqan bunday istak noto‘g‘ridir. Yomon istak biror to‘g‘ri hidoyatga asoslanishi mumkin emas. Shuning uchun ular musulmonlarni e’tiqodlaridan qaytarish istagini ko‘ngillariga joylagan zahoti o‘zlarini adashtiradilar. To‘g‘ri yo‘lda yurayotganlarni adashtirishni yaxshi ko‘radigan kishi — o‘zi adashish labirintida qolib ketgan kishidir: “Ular faqat o‘zlarini adashtiradilar, ammo sezmaydilar.” (69-oyat)

Ahli kitob orasida shunday odamlar borki, agar unga xazinani ishonib topshirsangiz, uni sizga butun holida qaytaradi; va ulар orasida shunday odamlar ham borki, agar unga bir dinor oltin ishonib topshirsangiz ham, siz uning boshida turmasangiz, uni sizga qaytarmaydi. Chunki ular: "Ummiylar (arablar) oldida hech qanday majburiyatimiz yo'q", deydilar. Shunday qilib, ular bilib turib Alloh haqida yolg'on so'zlaydilar. Ha, o'z va'dalariga vafo qiladigan va taqvo qiladiganlar (Alloh sevgisiga sazovor bo'ladilar); chunki Alloh taqvo qiluvchilarni sevadi. Alloh bilan qilgan ahdlarini va qasamlarini arzimas narsaga sotadiganlarga esa oxirat hayotida hech qanday ulush yo'q. Qiyomat kuni Alloh ular bilan gaplashmaydi, ularga nazar solmaydi va ularni poklamaydi.

Among the people of earlier revelations there is many a one who, if you trust him with a treasure, will return it to you intact; and there is among them many a one who, if you trust him with a small gold coin, will not return it to you, unless you keep standing over him. For they say: “We have no obligation to keep faith with Gentiles.” Thus they deliberately say of God what they know to be a lie. Indeed those who fulfil their pledges and guard themselves against evil [enjoy God’s love]; for God loves the righteous. Those who barter away their covenant with God and their oaths for a trifling gain will have no share in the life to come. God will neither speak to them, nor cast a look on them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He cleanse them of their sins.

Ularning azobi og‘ir bo‘ladi. (75-77-oyatlar)

Theirs will be a grievous suffering. (Verses 75-7)

Ushbu oyatlarda Qur’on oldingi vahiylar egalarini ular qanday bo‘lsa, shundayligicha tasvirlaydi va ularning xulq-atvoridagi zaif tomonlarni aniqlaydi. Shuningdek, u Islom dinining to‘g‘ri qadriyatlarini bayon qiladi. Oyatlar ikki turdagi odamlarni va ularning tijorat hamda ijtimoiy muomalalardagi xatti-harakatlarini tasvirlashdan boshlanadi. Shuni ta’kidlash lozimki, Qur’on adolat borasida yuqori mezonga amal qiladi: u faktlarni aytadi va hech kimning haqini, garchi oldingi vahiylar egalari musulmon jamoasi bilan ziddiyatda bo‘lgan bo‘lsalar ham, inkor etmaydi. Go‘yo o‘sha odamlarga xos bo‘lgan bu holat barcha avlodlardagi odamlarga ham xosdek ko‘rinadi.

In these verses, the Qur’ān describes the people of earlier revelations as they are, identifying the points of weakness in their characters. It also states the correct values of the Islamic faith. It begins by describing two types of people and their behaviour in commercial and social transactions. We note here that the Qur’ān maintains a high standard of fairness, stating the facts and denying no one his due credit, despite the fact that those people of earlier revelations were in conflict with the Muslim community. It seems that the same is true of those people in all generations.

Ularning orasida Kitobni o‘qiganda tillarini burab gapiradiganlar bor, shuning uchun siz ular aytayotgan narsani Kitobdan deb o‘ylaysiz, holbuki u Kitobdan emas. Ular: “Bu Allohdan”, deydilar, holbuki u Allohdan emas. Shunday qilib, ular bilib turib Alloh haqida yolg‘on so‘zlaydilar. Biror insonga Alloh kitob, hikmat va payg‘ambarlik bergan bo‘lsa, keyin u odamlarga: “Alloh o‘rniga meni ibodat qiling”, deyishi mumkin emas. Aksincha: “Kitobni o‘rgatish va uni doimiy o‘rganish orqali Allohning sodiq bandalari bo‘linglar”, deydi. U sizlarga farishtalarni va payg‘ambarlarni xudo qilib olishni ham buyurmaydi. Siz o‘zingizni Allohga topshirganingizdan keyin, u sizlarni kofir bo‘lishga buyurarmidi?

