Uchinchi namunaga o‘tamiz. Oyatlar bu turdagi odamlarning tasvirini shunday chizadi: na birinchisidek yorqin va olijanob, na ikkinchisidek qora va past. Bu – tutib bo‘lmas, o‘tkinchi, doimo o‘zgarib turadigan obraz. Bular munofiqlardir: «Odamlar orasida shunday kishilar borki: “Biz Allohga va Oxirat kuniga iymon keltirdik”, deydilar. Holbuki, ular mo‘minlar emaslar. Ular Allohni va iymon keltirganlarni aldamoqchi bo‘ladilar, aslida esa faqat o‘zlarinigina aldaydilar, lekin buni sezmaydilar. Ularning qalblarida kasallik bor, Alloh ularning kasalligini yanada ziyoda qildi. Yolg‘on so‘zlab yurganliklari uchun ularga alamli azob bor. Ularga: “Yer yuzida fasod tarqatmang”, deyilsa, “Biz faqat islohchilarmiz”, deydilar. Ogoh bo‘ling, aslida ular fasodchilarning o‘zidirlar, lekin sezmaydilar. Ularga: “Boshqa odamlar iymon keltirganidek iymon keltiringlar”, deyilsa, “Nahotki bizni nodonlar iymon keltirganidek iymon keltirishga undasalar?” deydilar. Ogoh bo‘ling, aslida ular o‘zlari nodondirlar, lekin bilmaydilar. Ular mo‘minlar bilan uchrashganlarida: “Biz iymon keltirdik”, deydilar. Yolg‘iz qolganlarida esa shayton do‘stlari bilan: “Biz sizlar bilan birgamiz, biz faqat masxara qilyapmiz, xolos”, deydilar. Alloh ularni masxara qilur va ularni adashgan holda isyonlarida adashtirib qo‘yur. Ana shular hidoyatni zalolatga sotganlardir. Ularning savdosi foyda keltirmadi va ular to‘g‘ri yo‘lni topa olmadilar». (Ayatlar 8–16)
We now move on to the third model. The picture that the verses paint of this type of people is neither as bright and noble as the first nor as dark and base as the second. It is an elusive, evanescent image, constantly changing. These are the hypocrites: “There are some who say: “We believe in God and the Last Day’, yet, in truth, they do not believe. They seek to deceive God and the believers, but they are only deceiving themselves, though they may not realize it. There is sickness in their hearts, and God has aggravated their sickness. Painful suffering awaits them for the lies they keep telling. When it is said to them: “Do not spread corruption in the land’, they say: “We are but doers of good.’ But, they indeed are the ones who do spread corruption, though they do not realize it. When it is said to them, ‘Believe as other people have believed’, they say, Are we to believe as the fools believe?’ It is indeed they who are fools, though they do not know it. When they meet the believers, they say, ‘We believe’, but when they are alone with their devilish allies, they say, ‘We are with you, we are only mocking.’ God will put them to derision and let them continue their transgression, blundering blindly along. These are the ones who barter away guidance for error. Their transaction is profitless and they will receive no guidance.” (Verses 8-16)
Bu Madina aholisining bir qator kishilari tavsifi edi, ammo bu tasvirni har bir insoniyat avlodida uchratish mumkin. Bunday kishilar jamiyatning yuqori qatlamlari orasida topiladi, ular haqiqatni ochiq qabul qilish yoki aniq rad etish uchun ma'naviy jasoratga ega emaslar. Ular doimo axloqiy ustunlik pozitsiyasini egallashga, o'zlarini boshqalardan yuqori qo'yishga va ularning tushunchasini mensimaslikka intiladilar. Shuning uchun bu oyatlarni mutlaq ma'noda qabul qilishimiz kerak: ular barcha avlodlardagi munofiqlarni tasvirlaydi. Darhaqiqat, ular barcha jamiyatlarda bir xil bo'lgan inson ruhiga murojaat qiladi.
This was a description of a number of people in Madinah, but the picture can be identified in every human generation. Such people are to be found among the elite of society who lack the moral courage to either openly accept the truth or clearly reject it. They are ever assuming the moral high ground, placing themselves above all others, deriding their understanding. We should, therefore, take these verses in their absolute sense, as being descriptive of hypocrites in all generations. They indeed address the human soul which is one in all societies.
Odatda, munofiqlar Allohga va Oxirat kuniga iymon keltirganliklarini da'vo qiladilar, holbuki ular haqiqatda bunday iymonga ega emaslar. Ular shunchaki o'z haqiqiy his-tuyg'ularini va e'tiqodlarini oshkor qilishga irodasi yetmaydilar.
