Bu sura Islom xabarining duch kelgan muammolar, bahslar va e'tirozlarning batafsil manzarasini taqdim etadi. Shuningdek, Qur'onning ularga qanday javob berganini va bu javoblarning odamlarga ta'sirini ko'rsatadi, shu bilan birga eski, noto'g'ri, johiliy xurofotlar va o'sha davrda odamlarning ongiga singib ketgan qadriyatlar o'rnida o'zining haqiqatini o'rnatadi. Darhaqiqat, dunyoning turli joylarida ayrim odamlar bularning ba'zi unsurlarini hanuzgacha to'g'ri deb hisoblashda davom etmoqda.

This surah presents a detailed picture of what the Islamic message faced of problems, arguments and objections. It also shows how the Qur’an dealt with these and their effects on people, establishing at the same time its own truth in place of old, false, ignorant superstitions and values that had taken hold of people’s minds at the time. In fact, some people, everywhere, continue to hold elements of these as valid.

Mushrik e'tiqodidagi kishilar chorva mollari haqida, Xudo insoniyat manfaati uchun yaratgan mollar Xudo bilan o'zlarining go'yo ilohlari o'rtasida bo'lingan deb da'vo qilar edilar: "U yaratgan ekin va chorva mollaridan ular Xudoga bir ulushni ajratadilar va: «Bu Xudoniki», deydilar – go'yo shunday deb da'vo qilib – «bu esa biz Unga sherik qilgan (narsalar)niki». Sheriklari uchun ajratganlari Xudoga yetmaydi, Xudo uchun ajratganlari esa sheriklariga yetadi." (6:136) Aslida ular chorva mollari bilan bog'liq ko'plab afsonalar va xurofotlarga ishonar edilar, bularning hammasi buzuq amallarning natijasi edi. Shu tariqa ular ba'zi hayvonlarga minish man etilgan, boshqalarining go'shtini yeish harom deb da'vo qilar edilar: "Ular aytadilar: «Bunday chorva mollari va ekinlar harom qilingandir»."

Followers of pagan beliefs used to claim that the catde God has created for the benefit of mankind are divided between God and their own alleged deities: "Out of the produce and the cattle He has created they assign a portion to God, saying: 'This is for God’— or so they pretend - 'and this is for the partners we associate [with Him]9. Whatever they assign to their partners never reaches God but that which is assigned to God does reach their partners.” (6:136) In fact, they believed in many legends and superstitions concerning cattle, and these were all the result of deviant practices. In this way, they claimed that they were forbidden to ride some animals, while others were considered unlawful to eat: “ They say: 'Such cattle and crops are forbidden.

"Ularni faqat biz ruxsat bergan kishilargina yeydi", — deb ular bo‘hton qilishadi.

None may eat of them save those whom we permit" - so they falsely claim.

{Boshqa chorva mollarini ular o‘z orqalariga yuk ortish harom deb e’lon qiladilar; yana shunday chorva mollari borki, ular ustida Allohning nomini aytmaydilar — bularning hammasini O‘ziga nisbatan yolg‘on to‘qib chiqarmoqdalar}. (6:138)

Other cattle they declare to be forbidden to burden their backs; and there are cattle over which they do not pronounce God's name, inventing [in all this] a lie against Him." (6: 138)

Ушбу сура бузуқ эътиқодларни фош этиб, асл ҳақиқатни баён қилади ва чорва моллари Худонинг махлуқлари экани, осмонлар ва ерни яратиш билан яқин боғлиқ бўлган ҳаётнинг бир жиҳатини ифодалашини исботлайди. Худо чорва молларини инсонга бўйсундириб қўйди, токи одамлар бу неъмат учун Унга шукр қилсинлар ва Унинг шаънига ҳамд айтсинлар. Улар Уни Яратувчи деб тан олганларидан кейин, Унга сохта шериклар қўшмасликлари ва Худо рози бўладиган нарсага зид бўлган қонунларни ўзлари учун жорий этмасликлари керак. Улар ўзлари тан олган ушбу ҳақиқатнинг табиий натижасини рад этиб, хурофотнинг ўзларини енгиб кетишига йўл қўйишлари қанчалик ақлсизликдир:

This surah discusses such deviant beliefs putting forward the original truth and demonstrating that cattle are God s creatures, representing an aspect of life that is closely related to the creation of the heavens and the earth. God has made cattle subservient to man so that people can express their gratitude and give thanks to Him for such a blessing. They must neither attribute false partners to Him nor enact for themselves legislation that is at variance with what pleases God, when they recognize Him as the Creator. How absurd that they discard the natural result of this truth, which they acknowledge, allowing superstition to get the better of them:

“Agar ulardan so‘rasang: “Osmonlarni va Yerni kim yaratgan?” — albatta, “Uni Qudratli, Bilimdon zot yaratgan”, deb javob beradilar. U sizlar uchun Yerni yoyib tekisladi va unda sizlar yo‘lingizni topishingiz uchun yo‘llar qo‘ydi. Va U osmondan o‘lchov bilan suv yog‘dirgan zotdir. Biz u bilan o‘lik yerni jonlantiramiz; shunday qilib, siz ham qayta tirilasiz. Va U barcha jonzotlarni juft-juft qilib yaratgan va sizlar uchun minadigan kemalar hamda hayvonlarni taqdim etgan zotdir. Shunda, ularning ustiga o‘tirganingizda, Rabbingizning ne'matlarini eslaysiz va: “Bizni bunga bo‘ysundirgan Zotga poklik bo‘lsin! Biz bunga o‘z kuchimiz bilan erisha olmas edik. Albatta, Rabbimizning huzuriga qaytib boramiz”, deysiz. (9–14-oyatlar)

“Yet if you ask them, ‘Who created the heavens and the earth?" they are sure to answer, ‘The Almighty, the All-Knowing created them.’ It is He who has smoothed out the earth for you and has traced on it paths for you so that you can find your way And He it is who sends down water from the sky in due measure. With it We raise dead land to life; and thus you will be raised from the dead. And He it is who created all living things in pairs, and provided for you the ships and animals on which you ride, so that when you are seated on their backs you remember your Lord’s blessings and say: ‘Limitless in His glory is He who has made all this subservient to our use. We could not have done it by ourselves. To our Lord we shall most certainly return.” (Verses 9-14)

Johiliyat davridagi mushriklar farishtalarni Allohning qizlari deb da'vo qilardilar.

Ignorant paganism used to claim that angels were Gods daughters.

Garchi ular o‘zlariga qizlar tug‘ilishini yomon ko‘rsalar ham, shunga qaramay qizlarni Allohga nisbat berishar va Uni qo‘yib, ularga sig‘inishardi. Ular: "Biz ularga Alloh xohlagani uchun sig‘inamiz; agar U xohlaganida, biz ularga sig‘inmagan bo‘lardik", deb da’vo qilishardi. Bu ham buzuq e’tiqodlardan kelib chiqqan asossiz afsonadan boshqa narsa emas edi.

Although they hated daughters being born to themselves, they nonetheless attributed daughters to God and worshipped these instead of Him. They alleged that they worshipped them by Gods will. Had He willed otherwise, they would not have worshipped them. Again, this was nothing but a legend arising from deviant beliefs.

Sura shu, kofirlarning o‘z mantiqi hamda sog‘lom insoniy fitratning mantiqi bilan bu asossiz afsonani rad etadi: «Ular Unga O‘z bandalaridan bir qismini farzand qilib tayinlaydilar. Albatta, inson ochiqdan-ochiq noshukurdir».

The surah uses the unbelievers’ own logic as well as the logic of sound human nature to refute this baseless legend: “ Yet they assign to Him some of His own servants as offspring. Surely man is clearly berefi of all gratitude.

