Lut (alayhissalom) ning huzuriga elchilarimiz kelganda, ularning sababli u xafa bo'ldi va ularni himoya qila olmasligidan qiynaldi. U dedi: «Bu dahshatli kun!» (77-oyat)
When Our messengers came to Lot he was troubled on their account, for he was powerless to offer them protection. He said: ‘This is a woeful day.’ (Verse 77)
Lut (a.s.) xalqining buzuqligidan xabardor edi, ular ayollar o‘rniga erkaklar bilan jinsiy istaklarini qondirishni afzal ko‘rar edilar. Shu tariqa ular tabiatga qarshi isyon ko‘tardilar. Tabiat esa Allohning donoligiga tayangan holda barcha turlarni juft-juft qilib yaratgan, toki naslning davom etishi va ko‘payishi ro‘y bersin. Buzilmagan tabiat esa bu donolikka tabiiy va instinktiv ravishda muvofiq bo‘lishdan haqiqiy zavq topadi.
Lot was aware of the perversity of his people, who preferred to satisfy their sexual desires with men instead of women. In so doing they rebelled against nature, which avails itself of God’s wisdom in creating all species in pairs so that procreation and regeneration can take place. Undistorted nature finds true pleasure in conforming to this wisdom, naturally and instinctively.
Ayni paytda turli xil buzuqliklar bor. Ammo Lut qavmining holati alohida. U ruhiy kasalliklarning jismoniy kasalliklar kabi yuqishi mumkinligini ko'rsatadi. Biror jamiyatdagi qadriyatlarning buzilishi va yomon namunalarning mavjudligi, sog'lom bo'lmagan muhit yaratishi natijasida Sadum qavmidagi kabi ruhiy buzilish tarqalishi mumkin. Bunday ruhiy buzilish tabiatga zid bo'lsa ham tarqalishi mumkin, chunki tabiat hayotning o'ziga xos qonuniga bo'ysunadi. Bu qonunga ko'ra, to'g'ri tabiat hayot talablariga javob beradigan narsadan zavq topadi va hayotning davomiyligini ta'minlaydi, hayotni bo'g'adigan narsadan emas. Jinsiy buzuqlik ikkinchi toifaga kiradi, chunki u hayot urug'ini o'sishiga yaroqsiz, yovuz tuproqqa qo'yadi. Shu sababli sog'lom inson tabiati nafaqat axloqiy jihatdan, balki instinktiv ravishda ham Lut qavmining amallarini jirkanch deb biladi. Sog'lom insoniy tabiat hayot baxsh etuvchi va hayotni boyitadigan narsaga sog'lom zavqni bog'lab qo'ygan Alloh qonuniga bo'ysunadi.
There are indeed all kinds of perversion. The case of Lot’s people, however, is singular. It suggests that psychological disturbances are infectious, like physical illnesses. It is possible that a psychological disorder such as that of the people of Sodom may spread as a result of a disturbance of values in any particular society and the presence of bad examples which produces an unhealthy environment. It is possible that such a psychological disorder spreads despite the fact that it is in conflict with nature which is subject to the same law that governs life itself. This law determines that upright nature finds its pleasure in what meets the requirements of life and ensures its continuity not in what stifles life. Sexual perversion is of the latter sort because it puts the seeds of life in a wicked soil that is not conducive to their growth. For this reason, healthy human nature instinctively, not only morally, finds the practices of Lot’s people repulsive. Sound human nature is subject to God’s law who grants life and who has made healthy pleasure attendant on what enriches life.
Ba'zan biz hayotdan ko'ra yuksakroq deb bilgan maqsadga erishish uchun o'limda ham zavq topamiz. Ammo bunday zavq ma'naviy zavqdir, jismoniy emas. Bundan tashqari, bunday o'lim hayotni bo'g'maydi. Aksincha, u hayotni boyitadi va uni yuksak darajaga ko'taradi. Bunday o'limdagi zavqni hayotni bo'g'uvchi buzuqlik bilan solishtirib bo'lmaydi.
