"Va Uning belgilaridan biri osmonlar va yerning yaratilishi, tillaringiz va ranglaringizning turlicha bo'lishidir. Albatta, bunda ilm egalari uchun aniq belgilar bor." (22-oyat) Qur'oni karim osmonlar va yerni yaratish kabi ulug' belgini tez-tez zikr qiladi, lekin biz ko'pincha unga fikr yuritmasdan o'tib ketamiz, holbuki u uzoq tafakkur qilishga loyiqdir.
“And among His signs are the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the diversity of your tongues and colours. In this there are clear signs indeed for those who are endowed with knowledge.” (Verse 22) The Qur’ān frequently mentions the great sign of creating the heavens and the earth, but we often pass it by without reflection, although it merits long contemplation.
Qur'on aytganda osmonlar va erning yaratilishi haqida, u aslida koinotning bu buyuk kengligini, uning nozik va mukammal tizimi bilan birga nazarda tutadi, biz bu haqda juda oz narsani bilamiz. Unda sanoqsiz sayyoralar, yulduzlar, orbitalar, osmon jismlari va galaktikalar mavjud bo'lib, ularning yonida yerimiz go'yo vaznsiz zarracha kabi ko'rinadi. Bu buyuk va chegarasiz kenglik o'zining osmon jismlari, orbitalari va harakatlari o'rtasidagi ajoyib uyg'unlik, shuningdek ular orasidagi masofalar bilan bog'liq bo'lib, hech qanday to'qnashuv tasodifan yuz bermasligini va hammasi belgilangan o'lchov bo'yicha ishlab turishini ta'minlaydi. Ammo bu hajm va tizimga taalluqlidir. Bu buyuk mavjudotlarning mohiyatiga, ularning tabiatiga, sifatlariga, ularda yoki ularning yuzasida nima sodir bo'lishiga, ularni himoya qiladigan va boshqaradigan asosiy qonunlarga, ularning ishlari qanday olib borilishiga kelsak, bular har qanday insonning bilimidan tashqaridadir. Bularning hammasi haqida bizning bilganimiz juda kam. Darhaqiqat, biz yashayotgan kichik sayyorani o'rganishimiz ham hanuz juda dastlabki bosqichda turibdi.
When the Qur’ān mentions the creation of the heavens and the earth it actually refers to this great expanse of the universe, with its fine and elaborate system, of which we know only very little. It includes countless numbers of planets, stars, orbits, celestial bodies and galaxies, in relation to which our earth seems no more than a weightless particle. This great and limitless expanse is coupled with remarkable harmony between its celestial bodies, orbits and motions, as well as the distances between them, ensuring that no collision occurs haphazardly, and that everything is kept functioning according to a set measure. This, however, relates to size and system. As for the essence of these great creatures, their respective natures, qualities, what occurs in or on them, the major laws that protect and regulate them, and how their affairs are conducted — these are beyond any human being’s knowledge. What we know of all this is very scanty indeed. In fact, our study of the small planet on which we live remains at a very elementary stage.
Bu osmonlar va yerning yaratilishi haqidagi buyuk belgiga faqat bir nazar tashlashdir. Juda ko'pincha biz bu haqda beparvolik bilan, o'tgan holda gapiramiz, shu bilan birga olimlar yasagan kichik bir mashina haqida esa hayrat va tahsin bildirib, uzoq gapiramiz. Holbuki, shu mashinaning tarkibiy qismlari orasida erishilgan uyg'unlik shunchalikki, u faqat qisqa muddat davomida birgalikda ishlaydi. Shunga qaramay, adashish ichida adashgan ba'zi kishilar bu keng olam, uning nozik va murakkab tizimlari bilan, Yaratuvchisiz mavjud, deb da'vo qiladilar. Bundan tashqari, bunday kishilar bu bema'nilikni tinglashga tayyor olimlarni ham topadilar! Osmonlar va yerning yaratilishidagi buyuk belgi bilan birga, sura insonlar tillari va ranglarining ajoyib xilma-xilligini ham eslatadi. Bu olamning yaratilishi bilan bog'liq bo'lishi kerak. Yerning koinotdagi o'rnining o'zgarishidan kelib chiqadigan iqlim va muhitdagi farqlar, insoniyatning yagona asli bo'lishiga qaramay, til va rangdagi bunday xilma-xillikni keltirib chiqarishda sezilarli ta'sir ko'rsatadi.