Typically, the hypocrites claim belief in God and the Last Day when they in fact entertain no such belief. They simply do not possess the resolve to declare their true feelings and convictions.
Ular o'zlarini shunchalik aqlli va ayyor deb o'ylaydilarki, go'yo "soddadil" mo'minlarni aldashga qodirdek tuyuladilar, lekin Alloh ularning harakatlaridagi haqiqatni ochib beradi. Ular nafaqat mo'minlarni, balki Allohning Özini ham aldashga urinadilar: "Ular Allohni va mo'minlarni aldamoqchi bo'ladilar." (9-oyat)
They delude themselves into thinking that they are so clever and cunning as to be able to deceive the ‘naive’ believers, but God uncovers the truth about their actions. They are trying to deceive not only believers, but God Himself: “They seek to deceive God and the believers.” (Verse 9)
Ushbu va shunga o‘xshash Qur’on oyatlari buyuk haqiqatni va Alloh taolo mo‘minlarga ato etgan ulug‘ sharafni ochib beradi, chunki ular Uning mo‘minlar bilan bo‘lgan maxsus munosabatini ta’kidlaydi. Yaratgan doimo mo‘minlar tarafida turadi va ularning g‘amini O‘z g‘ami qiladi. U ularni himoya qiladi, dushmanlariga qarshi turadi va ularga qaratilgan har qanday hujumni qaytaradi. Bu buyuk sharaf mo‘minlarning boshqa odamlar orasidagi mavqeini yuksaltiradi va Allohga iymon keltirish bu dunyodagi barcha tushunchalarning eng olijanobi va eng sharaflisi ekanligini tasdiqlaydi. Bu mo‘min uchun cheksiz ishonch manbai bo‘lib, Alloh uning ishini qo‘llab-quvvatlashi, uni tarbiyalashi va uning tarafida kurashishini bildiradi. Boshqa faniylarning makri va fitnalaridan qo‘rqmasa ham bo‘ladi.
This and similar Qur’ānic verses reveal a great truth and an honour that God has bestowed on believers, for they emphasize the special relationship He has with them. God always takes the believers’ side and makes their concern His concern. He protects them and stands against their enemy, and repels any attacks directed at them. This great honour elevates the status of believers among the rest of mankind, and affirms the fact that belief in God is the noblest and most honourable of all concepts in this life. It is the source of boundless reassurance to the believer that God supports his cause, nurtures him and fights on his side. The scheming and intrigue of other mortals is not to be feared.
Bu bayonot, muminlarni aldashga, ularga zarar yetkazishga yoki ularga qarshi makr-hiyla ishlatishga intilganlarga ham qattiq ogohlantirishdir. Unda aytiladiki, ular faqat muminlar bilan emas, balki Yaratguvchi Xudo bilan ham to‘qnashishlari kerak bo‘ladi. Muminlarga qarshi urush olib borish, aslida, Xudoning O‘zi bilan kurashish va Uning g‘azabi hamda jazosiga duch kelish demakdir.
This statement also carries a stiff warning to those who seek to deceive believers, harm them or scheme against them. It tells them that they will have to confront not only believers, but God Almighty. Waging war against believers means having to fight against God Himself and face His wrath and His retribution.
Ishonuvchilar bu haqiqatning ikki jihatini ham qadrlab, diqqat bilan o'ylab ko'rishlari kerak, shunda ular to'liq qanoatlanadilar va oxirgi muvaffaqiyatlariga ishonch hosil qiladilar. Ularning tanqidchilarining makri va dushmanligi yoki ular yetkazishi mumkin bo'lgan zarar sababli tashvishlanishlari shart emas. Shuningdek, mo'minlarning dushmanlari ular bilan qarama-qarshi turgan kuchning haqiqiy tabiati va ulkanligini anglash uchun ularni o'ylab ko'rishlari kerak.
Both aspects of this fact should be appreciated and carefully considered by believers, so that they may be fully satisfied and reassured of their ultimate success. They need not be perturbed by the scheming and hostility of their detractors or the harm that these people may inflict upon them. Equally, the enemies of the believers should reflect on them, in order to appreciate the true nature and magnitude of the force they are contending with.