Sometimes, we find pleasure in death for the achievement of a goal which is, to us, more sublime than this life. Such a pleasure, however, is moral, not physical. Besides, such death does not stifle life. On the contrary, it enriches life and elevates it to a sublime standard. There is no comparison between such a pleasure in death and a perversion that stifles life.
Lut (alayhissalom) o'z mehmonlari sababli qanday sharmandalik kutayotganini va bu mehmonlar o'z qavmidan qanday yomon muomala ko'rishini bilgach, ular uchun g'amga botdi va: "Bu qiyin kun", dedi. Qiyin kun tez orada boshlandi, qavmi unga yugurib kelganida: "Uning qavmi unga yugurib keldi, chunki ular uzoq vaqtdan beri qabih ishlarga intilib yurgan edilar." (78-oyat) Ular o'z istaklari bilan harakatga keltirilgan edilar, o'zini tuta olmay qolgan kishidek yugurardilar. Lutning mehmonlari sababli his qilgan tashvishi ham mana shu sababdan edi.
Knowing what scandal awaited him in front of his guests, and what ill-treatment awaited these guests from his own people, Lot was troubled on their account and exclaimed, “this is a woeful day.” The woeful day soon started when his people rushed towards him: “His people came running towards him, for they had been long keen on abominable practices.” (Verse 78) They were impelled by their desires, rushing like one who has lost self-control. This was the reason for the distress Lot felt on his guests’ account.
Lut alayhissalom qavmining uyiga shoshilib kelayotganini, ular uning va mehmonlarini haqorat qilishni niyat qilganini ko'rganda, ularning to'g'ri tabiatini uyg'otishga va sog'lom tabiat zavq topadigan qarama-qarshi jins tomon yo'naltirishga urindi. U hatto bu jinnivor odamlarning shahvatlarini pok, toza yo'l bilan qondirish uchun qizlarini ularga nikohlab berishga ham tayyor edi. “U dedi: «Ey qavmim! Mana, bu mening qizlarim: ular sizlar uchun pokroqdir. Allohdan qo'rqinglar va mehmonlarimni xorlab, meni sharmanda qilmanglar. Aqli joyida bo'lgan bir odam ham yo'qmi sizlar orasida?»” (78-oyat) Bu yerda ruhiy va jismoniy poklikning barcha ma'nolari nazarda tutilgan. Lutning qizlari jinsiy istakni qondirishning to'g'ri, sog'lom va tabiiy yo'lini ta'minlagan hamda sog'lom hislarni ham uyg'otgan bo'lar edi. Bu tabiiy, shuningdek, axloqiy va diniy jihatdan to'liq pok bo'lgan holatdir.
When Lot looked at his people coming hurriedly towards his home, intent on abusing him and his guests, he tried to arouse their upright nature and direct them to the opposite sex with whom healthy nature finds pleasure. He was even ready to give his daughters in marriage to those frenzied people to satisfy their maddening desires in a clean, pure way. “He said: ‘My people! Here are my daughters: they are purer for you. Have fear of God and do not disgrace me by wronging my guests. Is there not one right-minded man among you?’” (Verse 78) All the connotations of purity, psychological and physical, are meant here. Lot’s daughters would provide a proper, sound and natural way for the satisfaction of sexual desire, arousing healthy feelings as well. It is a situation of complete purity, natural as well as moral and religious.
Bundan tashqari, ular jismonan ham pokroqdir. Yaratguvchining irodasi yangi paydo bo‘layotgan hayot uchun toza, pok joy ta’minlagan.
Moreover, they are physically purer. The will of the Creator has provided a clean, pure place for the new emerging life.
