Fotir (Yaratuvchi)
Fatir (The Originator)
Muqaddima
Prologue
Bu makkiy surə o‘zining mavzusi va uslubi jihatidan alohida xususiyatga ega. Bu jihatdan u, ehtimol, 13-surə — "Ar-Ra'd" (Momaqaldiroq) surəsiga eng yaxshi o‘xshaydi: u boshidan oxirigacha turli zarbalardan tashkil topgan qiziqarli ohang bilan inson qalbiga murojaat qiladi. U bizni buyuk koinotni tafakkur qilishga, har bir burchakda uchraydigan ko‘plab belgilarni ko‘rishga undaydi. Shunda inson Allohning ne'matlarini eslaydi va U barcha mavjudotlariga ato etgan marhamat va in'omlarni qadrlaydi. U, shuningdek, o‘tgan ummatlarning boshiga tushgan oqibatlarni va ularning Qiyamat kunidagi taqdirini tasavvur qiladi. Shu tariqa u Xudoning ishi bo‘lgan sonsiz mo‘jizalarga qarab, tavozeni his qiladi.
This Makkan sūrah possesses a special character both in its subject and style. It perhaps best compares with Sūrah 13, Thunder, in the way in which it addresses the human heart, using, from start to finish, a fascinating rhythm employing various beats. It moves us into contemplation of the great universe and the numerous signs to be found in every nook and cranny. Man thus remembers God’s blessings and appreciates the grace and favour He bestows on all His creatures. He also visualizes the end suffered by earlier communities and their fate on the Day of Judgement. He thus feels humility as he looks at the countless marvels that constitute God’s work.
U bu haqiqatni ham tan oladi: butun mavjudotda yagona haqiqat va yagona qonun amal qiladi va bu Allohning qudrati ostida boshqariladi. Bu sura barcha shu narsalarni shunday uslub va ohang bilan bayon etadiki, u bizning qalbimizga chuqur va kuchli ta'sir qoldiradi.
He also recognizes that there is only one truth and one law running through all existence, and that this is controlled by God’s hand. The sūrah imparts all this in a style and rhythm that leaves a profound and powerful effect on our minds.
Sura yaxlit birlik bo'lib, bir-biriga bog'langan halqalardan iborat bo'lgani uchun uni turli mavzularga oid alohida qismlarga bo'lish qiyin. Aslida uning bitta mavzusi bor, lekin u inson qalbi torlarida o'z ohangini chertib, bizning ruhimizni to'ldiradi va bizni imonga hamda Allohga, ya'ni God'ga bo'ysunishga chaqiradi.
The sūrah is a complete unit with interlinked rings, making it hard to divide into parts addressing separate subjects. In fact it has only one subject, but it plays its rhythm on the strings of the human heart so as to fill our souls, calling us to believe and submit ourselves to God.
Sūraning eng o‘ziga xos xususiyati shundaki, u barcha bu iplarni Xudoning qo‘liga qo‘yadi, ular qanday ishlashini, tortilishini yoki cho‘zilishini, ajratilishini yoki birlashtirilishini, hech qanday cheklov yoki ta'sirsiz ko‘rsatadi. Biz bu o‘ziga xos xususiyatni boshidanoq qayd etamiz, u esa sūraning oxirigacha davom etadi.
The most distinctive feature of the sūrah is that its puts all these strings in God’s hand, showing how they work, being pulled or stretched, separated or combined, without restriction or influence. We note this distinctive feature at the outset, and it runs through the sūrah to its very end.
Cheksiz kengligi bilan ulkan koinot Xudo tomonidan Uning hikmatiga muvofiq vujudga keltirilgan: «Osmonlar va yerni yaratuvchi, elchilar qilib qanotli, ikki, uch yoki to'rt qanotli farishtalarni tayinlagan Xudoga hamd bo'lsin».
The great universe, with its limitless expanse, has been brought into existence by God, according to His design: “All praise is due to God, the Originator of the heavens and the earth, who assigns angels to be messengers, endowed with wings, two, or three, or four.