This is just a cursory look at the great sign that is the creation of the heavens and the earth. Very often though we speak about this carelessly, in passing, yet at the same time we speak at great length, expressing amazement and admiration, about a small machine scientists make. Yet the harmony the latter achieves between its component parts is such that it only works in unison for a short span of time. Still some people who are lost in error claim that this great universe, with its fine and elaborate systems, exists without a Creator. Not only so, but such people find scientists who are prepared to listen to such absurdity! Together with the great sign of the creation of the heavens and the earth, the sūrah mentions the amazing variety of human languages and colours. This must be related to the creation of the universe. Differences in climate and environment that result from the variations of the earth’s position in the cosmos have a marked influence in producing such variety in language and colour, despite the single origin of mankind.
Olimlar va olimlar bugungi kunda insoniy tillar va ranglarning katta xilma-xilligini qayd etadilar, lekin buni Xudoning osmonlar va yerni yaratishi bilan bog'lamaydilar.
Scholars and scientists today note the great variety of human languages and colours but they do not relate this to God and His creation of the heavens and the earth.
Buning o‘rniga, ular bu hodisani ilmiy o‘rganish bilan shug‘ullanadilar, lekin hamma narsani, ko‘rinadigan va yashirin bo‘lgan narsalarni rejalashtirgan Yaratuvchini ulug‘lash uchun to‘xtamaydilar. Buning sababi shundaki, ko‘pchilik odamlarda ilm yo‘q: “Ular faqat bu dunyo hayotining tashqi yuzasini biladilar.” (7-oyat) Bundan tashqari, koinotning yaratilishidagi ajoyib narsalar va til hamda rang-barangликнинг катта хилма-хиллиги faqat haqiqiy ilmga ega bo‘lganlargina qadrlaydilar: “Albatta, bunda ilm egalari uchun aniq belgilar bor.” (22-oyat)
Instead, they undertake an academic study of this phenomenon, but do not pause to glorify the Creator who plans everything, visible or hidden. This is due to the fact that most people are devoid of knowledge: “they only know the outer surface of this world’s life.” (Verse 7) Besides, the wonders of the creation of the universe and the great variety of language and colour are only appreciated by those who have true knowledge: “In this there are clear signs indeed for those who are endowed with knowledge.” (Verse 22)
“Uning oyatlari orasida kechasi va kunduzi uyqungiz va Uning fazlidan (rizq) izlashingiz bor. Albatta, bunda eshitadigan qavm uchun aniq dalillar bor.” (23-oyat)
“And among His signs is your sleep, at night and in daytime, as well as your quest for some of His bounty. In this there are clear signs indeed for people who listen.” (Verse 23)
Bu oyat ayrim koinot hodisalari va ularning insoniyat turli holatlariga ta'siri haqida so'z yuritadi, bu esa buyuk koinot mavjudligidagi uyg'unlikka ishora qiladi.
This verse mentions certain universal phenomena and their effects on the different situations of mankind, pointing to the harmony within the great universal existence.
Bu, kechа va kunduzning ikki hodisasini odamlarning uyqusi va rizq topish maqsadidagi faoliyati bilan birlashtiradi, bu esa Alloh tomonidan mo‘l-ko‘l ato etiladi. Alloh ularning hayotini koinot bilan uyg‘unlashtirib qo‘ygan: ularning ish va faoliyatga bo‘lgan ehtiyoji kunduzning yorug‘ligi bilan ta’minlanadi, dam olish va uyquga bo‘lgan ehtiyoji esa kechaning zulmati bilan yuzaga keladi. Bu, yer yuzidagi barcha tirik mavjudotlarga turli darajada va turli o‘lchovda taalluqlidir. Ularning barchasi koinot tizimini o‘z ehtiyojlari va tabiatlariga mos topadi va bu tizim ularning hayotini rivojlantirishga imkon beradi. “Albatta, bunda eshitadigan odamlar uchun aniq belgilar bor.” (Oyat 23) Uyqu va harakat — eshitish orqali seziladigan ikki holatdir. Shunday qilib, oyat oxiridagi izoh u bahs etayotgan koinot belgisiga yaxshi mos keladi.