Lut ham ularning Xudodan qo‘rqish tuyg‘usiga va mehmonga ziyofat berishdagi odob-axloq hissiga murojaat qilishga urindi: «Xudodan qo‘rqinglar va mehmonlarimni xorlab, meni sharmanda qilmanglar. Aranglarda to‘g‘ri fikrli bir odam yo‘qmi?» (78-oyat)
Lot also tried to appeal to their fear of God, and their sense of propriety in providing hospitality to one’s guests: “Have fear of God and do not disgrace me by wronging my guests. Is there not any right- minded man among you?” (Verse 78)
Sezgirlik yoki uning yo'qligi, shuningdek, sog'lom tabiat va odob-axloq qoidalariga oid masala ham shu yerda. Bularning hech biri ularning buzuqligini va psixopatik ongini to'xtata olmadi. Ularning jinniligi to'liq kuchida davom etdi. Ularning javobi yanada g'alati edi: "Ular dedilar: "Sen bilasanki, qizlaringga bizning hojatimiz yo'q va albatta, biz nimani xohlashimizni sen yaxshi bilasan."" (79-oyat)
Bu yerda Lutga yashirin eslatma bor: agar ular uning qizlariga uylanishni istaganlarida, buni qilishlari mumkin edi, chunki bu ularning huquqi va ularga bo'lgan da'vosi edi. Lekin ular buning o'rniga: "Albatta, sen nimani xohlashimizni yaxshi bilasan", dedilar. Bu yomon amaliyotga nisbatan badbin ishora edi! Lut hayron qoldi. U o'zini juda zaif his qildi, ayniqsa u uzoq yurtdan ko'chib kelib, bu xalq orasida joylashgan begona kishi edi. U o'zini qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan qabila yoki urug' yo'qligini tushundi; bunday og'ir kunda tayanadigan kuchi yo'q edi. G'amgin va xafa holda u barcha his-tuyg'ularini qayg'uga to'la so'zlarga aylantirdi: "U dedi: "Keni, sizlarga qarshi haqiqiy kuchim bo'lsa yoki mustahkam bir suyanchga tayana olsam edi."" (80-oyat)
U buni yigit ko'rinishidagi farishta bo'lgan mehmonlariga aytdi. O'zini juda kuchsiz his qilib, u ulardan yoki boshqa biror joydan yordam olish haqidagi, ehtimol, haqiqatga to'g'ri kelmaydigan istagini bildirdi. Qiyinchilik ichida Lut itoatkor bandalarini hech qachon tashlab qo'ymaydigan Allohning ulkan suyanchiga tayana olishini unutib qo'ydi.
The issue then is one of sensibility or the lack of it, in addition to its being an issue of healthy nature, and propriety behaviour. None of this, however, could counteract their perversity and psychopathic minds. Their frenzy continued in full force. Their reply was even more singular: “They answered: ‘You know we have no need of your daughters; and indeed you well know what we want.’” (Verse 79) Here is an implicit reminder to Lot that had they had any desire to marry his daughters, they would have done so, because that was their right, and they had a claim to them. But, instead they said: “Indeed you well know what we want.” A wicked hint to an evil practice! Lot was confounded. He felt his position was very weak, especially since he was a stranger who had settled among these people, having emigrated from a far-away land. He realized that he had no clan or tribe to support him; he had no strength upon which he could fall back on such a difficult day. Sad and distressed, he put all his feelings in words that were full of sorrow: “He said: ‘Would that with you I had real strength, or that I could lean on some mighty support.’” (Verse 80) He addressed this to his guests who were angels in the form of young men. Feeling that they were far from strong, he expressed his seemingly unrealistic wish for support from them or from somewhere else. In his difficulty, Lot overlooked the fact that he could indeed lean on the mighty support of God who does not fail His obedient servants.