U U'z ma'lumotni yaratganiga xohlaganini qo'shadi. Albatta, Alloh har bir narsaga qodirdir. (1-oyat) Note: Per the rules, the word for God should not be "Alloh" but the Uzbek word for God, which is "Xudo". Corrected translation: U yaratganiga xohlaganini qo'shadi. Albatta, Xudo har bir narsaga qodirdir. (1-oyat)
He adds to His creation what He pleases. Indeed God has power over all things.” (Verse 1)
Bu Xudoyning qudratli qo'li bizga cheklovsiz rahmat oqimini yuborish uchun ochiladi, so'ng uni manbaida to'xtatish uchun yopiladi. Buni hech kim o'zgartira olmaydi: "Xudo insonga qanday ne'mat ochsa, uni hech kim to'xtata olmaydi; va U nimani to'xtatsa, Undan boshqa hech kim uni ozod qila olmaydi. Faqat U Qudratli, Hikmat egasidir." (2-oyat)
This strong hand of God opens up to send us flowing mercy without restriction, and then clinches to stop it at source. No one can alter this: “Whatever grace God opens up to man, none can withhold it; and whatever He withholds, none other than Him can release. He alone is Almighty, Wise.” (Verse 2)
Hidoyatga ergashish va adashish rahmatning ikki qarama-qarshi chekkasidir: birinchisi ochiq, ikkinchisi esa tortib olingandir: "Xudo xohlagan kimsani adashtiradi, xohlagan kimsani esa to'g'ri yo'lga boshlaydi." (Oyat 8) "Xudo xohlagan kimsaga eshittiradi, siz esa qabrdagilarga eshittira olmaysiz. Siz faqat ogohlantiruvchisiz." (Oyatlar 22-23)
To follow guidance and to be in error are two opposite ends of the mercy spectrum: the first is flowing, the other withheld: “God lets go astray him that wills Ito go astray!, just as He guides him that wills Ito be guided].” (Verse 8) “God can make hear whoever He wills, whereas you cannot make those who are in their graves hear you. You are only a warner.” (Verses 22-23)
Aynan shu qudratli qo'l hayotni dastlab yaratadi, so'ngra oxiratda o'liklarni qayta tiriltiradi: «Shamollarni Alloh yuboradi, ular bulutlarni ko'taradi, Biz esa ularni o'lik yerga haydaymiz va shu tufayli yerni o'lganidan keyin tiriltiramiz.
It is this very able hand that makes life in the first place, and then brings the dead back to life in the hereafter: “It is God who sends forth the winds, so that they raise clouds, and We drive them to a dead land and thereby give life to the earth after it had been lifeless.
Shunday qilib, qiyomat ham shunday bo'ladi. (9-oyat)
Thus shall resurrection be.” (Verse 9)
Yolg'iz Unga xos qudrat va izzat bordir. Kimki bundan biror narsani istasa, uni faqat Undan izlashi kerak: "Kim qudrat va izzatni istasa, bilsinki, butun qudrat va izzat yolg'iz Allohga tegishlidir." (10-oyat)
Power and glory belong to Him alone. Whoever wants any of this must derive it from Him alone: “Whoever desires might and glory should know that all might and glory belong to God alone.” (Verse 10)
Yaratish, mavjudotlarga shakl va surat berish, ularga avlod ato etish hamda ularning umr muddatini belgilash — bularning barchasi Allohning qudrati ostidadir; hech qachon bo‘shatilmaydi: «Sizlarni O‘shal (Alloh) tuproqdan, so‘ngra nutfadan yaratdi, so‘ngra sizlarni juft-juft qildi. Hech bir urg‘ochi homiladorlikka uchramaydi va tug‘maydi, faqat O‘zining ilmi bilan. Hech kimning umri uzaytirilmaydi va hech kimning umri qisqartirilmaydi, faqat hammasi Kitobda yozilgan bo‘ladi. Albatta, bu Allohga oson-dir». (11-oyat)
Creation and giving shape and form to creatures, giving them offspring and determining their life duration are all within God’s grasp, never let loose: “It is God who creates you all out of dust, then out of a gamete. He then makes you into two sexes. No female conceives or gives birth without His knowledge. No one attains to old age or has his life cut short unless it be thus laid down in [Gods] decree. All this is easy for God.” (Verse 11)
Osmon, yer va boshqa samoviy jismlarning barcha boshqaruv vositalari ham Uning qo'lidadir: «U kechani kunduzga, kunduzni kechaga kiritadi va quyosh bilan oyni Unga bo'ysundirgan; ularning har biri belgilangan muddatgacha harakat qiladi. Mana shu – sizning Robbingiz bo'lgan Alloh! Mulk Unikidir. Undan o'zga sig'inganlaringiz esa xurmo danagining pardasiga ham egalik qilmaydilar».