Oyatga qaytib, uning ularning xatti-harakatini masxara qilayotganini ko'ramiz, ular "faqat o'zlarini aldayotgan bo'ladilar, lekin buni sezmaydilar", deb ko'rsatilmoqda. (9-oyat) Ular o'z ahvollarining haqiqatidan shu qadar bexabar va beparvo bo'lganlarki, ular faqat o'zlarinigina aldaydilar. Xudo ularning rejalari va aldovlarini biladi. Mo'minlar Xudoning himoyasi ostidadirlar. Bu ahmoq munofiqlarning fikrlari shunchalik buzilganki, ular o'zlarini g'olib deb hisoblaydilar va maqsadlariga erishganlarini o'ylaydilar, aslida esa ular o'zlariga halokatdan boshqa hech narsa topmadilar va o'zlarini dahshatli taqdirga mahkum etdilar.
Going back to the verse, we find that it mocks their behaviour, pointing out that “they are only deceiving themselves, though they may not realize it.” (Verse 9) They are so oblivious of the reality of their position, and so careless, that they deceive no one but themselves. God is aware of their schemes and deception. The believers are under God’s protection. The thinking of these foolish hypocrites is so warped that they believe they have triumphed and achieved their goal, whereas in fact they have earned themselves nothing but doom and have condemned themselves to a terrible fate.
Lekin, bu munofiqlar nima uchun bunday xatti-harakatga boradi, deb so'rashimiz mumkin? Javob shu: «Ularning qalblarida kasallik bor.» (10-oyat) Ularning munosabatida nimadir noto'g'ri, qalblari pok emas, va bu ularni yo'ldan ozdiradi hamda Olloh taolo g'azabini yanada ko'paytiradi. U esa ularning «kasalliklarini ziyoda qildi». (10-oyat)
But why, we may ask, do these hypocrites resort to such behaviour? The answer is: “There is sickness in their hearts.” (Verse 10) There is something wrong with their attitude and their hearts are not pure, which causes them to deviate and incur further displeasure from God, who has “aggravated their sickness.” (Verse 10)
Bu turdagi kasallik kichik og‘ishdan boshlanadi va inson ijtimoiy hamda ruhiy xulq-atvorining o‘rnatilgan qonunlariga ko‘ra asta-sekin o‘sib boradi. Taxminga ko‘ra, bunday xulq-atvor faqat bitta oqibatga olib keladi, xuddi Alloh va mo‘minlarni aldaganlarga munosib bo‘lganidek: “Ularga o‘zlari yolg‘on gapirib kelganlari uchun alamli azob bor.” ({Baqara surasi, 10-oyat})
This type of sickness begins as a minor deviation and grows gradually, according to the established laws of human social and psychological behaviour. Predictably, such behaviour will only lead to one end, as befits those who deceive God and the believers: “Painful suffering awaits them for the lies they keep telling.” (Verse 10)
Munofiqlarning boshqa xususiyatlari, ya’ni Madinadagi musulmonlar duch kelgan, shubhasiz, Abdulloh ibn Ubay ibn Salul kabi mashhur kishilarda yaqqol namoyon bo‘lgan xususiyatlari — o‘jarlik va o‘zlarining buzg‘unchi xatti-harakatlarini oqlashdir. Shu bilan birga ular jazodan qutulib qolishlariga nisbatan mag‘rur ishonch bilan yashaydilar. “Ularga: ‘Yer yuzida buzg‘unchilik qilmanglar’, deyilganda, ular: ‘Biz faqat yaxshilik qiluvchilarmiz’, deydilar. Ogoh bo‘linglar, aslida ular buzg‘unchilik qiluvchilardir, lekin buni sezmaydilar...” (11-12-oyatlar). Ular faqat yolg‘on gapirish va aldash bilan cheklanib qolmaydilar. Ular yolg‘on da’volar qiladilar va bu bilan yarasiga tuz sepgandek, yana ham ko‘proq haqorat qiladilar.
Other characteristics of the hypocrites, which were certainly evident in the case of those notorious ones encountered by the early Muslims at Madinah, such as Abdullāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl, is obstinacy and justification of their corrupting behaviour, together with an arrogant belief that they will escape punishment. “When it is said to them: Do not spread corruption in the land’, they say: “We are but doers of good.’ But, they indeed are the ones who do spread corruption, though they do not realize it...” (Verses 11-12) It is not sufficient for them simply to tell lies and resort to deception. They have to make false claims, adding insult to injury.