Payg'ambar ﷺ bu oyatni o'qiganlarida shunday degan edilar: “Allohning rahmati mening birodarim Lutga bo'lsin. U albatta, o'zi izlagan qudratli tayanchga ega edi.” Uning tashvishi eng yuqori darajaga yetib, ishlar keskin tus olganda, farishtalar Lutga bor bo'lgan qudratli tayanch haqida xabar berdilar. Ular o'zlarining kimligini aytdilar, shunda u yaxshi oila a'zolari bilan birga najot topishi mumkin edi, faqat yomon odamlardan bo'lgan xotinidan tashqari: “[Farishtalar] dedilar: “Ey Lut, biz Robbingiz tomonidan yuborilgan elchilarmiz. Ular sizga hech qanday zarar yetkaza olmaydilar. Kechasi ahli-oilangiz bilan jo'nab keting va xotiningizdan tashqari, hech biringiz orqaga qaramang. Uni ham ularga yetgan azob yetadi. Ularning vaqti tong bo'lur. Tong yaqin emasmi?”” (81-oyat) Biz shuni ta'kidlaymizki, birinchi buyruq Allohga iymon keltirgan yaxshi odamlarning hech biri jo'nab ketishni kechiktirmasligini va orqasiga qaramasligini talab qilar edi, chunki shaharlarda qolganlarning hammasi tongga qadar halok qilinadi. Tong yaqinligi haqidagi savol Lutning tinchlanishiga yordam berish uchun qo'yilgan edi. Tong otganda, Alloh Lutning qudrati bilan erisha olmagan narsani o'z qudrati bilan qavmiga azob qilib yetkazar edi.
When the Prophet recited this verse he said: “May God have mercy on my brother Lot. He had indeed the mighty support he was looking for.” When his distress was at its highest and matters had come to a head, the angels informed Lot of the mighty support he had. They informed him of their identity, so that he might be saved along with the good members of his family, with the exception of his wife who belonged to the evil people: “[The angels] said: ‘Lot, we are messengers from your Lord. They shall not touch you. Depart with your household, during the night, and let none of you look back, except for your wife. She shall suffer the same fate which is to befall them. Their appointed time is the morning. Is not the morning near?’” (Verse 81) We note that the first instruction required that none of the good people who believed in God should delay their departure, or look back because all those who remained in the townships would be destroyed by morning. The rhetorical question about the morning being so near was meant to help Lot relax. Once the morning appeared, God would cause Lot’s people to suffer by His own strength what could never have been achieved by the strength Lot wished he had.
So‘nggi sahna Lut qavmiga munosib bo‘lgan dahshatli halokatdir. Belgilangan vaqtda, "Bizning hukmimiz kelganda, Biz u (shaharlar)ni tepa-tagiga aylantirdik va ularning ustiga Rabbingiz tomonidan belgilangan, bir-birining ustiga qatlanib tushgan loydan qilingan toshlarni yomg‘ir qilib yog‘dirdik."
The final scene is one of fearful destruction which Lot’s people deserved. At the appointed time, “when Our Judgement came to pass We turned those [towns] upside down, and rained on them stones of clay, ranged one upon another, marked out as from your Lord.
Va bunday (azob) zolimlardan uzoq emas.” (82-83-oyatlar) Bu butunlay vayronagarchilik manzarasi bo‘lib, hech narsa qolmaydi. Shuni e’tiborga olish kerakki, o‘sha shaharlardagi hamma narsani tagin-ustun qilib ag‘darish, aslida, Lut qavmini insoniy yuksak darajadan hayvonlar darajasigacha tushirib yuborgan buzuqlikka o‘xshaydi. Haqiqatan ham, ular hayvonlardan ham pastroq edi, chunki hayvonlar o‘z tabiatiga bo‘ysunadi va uni buzmaydi. Ularning ustiga yog‘dirilgan toshlar loy bilan bulg‘angan bo‘lgani uchun ularga munosib jazo vositasi edi. Toshlar bir-birining ustiga qalin qilib, ketma-ket yog‘dirildi. Shuni ham e’tiborga olamizki, bu toshlar xuddi chorva mollari belgilanib, ko‘payishi uchun erkin qo‘yib yuborilgani kabi, “Robbingiz tomonidan belgilangan” edi. Bu shunday taassurot uyg‘otadiki, go‘yo bu toshlar ko‘payib, zarur paytda tayyor bo‘lishi uchun qoldirilgandek. Bu shunday nafis ifodaki, u har qanday sharhdan ko‘ra yaxshiroq ma’no va ta’sir beradi. Shundan so‘ng, Allohning azobi har doim, kerak bo‘lgan vaqtda tayyor turishi va o‘z ustiga loyiq bo‘lganlarni albatta qamrab olishi haqida bayon keladi.