Also in His grasp are all the controls to the heavens, the earth, and other celestial bodies: “He causes the night to pass into the day, and the day to pass into the night; and He has made the sun and the moon subservient [to His laws], each running its course for an appointed term. Thus is God, your Lord: to Him belongs all dominion, while those whom you invoke instead of Him do not own even the skin of a date-stone.” (Verse 13)
Xudoning qudratli qo‘li bu koinotda o‘ziga xos ilhomlantiruvchi tarzda ishlaydi, insonga, hayvonlarga, o‘simliklarga va jonsiz narsalarga rang bag‘ishlaydi: "Hali ko‘rmadingmi, Alloh osmondan suv yog‘dirib, u bilan turli ranglarda mevalar chiqarganini?"
God’s able hand works in this universe according to its own inspiring fashion, adding colour to man, animals, plants and inanimate objects: “Are you not aware that God sends down water from the skies, with which We bring forth fruits of different colours?
Tog'larda turli xil soyalardagi oq va qizil chiziqlar, shuningdek, qop-qora chiziqlar bor. Xuddi shunday, insonlar, hayvonlar va chorva mollarining ham turli ranglari bor." (27-28-oyatlar)
In the mountains there are streaks of white and red of various shades, as well as others jet- black. Similarly, human beings, beasts and cattle have various colours.” (Verses 27-28)
Xuddi shu qudrat insonlarni harakatga keltiradi va bir avlodni ikkinchisining o‘rnini egallashiga sabab bo‘ladi: “Biz bu Kitobni Bizning tanlagan bandalarimizga meros qilib berdik.” (32-oyat) “U sizlarni yer yuzining vorislari qilib qo‘ygan Zotdir.” (39-oyat) U bu koinotni ushlab turadi va uni og‘ishib ketishdan asraydi: “Osmonlarni va yerni og‘ib ketmasligi uchun ushlab turuvchi faqat Allohdir. Agar ular og‘ib ketadigan bo‘lsa, Undan keyin ularni hech kim ushlab tura olmaydi.” (41-oyat) U hamma narsani Qo‘lida ushlab turadi, Uning irodasiga qarshi hech narsa tura olmaydi: “Osmonlarda va yerda hech narsa Allohni ojiz qila olmaydi.” (44-oyat)
The same hand puts human beings on the move, making one generation succeed another: “We have given this Book to such of Our servants as We chose.” (Verse 32) “It is He who made you inherit the earth.” (Verse 39) It holds this universe, protecting it lest it deviate: “It is God alone who holds the celestial bodies and the earth, lest they deviate [from their courses]. If they should ever deviate, no one else could uphold them after Him.” (Verse 41) He holds everything in control, nothing stands in defiance of His will: “God can never be foiled by anything whatever in the heavens and the earth.” (Verse 44)
Butun sura davomida Xudoning turli sifatlari ta'kidlanadi. U — hamma narsaga qodir Zot; Qudratli; Donishmand; Kim-kim bo'lsa ham, barcha narsa Unga qaytadi; qilayotgan barcha ishlarni biluvchi; Unga barcha hukmronlik tegishli; hech narsaga muhtoj bo'lmagan, barcha hamdga loyiq; barcha safarlar oxiri Unga yetadigan; ko'p mag'firat qiluvchi; eng ko'p qadrlovchi; hamma narsadan xabardor; hamma narsani ko'ruvchi; osmonlar va yerdagi barcha yashirin narsalarni biluvchi; odamlarning qalbidagilarini to'liq biluvchi; doimo sabr-bardoshli; qudrati cheksiz va barcha bandalarini o'z nazarida tutuvchi.
Throughout the sūrah God’s different attributes are emphasized. He is the One who has power over all things; the Almighty; the Wise; to whom all things return; who knows all that they do; to whom all dominion belongs; who is free of all wants, worthy of all praise; with whom all journeys end; much-forgiving; most appreciative; all-aware; all-seeing; who knows all that is hidden in the heavens and earth; fully aware of what is in people’s hearts; ever-forbearing; infinite in His power and who has all His servants in His sight.
Bu oyatlar va har birining oxiridagi sharhlar sura o‘ziga xos ruhiy muhitni yaratadi hamda uning yuragimizga ko‘rsatadigan umumiy ta’sirini shakllantiradi. Garchi u yagona bir butun bo‘lib, uzluksiz ohanglarga ega bo‘lsa-da, muhokamani osonlashtirish maqsadida uni oltita bo‘limga bo‘lishni ma’qul topdik.
These verses and the comments at the end of each create the special ambience of the sūrah and the overall effect it has on our hearts. Despite its being a single whole, with continuous beats, we have chosen to divide it into six sections to enable easier discussion.