Shunday qilib, U O‘z yaratiqlaridan qizlarni tanlab olib, sizlarni o‘g‘illar bilan sharaflaganmi? Ularning biriga qizning tug‘ilgani xabari berilsa, u Rahmon Egasiga isnod qilgan o‘sha narsa tufayli yuzi qorayib, g‘am-alamga to‘ladi. [Ular Allohga isnod qilmoqdalarmi?] Zeb-ziynat ichida o‘sadigan va bahslashganda aniq dalil keltira olmaydigan kishimi? Ular Rahmon Egasining bandalari bo‘lgan farishtalarni ayollar deb da’vo qilishadi! Ularning yaratilishiga guvoh bo‘lganmidilar? Ularning guvohligi yozib olinadi va ulardan so‘raladi. Ular aytadilar: «Rahmon Egasi xohlaganida, biz ularga sig‘inmagan bo‘lardik». Bu haqda ularning hech bilimi yo‘q, ular shunchaki yolg‘on gapirmoqdalar. Yoki Biz ulardan oldin ularga biror kitob berib, ular shunga yopishib olganmidilar? Yo‘q, aslo! Ular: «Biz ota-bobolarimizni shu yo‘lda ekanini topdik va ularning izidan borib hidoyat topmoqdamiz», deydilar.

Would He, out of all His creation, choose for Himself daughters and favour you with sons? If any of them is given the good news of the birth of what he so readily attributes to the Lord of Grace, his face darkens and he is filled with gloom. [Would they ascribe to God] someone who is brought up among trinkets and cannot put together a clear argument? They claim that the angels, who are themselves but servants ofthe Lord of Grace, are females! Did they witness their creation? Their testimony will be put on record and they will be questioned about it. They say: ‘Had it been the will of the Lord of Grace, we should never have worshipped them.' Of that they have no knowledge: they are blatantly lying. Or have We given them a book before this one to which they are still holding fast? No indeed! They say ‘We found our forefathers following this tradition and we find our guidance by following in their footsteps! (Verses 15-22)

Qachonki ularga faqat haykallar, butlar va daraxtlarga sig'inayotganlari aytilganda, va Xudodan boshqa narsaga sig'inuvchilarning barchasi o'zi sig'inayotgan narsa bilan birga do'zaxga tashlanishi aytilganda, ular bu aniq bayonni bahs-munozara mavzusiga aylantirib yubordilar. Ular Iso ga ishora qilib, uning izdoshlari ham unga sig'inishini ko'rsatdilar. Demak, u ham do'zaxga tashlanadimi? Ular, shuningdek, butlar Xudoning qizlari bo'lgan farishtalarni ifodalaydi, deb ta'kidladilar. Shunga ko'ra, ular: "Oddiy inson bo'lgan Isoga sig'inayotgan nasroniylardan ko'ra, biz ularga sig'inishimiz yaxshiroqdir", deb da'vo qildilar. Sura bunday buzilgan mantiqni fosh etadi va Iso ning vaqtidan keyin nasroniylar qilgan ishlarni unga yuklashni rad etadi, chunki u bunday ishlarga hech qachon ruxsat bermagan: "Maryam o'g'li misol qilib keltirilganda, sening qavming shovqin ko'tarib: 'Bizning xudolarimiz yaxshimi yoki u?' deyishadi. Ular buni faqat seni bahsga chorlash uchun keltiradilar. Ular bahsga berilgan qavmdir."

When they were told that they were only worshipping statues, idols and trees, and that everyone who worships anything other than God will be thrown into hell together with the object of their worship, they twisted this clear statement making it a subject of dispute. They referred to Jesus, pointing out that his followers worshipped him. So would he be thrown into hell? They also argued that the idols represented angels who were God’s daughters. Therefore, they postulated, “we are better worshipping them than the Christians who worship Jesus, a mere human being.” The surah exposes such twisted logic, absolving Jesus of what the Christians perpetrated after his time, since he did not sanction anything of the sort: “ Whenever the son of Mary is cited as an example, your people raise an outcry, saying: ‘Who is better: our deities or he?’ They cite him only to challenge you. They are contentious people.