Bunday odamlar har bir avlodda uchraydi. Ular yovuzlik va buzg'unchilikni davom ettiradilar, ammo o'zlarini islohotchi va to'g'ri xulq-atvor tarafdori sifatida ko'rsatadilar. Ularning jamiyat oldidagi mas'uliyati va umumiy manfaatga sadoqati haqidagi tushunchalari buzilgan, yaxshilik va yomonlikni baholashlari ham buzilgan. Xudoga bo'lgan imon va xolislikning yo'qligi ularning to'g'ri va noto'g'ri haqidagi tasavvurini xiralashtiradi va natijada ularning harakatlari shaxsiy xohish-istaklar ta'siri ostida qoladi. Ularning yaxshi va yomon, to'g'ri va noto'g'ri haqidagi mezonlari Xudo belgilagan me'yorlarga asoslanmaydi. Shu sababli ular qattiq va jiddiy ravishda ogohlantiriladi: "Bilib qo'yinglar, ular o'zlari sezmasalar ham, aynan buzg'unchilik qiluvchilardir." (12-oyat)
People of this type can be found in every generation. They perpetuate evil and corruption but claim to be proponents of reform and proper behaviour. Their standards of responsibility towards society and dedication to the common interest are distorted, and so is their evaluation of good and evil. Lack of faith and sincerity towards God blurs their vision of right and wrong, allowing their actions to be influenced by personal whims and desires. Their criteria of good and evil, right and wrong, are not dictated by the standards laid down by God. Therefore they are strongly and severely reprimanded: “They indeed are the ones who do spread corruption, though they do not realize it.” (Verse 12)
Munofiqlar yana o‘zlarining takabburligi, boshqa odamlarni mensimasligi va o‘zlari bo‘lmagan narsaga o‘zlarini soxta ko‘rsatishi bilan ajralib turadilar. Tavsif davom etadi: "Ularga: «Boshqa odamlar iymon keltirganidek iymon keltiringlar», deyilganda, ular: «Ahmoqlar iymon keltirganidek biz ham iymon keltirishimiz kerakmi?» deyishadi. Aslida, ahmoq bo‘lgan ular o‘zlari, lekin buni bilmaydilar", (13-oyat).
Hypocrites are also distinguished by their arrogance, their contempt for other people and their pretence to be what they are not. The description continues: “When it is said to them, ‘Believe as other people have believed’, they say, Are we to believe as the fools believe?’ It is indeed they who are fools, though they do not know it.” (Verse 13)
Shu narsa aniqki, Madinadagi munofiqlardan talab qilinayotgan narsa samimiy va sarsonsiz iymon bo'lib, shaxsiy istak yoki hovur-havasdan xoli edi. Ularga Islomni to'liq qabul qilgan, o'zlarini to'liq Allohga topshirgan va qalblarini hamda aqllarini Payg'ambar Muhammad ﷺ ning ta'limotlari va ko'rsatmalariga ochgan kishilar qatoriga qo'shilish chaqirilgan edi.
It is clear that what the hypocrites of Madinah were being called on to demonstrate was sincere, unwavering faith, free of personal desire or caprice. They were being urged to join those who accepted Islam in its totality, submitted themselves completely to God, and opened their hearts and minds to the teachings and instructions of the Prophet Muĥammad (peace be upon him).
Lekin shu narsa ham ayonki, ular qabul qilishdan ko'ra o'zlarini ortiq ko'rgan edilar. Ular Islomni kamtarin va jamiyatning kambag'al qatlamlari uchun bo'lgan din deb tushunar edilar va bu din yuqori tabaqaga mos kelmaydi, deb o'ylar edilar. Bu ularning javobida aks etgan. Ularning shunday degani keltiriladi: "Ahmoqlar ishongandek biz ham ishonamizmi?" Unga mos ravishda shunday javob berilgan: "Ha, aslida ahmoqlar ular o'zlari, lekin ular buni bilmaydilar." (13-oyat) Ahmoqlar o'z ahvolini kam hollarda anglaydilar va doimo o'zlarini solih va to'g'ri deb aldashga tayyor turadilar.
But it is also clear that they were too proud to accept. They thought of Islam as a religion for the meek and the poor in society, which did not become the lofty elite. This was reflected in their response. They are quoted as saying: “Are we to believe as the fools believe?” which is appropriately met by: “It is indeed they who are fools, though they do not know it.” (Verse 13) Fools are seldom aware of their predicament and are always willing to delude themselves that they are righteous and proper.