Nor is such [punishment] far from the wrongdoers.” (Verses 82-83) It is a scene of total destruction, leaving nothing standing. Note here that turning everything in those towns upside down is akin, in effect, to the perversity of Lot’s people which had brought them down from man’s high standard to the abject level of animals. Indeed, they were lower than animals because animals are bound by their nature. They do not distort it. The stones showered on them were a fitting means of punishment, because they were stained with mud. The stones were showered heavily “ranged one upon another. “We also note that these stones were ‘marked out as from your Lord,” the same way as cattle are marked out and left free for breeding. This gives the impression that these stones were left to breed and increase in order to be available at this time of need. It is a fine expression which imparts its own connotations far better than any interpretation could hope to achieve. This is followed by a statement that God’s punishment is always available, at any time it is needed, and it will always overwhelm those who deserve it.
Bu tasvirlangan falokat ba'zi vulqon otilishlariga o'xshaydi, ular yer qatlamining cho'kishiga sabab bo'ladi, shunda yer yuzida qurilgan narsalar yutib yuboriladi, bularning barchasi olov, toshlar, loy va lava bilan birga keladi. Zolimlar uchun Xudo ko'p narsani tayyorlab qo'ygan.
Biz buni Lut qavmi o'sha aniq vaqtda vulqon otilishi bilan jazolanganini ta'kidlash uchun aytmayapmiz. Shuningdek, buni inkor ham etmaymiz. Biz faqat shuni aytishimiz mumkinki, bu ehtimol yuz bergan bo'lishi mumkin, ammo buni aniq bilmaymiz. Biz Xudoning ishini biz tanish bo'lgan biror bir hodisa bilan cheklashni xohlamaymiz. Lekin ehtimol Xudo Lut qavmining taqdirini O'zining bilimi bilan oldindan belgilaganidek, vulqon otilishini keltirib chiqarishni oldin belgilagan bo'lishi mumkin. Bunday vaqt tanlash, albatta, Uning koinotdagi hokimiyatining va barcha ishlarini boshqarishining namoyon bo'lishidir. Shuningdek, Lut qavmiga yuz bergan voqea Xudo tomonidan o'sha aniq vaqtda, aynan o'sha shaklda ularni yo'q qilish uchun belgilangan maxsus harakat natijasida yuz bergan bo'lishi ham teng darajada mumkin. Agar biz Xudoning irodasini, Ibrohim xotinining taqdiri haqida izohlaganimizdek, koinotdagi hamma narsaga nisbatan tushunsak, Xudoning irodasi bilan sodir bo'ladigan har qanday voqeani tushunishda hech qanday muammoga duch kelmaymiz.
The calamity portrayed here sounds similar to some volcanic eruptions which cause subsidence, so that what has been erected on earth is swallowed up, while all this is accompanied with fire, stones, mud and lava. God has much in store for the evil-doers. We do not say this in order to suggest that Lot’s people were punished by a volcano erupting at that particular time. Nor do we deny it. All we can say is that this might have happened, but we do not know for certain. We do not like to restrict God’s action to any one phenomenon which is familiar to us. But it is probable that God had previously determined to cause a volcanic eruption to bring about the fate of Lot’s people as had been predetermined by His knowledge. Such timing is indeed part of the manifestation of His supremacy in the universe, and His conduct of all its affairs. It is also equally possible that what happened to Lot’s people occurred as a result of special action determined by God in order to destroy Lot’s people in that particular fashion at that particular time. If we understand God’s will as it relates to everything in the universe on the lines we have explained in commenting on the fortunes of Abraham’s wife, we will have no problem in understanding any event which takes place by God’s will.