U Bizning, Biz ne'mat berib, Isroil o'g'illariga ibrat qilgan bandamiz edi, xolos. (57-59-oyatlar)

He was but a servant of Ours whom We had favoured and made an example to the Children of Israel.” (Verses 57-59)

Ular, shuningdek, Ibrohim dinini tutganliklarini va shu sababli eng yaxshi hidoyatda ekanliklarini da'vo qilar edilar, holbuki ular butunlay johiliyat botqog'ida botgan edilar. Surada Ibrohim dinining haqiqiy mohiyati Allohning mutlaq yagonaligiga asoslangan holda bayon etilgan. Bu tamoyil Ibrohimning avlodlari orasida davom etgan va davom etadi. Allohning elchisi Muhammad ﷺ ana shu tamoyil bilan ularning oldiga keldi, lekin ular uni Ibrohim avlodlari bergan munosabatdan boshqacha tarzda qabul qildilar: "Ibrohim otasiga va qavmiga dedi: 7 Sizlar sig'inayotgan narsalardan voz keching. Men faqat meni yaratgan Zotgagina sig'inaman. U meni to'g'ri yo'lga boshlaydi. U buni avlodlari orasida doimiy bir qoida qildi, toki ular har doim [Allohga] qaytsinlar. Men bu odamlarga va ularning ota-bobolariga, to'g'ri so'zni aytadigan bir elchi orqali haqiqat ularga kelguniga qadar, hayotdan erkin bahramand bo'lishlariga ruxsat berdim. Endi haqiqat ularga kelgach, ular: "Bu hammasi sehrdir va biz uni butunlay rad etamiz", deyishmoqda. (26-30 oyatlar)

They also claimed that they followed Abraham’s faith and, as such, were best guided, yet all the while they were immersed in pagan ignorance. The surah outlines the true nature of Abraham’s faith, based on God’s absolute oneness. This principle continued and will continue among Abraham’s descendants. Muhammad, God’s messenger, came to them with the same principle, but they received him with other than what Abraham’s offspring should give: “Abraham said to his father and his people: 7 renounce what you worship, I worship none other than Him who brought me into being. It is He who will guide me.f He made this an abiding precept among his descendants so that they might always return [to God]. I have allowed these people and their forefathers to enjoy their lives freely until the truth has come to them through a messenger who makes things clear. Now that the truth has come to them, they say, ‘This is all sorcery, and we reject it outright. (Verses 26-30)

Ular Allohning hikmatini, Uning Elchisini tanlashdagi donishmandligini tushuna olmadilar. Ularning dunyoviy qadriyatlari, odamlarga berilgan maqomning asosi ularning uni qabul qilishni istamasliklariga sabab bo‘ldi. Surada ular shu borada aytgan gaplar keltiriladi va ularning arzimas qadriyatlariga qarshi qo‘yilgan, e’zozlanishi lozim bo‘lgan haqiqiy qadriyatlar ko‘rsatiladi: “Ular yana: «Nega bu Qur’on ikki shaharning biror buyuk odamiga nozil qilinmadi?» deydilar. Ular sening Rabbingning rahmatini taqsimlaydilarmi? Dunyo hayotida ularning ro‘zg‘orini Biz taqsimlaganmizki, ularning ba’zilarini boshqalaridan daraja jihatidan yuqori qo‘yganmiz, ulardan ba’zilarini boshqalarga xizmatkor qilib olishlari uchun. Rabbingning rahmati ular to‘plagan narsalardan yaxshiroqdir. Agar barcha odamlar bir ummat [kofirlar] bo‘lib qolishlari bo‘lmaganida edi, Rahmon Rabbiga kufr keltirayotganlarga uylari uchun kumushdan tomlar, ustiga chiqadigan zinalar, eshiklar, suyanib yotadigan sofalar va oltin bezaklar berib qo‘yardik. Bularning barchasi esa dunyo hayotining o‘tkinchi lazzatidan boshqa narsa bo‘lmas edi. Oxirat esa Rabbing qo‘rqinchli (taqvodor) kishilar uchun tayyorlagan (yaxshi) narsadir.” (31–35-oyatlar)