There are some among them who twist their tongues when quoting the Scriptures, so that you may think that [what they say] is from the Scriptures, when it is not from the Scriptures. They say: ‘It is from God”, when it is not from God. Thus, they deliberately say of God what they know to be a lie. It is not conceivable that any human being to whom God had given revelation and wisdom and prophethood would subsequently say to people: “Worship me instead of God.” But rather: ‘Be devoted servants of God, by virtue of spreading the knowledge of the Scriptures and your constant study of them.” Nor would he bid you to take the angels and the Prophets as your gods. Would he bid you to be unbelievers after you have surrendered yourselves to God? (Verses 78-80)

Ushbu oyatlar ilgarigi vahiylarning ma'lum bir toifadagi odamlari haqida so'z yuritadi — ya'ni, Allohning vahiylaridan boshqa odamlarni adashtirish maqsadida foydalanadigan aldovchilar haqida.

These verses speak of a certain type of people of earlier revelations, namely, the deceivers who make use of God’s revelations in order to lead other people astray.

Ular bu matnni o'qiganda yoki keltirganda tillarini burishtiradilar va uning so'zlarini o'zlarining ma'lum xayolparastliklariga mos kelishi uchun talqin qiladilar. Buning evaziga ular arzimas haq, dunyoviy foydaning ozginasini oladilar. Bunday buzish va ataylab noto'g'ri talqin qilishga bir misol — ular o'ylab topgan e'tiqodlar bo'lib, ular Maryam o'g'li Iso haqida, odamlarning e'tiqodini Cherkov va siyosiy hokimlarning xayolparastliklariga mos qilish maqsadida.

They twist their tongues when they read or quote it, and interpret its statements so that they may be made to agree with certain prejudices. In return for all this, they receive a paltry price, a trifling worldly gain. One example of such distortion and deliberate misinterpretation relates to their invented beliefs about Jesus, son of Mary, in order to make people’s beliefs agree with the prejudices of the Church and political rulers.

Din vakillari buzilganda, ular haqiqatni soxtalashtirish vositasiga aylanadi. Shu tariqa ular din peshvosi qiyofasidan foydalanib, boshqalarni aldaydi. Qur’on oldingi vahiylarga ega bo‘lgan xalqlar haqida keltirgan misol bugun biz uchun yaxshi ma’lum. Ular o‘z vahiylarining oyatlari va so‘zlariga o‘zboshimchalik bilan talqinlar va xulosalar yuklaydilar, ular aynan niyat qilingan ma’no ekanini va shu sababli Xudoning xabari ekanini da’vo qiladilar. Aslida esa, bu xulosalar Xudo imonining mohiyatiga keskin zid bo‘ladi. Ular bu buzib ko‘rsatishga qodir bo‘lishadi, chunki ko‘pchilik odamlar bir tomondan imonning haqiqiy mohiyatini va shu so‘zlarning haqiqiy ma’nosini, boshqa tomondan esa ularga o‘zboshimchalik bilan yuklangan o‘ylab topilgan xulosalarni ajrata olmaydi.

Xudo payg‘ambarlar bilan ahd tuzdi: “Men sizlarga Kitob va hikmatdan bergan narsalarimdan so‘ng, qo‘lingizdagi (Kitob)ni tasdiqlovchi bir Payg‘ambar kelsa, unga ishonasizlar va unga yordam berasizlar.” Xudo dedi: “Buni tasdiqlaysizlarmi va bu shartimni qabul qilasizlarmi?” Ular dedilar: “Tasdiqlaymiz.” Xudo dedi: “Unda guvoh bo‘linglar, men ham sizlar bilan birga guvohman.” Shundan keyin yuz o‘girganlar, albatta, itoatsizlardir. Osmonlarda va erda bor bo‘lgan barcha narsa Unga ixtiyoran yoki majburan bo‘yin egan bo‘lsa-yu, ular Xudoning dinidan boshqasini istaydilarmi? Ular barchasi Unga qaytariladilar.

God made a covenant with the Prophets: “If after what I have vouchsafed to you of the Scriptures and wisdom, there comes to you a messenger confirming the truth of what you have in your possession, you shall believe in him and you shall help him. Do you,” said He, “affirm this and accept the obligation I lay upon you in these terms?” They answered: “We do affirm it.” Said He: ‘Then bear witness, and I am also a witness with you.” Then those who turn away afterwards are indeed transgressors. Do they seek a religion other than God’s, when every soul in the heavens and the earth has submitted to Him, willingly or by compulsion, and to Him they shall all return?