It combines the two phenomena of night and day with people’s sleep and activity in pursuit of their livelihoods, which God grants in abundance. God has ensured that their lives are in harmony with the universe: their need for work and activity is ensured by the light of day, and their need for relaxation and sleep is brought about by the night’s darkness. This also applies, in varying measures and degrees, to all living things on earth. They all find the universal system meets their needs and natures, allowing their lives to progress. “In this there are clear signs indeed for people who listen.” (Verse 23) Sleep and movement are two conditions that are felt through hearing. Thus, the comment at the end of the verse fits well with the universal sign it discusses.
"Va Uning belgilaridan biri shuki, sizlarga chaqmoqni qo'rquv va umid uyg'otgan holda ko'rsatadi va osmondan suv tushiradi, u bilan vafot etgan yerni tiriltiradi. Albatta, bunda aql yurituvchi qavm uchun aniq dalillar bor."(24-oyat)
Chaqmoq hodisasi koinot tizimining bir qismidir. Ba'zilar uning ikki bulut o'rtasida yoki bulut bilan yer, masalan, tog' cho'qqisi o'rtasida elektr zaryadining razryadlanishidan paydo bo'lishini tushuntiradi. Bu havoda bo'shliq hosil qiladi va chaqmoqdan keyin eshitiladigan momaqaldiroqni keltirib chiqaradi. Ko'pincha bunga yomg'ir ham hamroh bo'ladi.
“And among His signs is that He displays before you the lightning, giving rise to both fear and hope, and sends down water from the skies, with which He gives life to the earth after it had been lifeless. In this there are clear signs indeed for people who use their reason.” (Verse 24) The phenomenon of lightning is part of the universal system. Some explain that it occurs from an electrical discharge between two clouds, or between a cloud and the ground, such as the top of a mountain, producing an air vacuum that gives the thunder that follows the lightning. In most cases, this is accompanied by rain.
Sababi qanday bo'lmasin, chaqmoq Alloh (Xudo) o'rnatgan koinot tizimi natijasida yuzaga keladigan tabiiy hodisadir.
Whatever the cause, lightning is a natural phenomenon produced by the universal system God has set in operation.
Qur’on odatda koinotdagi hodisalar va ularning sabablari haqida batafsil ma’lumot bermaydi. U bularni faqat inson qalbi, koinot va uning Yaratuvchisi o‘rtasida bog‘liqlik o‘rnatish uchun keltiradi. Shu sababli, bu oyatda Alloh taolo ko‘rsatadigan belgilaridan biri sifatida chaqmoqni, ya’ni “qo‘rquv va umid uyg‘otuvchi” chaqmoqni zikr etadi. Chaqmoq paydo bo‘lganda bu ikki his tabiiy ravishda kechadi. Odamlar chaqmoqdan kelib chiqadigan momaqaldiroqdan, ya’ni narsalarni va hatto odamlarni kuydirishi mumkin bo‘lgan chaqmoq urishidan qo‘rqadi. Shuningdek, chaqmoq odamlarda koinotni boshqarayotgan buyuk kuch borligini his qildirgani uchun yuzaga keladigan noaniq bir xavotir hissi ham bor. Odamlar esa momaqaldiroq va chaqmoq ko‘pincha olib keladigan yomg‘irdan mo‘l hosil umid qiladi. Shu sababli, o‘sha oyatda shunday deyilgan: “U sizlarga qo‘rquv va umid uyg‘otadigan chaqmoqni ko‘rsatadi va osmondan suv yog‘diradi, u bilan o‘lik bo‘lib qolgan yerni tiriltiradi.” (24-oyat)
As usual, the Qur’ān does not give much detail about universal phenomena and their causes. It only uses these to establish a link between human hearts, the universe and its Creator. Hence, it states here that one of God’s signs is that He displays the lightning “giving rise to both fear and hope.” Both feelings are naturally experienced when lightning occurs. People fear a thunderbolt that results from lightning, one that could burn things and even people. There is also that obscure feeling of apprehension which lightning causes as people feel the presence of the great power that controls the universe. People also hope for plentiful harvests as a result of the rain that often accompanies thunder and lightning. Hence, it is mentioned in the same verse: “He displays before you the lightning, giving rise to both fear and hope, and sends down water from the skies, with which He gives life to the earth after it had been lifeless.” (Verse 24)
Hayot va o‘lim yer uchun qo‘llanilganda, u yerni yashaydigan va o‘ladigan tirik mavjudotdek ko‘rsatadi. Haqiqatan ham shundaydir, Qur’oni karimda bayon etilganidek. Koinot his qiladigan va javob beradigan tirik mavjudotdir. U o‘z Rabbisiga, hammaning Yaratuvchisiga itoat etadi va to‘liq bo‘ysunish bilan Uni poklaydi. Yerda yashayotgan inson ham Allohning mahluqlaridan biri bo‘lib, ularning barchasi olamlarning Rabbi bo‘lgan Ollohga umid bilan qaraydi.