Keyingi xususiyat esa Madinadagi munofiqlar bilan hasad qiluvchi yahudiylar o'rtasidagi umumiy jihatni ochib beradi. Ularning yolg'on va aldovlari musulmonlarga qarshi xiyonat va yashirin rejalar bilan yanada og'irlashadi: "Ular mo'minlar bilan uchrashganda: «Biz iymon keltirdik», deydilar, lekin shayton do'stlari bilan yakka qolganlarida: «Biz sizlar bilan birgamiz, biz faqat masxara qilyapmiz», deydilar." (14-oyat)
Then comes the last characteristic, which reveals the common ground that the hypocrites of Madinah shared with the grudging Jews. Their lies and deceptions are compounded by treachery and murky scheming against the Muslims: “When they meet the believers, they say, ‘We believe’, but when they are alone with their devilish allies, they say, ‘We are with you, we are only mocking.’” (Verse 14)
Ba'zi odamlarga yomonlik kuch-qudrat bo'lib tuyuladi va makr-hiyla san'at hisoblanadi; holbuki, aslida bunday emas. Kuchli inson hiyonat yoki makrga murojaat qilishga hech qachon ehtiyoj sezmaydi. Munofiqlar esa shunchalik qo'rqoq ediki, ochiqdan-ochiq chiqa olmas, faqat ikki yuzlamachilik yo'lini tutar edilar. Musulmonlar oldida o'zlarini iymon keltirganlar qilib ko'rsatar, shunday qilib o'zlarini himoya qilish va musulmonlar jamoasiga kirib olish, uni ichidan zaiflashtirish niyatida edilar. Ammo ittifoqchilari oldida, ko'pincha yahudiylar bilan, boshqacha gapirar edilar. Ularning bunday do'stligi yomon rejalardagi hamkorliklari bilan uyg'un edi.
To some people wickedness means strength and scheming is an art; yet the opposite is true. A strong person never feels the need to resort to treachery or intrigue. The hypocrites were too cowardly to come into the open and could only adopt a two-faced attitude. With the Muslims they professed belief in order to protect themselves and have access to the Muslim community and undermine it from within, but with their allies, who were often the Jews, they would say otherwise. Their rapport was matched by their cooperation in wicked schemes.
Ushbu xulq-atvorlarining bu jihati oshkor bo‘lgach, Alloh taolo eng qattiq ogohlantirishni yuboradi: "Alloh ularni masxara qiladi va ularni o‘z isyonlarida, ko‘rmay-bilmay adashib yurgan holda qoldiradi." (15-oyat)
As soon as this aspect of their conduct is revealed, God delivers the sternest warning of all: “God will put them to derision and let them continue their transgression, blundering blindly along.” (Verse 15)
Qanday xo'rlovchi, tahqirlovchi va dahshatli oqibat: ular hech narsani anglamay, yo'l-yo'riqsiz va rahbarsiz sarson-sargardon kezadilar, to tangri qo'li ularni yana ko'targunicha, xuddi zaif sichqonlar bexabarlik bilan tuzoqqa kirib borganidek. Bu ularning ahvolidagi haqiqiy kinoya bo'lib, mo'minlarni masxara qilishlari yanada arzimas va past ko'rinadi.
What a degrading, humiliating and terrifying end: they are left wandering heedlessly, without guidance or direction, until the hand of God picks them up again, like feeble mice walking unawares into a trap. This is the true irony of their situation, which makes their mockery of the believers appear even more petty and ignoble.
Bu yerda biz avval zikr etilgan abadiy haqiqatga yana duch kelamiz: Alloh doimo mo'minlarni himoya qilishga, ularga ishonch bag'ishlashga va dushmanlarini barbod etishga intiladi. Dushman esa Allohning vaqtincha rahm-shafqati va qisqa muhlatidan aldanib, qorong'ida takabburlik bilan adashadi, o'zining muqarrar va dahshatli taqdiri tomon yuradi.
Here again we are faced with the timeless truth mentioned earlier: that God always takes care to defend the believers, reassuring them and thwarting their enemy, who will blunder arrogantly in the dark, deceived by God’s temporary clemency and brief remission, towards their inevitable and dreadful fate.
Shunda yakuniy xulosa keladi: “Ana shular hidoyatni adashuvga sotganlardir. Ularning savdosi foyda keltirmaydi va ular hidoyat topmaydilar.” (16-oyat) Ular to‘g‘ri yo‘lga yo‘naltirilish imkoniyatini rad etdilar va bu haqdan mahrum bo‘ldilar. Ular har jihatdan bechora va butunlay adashgan holda qoldilar.
Then comes a final statement to sum up: “These are the ones who barter away guidance for error. Their transaction is profitless and they will receive no guidance.” (Verse 16) They spurned the opportunity to be rightly guided, and forfeited their right to it. They are left miserable and totally lost on all counts.