They could not understand God’s wisdom in choosing His messenger. Their earthly values, the basis of the status they assigned to people, contributed to their unwillingness to accept him. The surah reports what they said in this respect, presenting the true values that should be upheld in comparison to their trivial ones: “ They also say, 'Why was not this Quran revealed to some great man of the two cities?’ Is it they who apportion your Lord’s grace? It is We who deal out to them their livelihood in the life of this world, and raise some in rank above others, so that some of them may take others into their service. Your Lord’s grace is better than all that they can amass. Were it not that all people would become one community [of unbelievers], We would have provided those who now disbelieve in the Lord of Grace with roof of silver for houses, stairways on which to ascend, gates, couches on which to recline, and gold ornaments. Yet all this would have been nothing but the fleeting enjoyment of life in this world. It is the life to come that your Lord reserves for the God fearing.” (Verses 31-35)

Sura shundan keyin Muso hayotidagi voqeani hikoya qiladi, bu voqea Fir'avnning ham shunga o'xshash noto'g'ri qadriyatlarini aks ettiradi. Bu hikoya shuni ko'rsatadiki, ham bu qadriyatlar, ham Fir'avnning o'zi munosib emas edi. U unga va shunga o'xshash munosabatdagi barcha kishilarni kutayotgan taqdir haqida xabar beradi:

The surah then recounts an episode from Moses’ life history, one that reflects Pharaoh’s similarly false values. This account demonstrates how both these values and Pharaoh himself were unworthy. It tells us of the fate that awaits him and all those with similar attitudes:

Biz Musoni Bizning oyatlarimiz bilan Fir'avn va uning ayanlariga yubordik; u esa: «Men olamlarning Parvardigori tomonidan yuborilgan elchiman», dedi. Lekin u ularga Bizning oyatlarimizni keltirganda, ular ularni masxara qilib kulishdi. Biz ularga ko‘rsatgan har bir oyat oldingisidan ulug‘ edi. Ular (to‘g‘ri yo‘lga) qaytishlari uchun ularni azob bilan sinovga soldik. Ular dedilar:

“We sent Moses with Our message to Pharaoh and his nobles; and he said: T am a messenger of the Lord of all the worlds, ’ but when he presented Our signs to them, they laughed at them, yet each sign We showed them was greater than the preceding one. We put them through suffering so that they might return [to the right path]. They said:

«Sehrgar, Robbingizdan biz uchun dua qil, U sen bilan tuzgan ahd bilan. Biz endi to‘g‘ri yo‘ldan boramiz». Lekin Biz ulardan azobni ketkazganimizda, ular yana o‘z so‘zlaridan qaytdilar. Fir’avn o‘z qavmiga nido qilib dedi: «Ey qavmim, Misr mulki menikimi emasmi, mana bu daryolar mening oyoqlarim ostida oqayotganda? Ko‘rmaysizlarmi? Men aniq so‘z gapira olmaydigan bu xor odamdan yaxshi emasmanmi? Nega unga oltin bilakuzuklar berilmadi? Nega unga farishtalar hamroh bo‘lib kelmadi?» Shunday qilib, u o‘z qavmini aldadi va ular unga itoat etdilar. Ular yomonlikka botgan xalq edi. Ular Bizni g‘azablantirganlarida, Biz ulardan intiqom oldik va ularning hammasini suvga g‘arq qildik; shunday qilib, Biz ularni o‘tmishga aylantirdik va keyingi avlodlar uchun ibrat qildik. (46-56-oyatlar)

'Sorcerer, pray to your Lord for us on the strength of the covenant He has made with you. We shall now follow the right way. ’ Yet when We removed their suffering they still broke their word. Pharaoh proclaimed to his people, saying: 'My people, is the kingdom of Egypt not mine, with all these rivers flowing at my feet? Do you not see? Am I not better than this contemptible wretch who can hardly make his meaning clear? Why have no bracelets of gold been given to him? Why have no angels come to accompany him?’ Thus did he make fools of his people, and they obeyed him. They were people lost in evil. When they incurred Our anger, We inflicted Our retribution on them and drowned them all; and so We made them a thing of the past and an example for later generations.” (Verses 46-56)