When life and death are applied to the earth, it makes the earth appear as a living entity which lives and dies. It is indeed so, as described by the Qur’ān. The universe is a living entity that feels and responds. It obeys its Lord, the Creator of all, and it glorifies Him in complete submission. Man, who lives on earth, is one of God’s creatures, all of whom look up to God, the Lord of all the worlds.
Shuningdek, suv yerga tushganda, uni unumdor qiladi va o‘simliklarning o‘sishiga imkon beradi, shunda uning yuzasi avval o‘simliklar, so‘ngra hayvonlar va insonlar bilan jonlanadi.
Moreover, when water falls on earth, it makes it fertile, allowing plants to grow, so as to make its surface come alive first with vegetation, then with animals and man.
Suv hayot manbai'dir; qayerda u mavjud bo'lsa, hayot gullab-yashnaydi. "Albatta, bunda aql ishlatadigan kishilar uchun aniq belgilar bor." (24-oyat) Darhaqiqat, odamlarning aqllari mulohaza yuritishi uchun keng imkoniyat bor.
Water is the means of life; wherever it is available, life prospers. “In this there are clear signs indeed for people who use their reason.” (Verse 24) There is indeed much scope for people’s minds to reflect.
"Va Uning belgilaridan biri shuki, osmon va yer Uning amri bilan barqaror turadi. So'ngra, oxirida, U sizni yerdan bir chaqiriq bilan chaqirganda, hammangiz chiqasiz." (25-oyat)
Osmon va yerning barqaror turishi, nozik tizim asosida va reja bo'yicha harakat qilishi Xudoning irodasisiz sodir bo'lishi mumkin emas. Hech kim o'zini yoki boshqa birortasini buni vujudga keltiruvchi deb da'vo qila olmaydi, yoki bu rejasiz yuz beradi deb ayta olmaydi. Demak, osmon va yerning barqaror turishi hamda Uning amriga itoat etgan holda, og'ishmasdan, ikkilanmasdan va kechikmasdan ish yuritishi Xudoning buyuk belgisidir.
“And among His signs is that the skies and the earth stand firm at His behest. Then, in the end, when with one call He summons you from the earth, you will all rise.” (Verse 25) The fact that the skies and the earth stand firm, following an elaborate system and moving according to plan, cannot come about except through God’s will. No one can ever claim that either he or anyone else brings this about, or that it happens without a plan. Hence, it is God’s great sign that the skies and the earth stand firm and function by His command, obeying Him, without deviation, hesitation or delay.
"Keyin, oxirida, U sizlarni bir chaqiriq bilan yerdan chaqirganda, hammangiz tirilasiz." (25-oyat) Koinotning ulkan va murakkab tuzilishini, uning qanday ishlashini hamda uning kuch-quvvatlari va resurslarini boshqaruvchi qudratni ko'rgan hech kim, zaif bo'lsa-da, insonlarning Buyuk Yaratuvchining qabrlaridan turishga bo'lgan amriga darhol javob berishiga shubha qilmaydi.
“Then, in the end, when with one call He summons you from the earth, you will all rise.” (Verse 25) No one who sees the great and elaborate system of the universe, how it functions, and the power that controls its potentials and resources, will entertain any doubt that humans, weak as they are, will immediately respond to the great Creator’s order to rise from their graves.