(Oyatlar 81-3)

(Verses 81-3)

Ushbu parchada barcha payg'ambarlar va xabarlar o'rtasidagi bog'liqlik bayon etiladi. U Xudo bilan tuzilgan ahdga asoslanadi, bu ahd Uning oxirgi ilohiy xabariga ergashishdan bosh tortgan har bir kishini gunohkor deb hisoblaydi. Shuni ko'rsatadiki, bunday odam Xudo bilan tuzgan ahdini buzgan va butun koinotga tegishli qonunga itoatsizlik qilgan bo'ladi. Ulug'vor va cheksiz ulug'lik egasi bo'lgan Xudo, Yuborgan har bir payg'ambar bilan mustahkam va qat'iy ahd tuzdi. Bu ahdga Uning o'zi ham, payg'ambarlari ham guvoh bo'ldilar. Ahdda aytilishicha, agar payg'ambardan keyin o'z xabarini tasdiqlovchi elchi kelsa, u payg'ambar o'ziga berilgan kitoblar va hikmatdan qat'i nazar, o'sha elchiga iymon keltirishi, unga yordam berishi va uning diniga ergashishi shart. Xudo bu bog'lovchi kelishuvni Yuborgan har bir payg'ambar va elchi bilan tuzgan.

This passage explains the link between all the messengers and messages. It is based on the covenant made with God which judges as a transgressor anyone who declines to follow the last of the Divine messages. It shows that such a person would be guilty of violating his covenant with God and of disobeying the law which applies to the whole universe. God, limitless He is in His glory, has made a binding and solemn covenant with every prophet He sent. He Himself witnessed this covenant as did His prophets. The covenant states that if a prophet is followed by a messenger who confirms his own message, he is required to declare his belief in this messenger, give him his support and follow his religion, no matter what he himself has been given of Scriptures and wisdom. God has made this binding agreement with every prophet and messenger He has sent.

Iymondan keyin kofir bo'lib ketgan, shu Payg'ambarning haq ekaniga guvohlik bergan va ularga aniq dalillar kelgandan keyin ham imon keltirmagan kishilarni Alloh qanday hidoyatga boshlasin? Alloh zolim qavmni to'g'ri yo'lga boshlamaydi. Bunday kishilarning jazosi Allohning, farishtalarning va barcha odamlarning la'natidir. Ular unda abadiy qoladilar. Ularning azobi yengillashtirilmaydi va ularga muhlat berilmaydi.

How shall God guide people who have lapsed into disbelief after having accepted the faith and having borne witness that this messenger is true, and after having received clear evidence of the truth? God does not guide the wrongdoers. Of such people the punishment shall be the curse of God, the angels and all men. Under it they shall abide. Neither their suffering shall be lightened, nor shall they be granted respite.

Bundan mustasno, o‘zlaridan keyin tavba qilib, to‘g‘rilanganlar bundan mustasnodir; albatta, Alloh G‘afur va Rahimdir. Ammo iymon keltirganlaridan keyin kufrga qaytib, kufrlarida yanada qattiqqo‘l bo‘lganlarning tavbasi qabul qilinmaydi. Ana shular adashganlardir. Kofir bo‘lib, kofirligida o‘lganlardan esa, agar yer yuzini oltin bilan to‘ldirib fidya bersa ham, hech kimdan qabul qilinmaydi. Ularga alamli azob bor va ularga hech qanday yordamchi bo‘lmaydi. Sevgan narsalaringizdan infoq qilmaguningizcha, hech qachon yaxshilikka erishmaysiz. Alloh nima infoq qilsangiz, uni yaxshi biladi.

Excepted shall be those who afterwards repent and mend their ways; for God is Much- Forgiving, Merciful. But those who return to disbelief after having accepted the faith and then grow more stubborn in their rejection of the faith, their repentance will not be accepted. For they are those who have truly gone astray. As for those who disbelieve and die unbelievers, not even the earth full of gold shall be accepted from any one of them, were he to offer it in ransom. They shall have grievous suffering and they shall have none to help them. You will never attain to true piety unless you spend on others out of what you dearly cherish. God has full knowledge of what you spend. (Verses 86-92)

Oldingi oyatlar Islomning haqiqiy ma'nosi haqida hech qanday shubha qoldirmaydi.

The preceding verses leave no doubt whatsoever about the true meaning of Islam.

Ushbu oyatlar nurida, Qur’on bayonlarini o‘zboshimchalik bilan talqin qilib, Islomga Xudo bergan ta’rifdan boshqa ta’rif berish mumkin emas. Butun koinotning dini bo‘lgan Islom — hayot uchun Xudo belgilagan tizimga bo‘ysunishdir.

In the light of these verses, it is impossible to arbitrarily interpret Qur’ānic statements in order to give Islam a definition other than that given by God. Islam, the religion of the whole universe, means submission to the system God has laid down for life.