Ushbu gapni yakunlovchi yakuniy izoh osmonlar va yerdagi barcha mavjudotlarning Allohga to‘liq itoat bilan bo‘ysunishini ko‘rsatadi: «Osmonlarda va yerda bor narsa Unikidir: barchasi Unga itoat qiluvchidir» (26-oyat). Ko‘pchilik odamlar Allohga sadoqatli va itoatkor bo‘lmasa-da, bu yerdagi Qur’on bayoni koinotdagi barcha mavjudotlar Uning irodasiga bo‘ysunishini anglatadi. Ularning barchasi Uning o‘zgarmas va hech qachon buzilmaydigan qonunlariga muvofiq harakat qiladi va faoliyat yuritadi. Ular kofir bo‘lsa-da, bu qonunlarga bo‘ysunadilar. Inkor qiladigan yoki itoatsizlik qiladigan narsa ularning qalbi va aqli bo‘lsa-da, ular baribir Allohning qonunlari bilan boshqariladi va U boshqa barcha mavjudotlar kabi ularni ham nazorat qiladi. Ularning itoat qilishdan va bo‘ysunishdan boshqa iloji yo‘q.
The final note that concludes this statement shows that all creatures in the heavens and the earth submit to God in complete obedience: “To Him belongs all those in the heavens and the earth: all devoutly obey Him.” (Verse 26) Although most people are neither devout nor obedient to God, the Qur’ānic statement here means that all creatures in the universe are subject to His will. All act and function in accordance with His laws that never fail or deviate from their set course. They are subject to these laws even though they may be unbelievers. It is their hearts and minds that disbelieve or disobey, but they are nevertheless governed by God’s laws, and He controls them as He does all other creatures. They have no option but to obey and submit.
Bu buyuk tavsif shu muhim savolni qayta eslatish bilan yakunlanadi, unga odamlar e'tiborsiz qaraydilar, ya'ni qiyomat haqidagi savolga: "Yaratishni avval boshlagan va uni qaytadan tiriltiradigan Zotdir. Bu Unga yanada oson. Osmonlarda va erda Unga eng oliy sifat xosdir. U qudratli va hikmat egasidir" (27-oyat). Sura avvalroq yaratilishning boshlanishi va o'lganlardan keyin jonivorlarni qayta tiriltirish haqida zikr qilgan edi. Endi esa Allohning ayotlari to'plamini zikr qilgandan keyin shu gap takrorlanmoqda, ammo bu yerda qo'shimcha bor: "Bu Unga yanada oson" (27-oyat). Aslida Alloh uchun osonroq yoki qiyinroq narsa yo'qdir: "U biror narsani xohlasa, unga faqat: "Bo'l!" deydi — shu zahoti bo'ladi" (36:82). Qur'on odamlarga ularning tushunadigan tarzida xitob qiladi.
This great tour concludes by restating the essential question which people remain heedless of, namely resurrection: “It is He who creates [life] in the first instance, and then brings it forth anew; and most easy is this for Him. His is the most sublime attribute in the heavens and the earth. He is the Almighty, the Wise.” (Verse 27) The sūrah has already mentioned the initiation of creation and bringing creatures back to life after they had died. Now this is repeated after mentioning a galaxy of God’s signs, but there is also an addition here, “and most easy is this for Him.” (Verse 27) There is indeed nothing that is easier or more difficult for God: “When He wills a thing to be, He but says to it, Be’— and it is.” (36: 82) The Qur’ān addresses people in a way they understand.
Ularning o‘z mezonlariga ko‘ra, yaratishni boshlash uni qayta tiriltirishdan ko‘ra qiyinroq bo‘lishi kerak. Unda nega ular buni Xudo uchun qiyin deb hisoblaydilar, holbuki narsalarning tabiatiga ko‘ra bu osonroq bo‘lishi kerak?
According to their own standards, initiating creation should be more difficult than bringing it back to life. Why, then, should they deem it difficult for God when by the nature of things it should be easier?
“Osmonlar va yerdagi eng oliy sifat Uniki-dir.” (27-oyat) Uning sifatlari hech kim bilan sherik bo‘lmaydi. Hech narsa Unga hech qanday jihatdan o‘xshamaydi. “U – Qudratli, Hakim zotdir.” (27-oyat) U xohlaganini qiladi, barcha narsa ustidan hukmronlik qiladi va O‘z hikmati bilan butun yaratilmishlarining ishlarini boshqaradi.
“His is the most sublime attribute in the heavens and the earth.” (Verse 27) His attributes are not shared with anyone else. Nothing is similar to Him in any way. “He is the Almighty, the Wise.” (Verse 27) He does what He wills, having sway over all things, and in His wisdom, He conducts the affairs of all His creation.