Sura endi butun insoniyatga, lekin xususan o‘sha arablarga aniq bir bayon qiladi, to‘g‘rirog‘i ularga shu haqiqatni chuqur anglatish uchun: hamma narsa Allohning irodasi, hikmati va rejasiga bo‘ysunadi. Bu dunyoda beriladigan jazo va oxirat hayotida qo‘llaniladigan jazo, ulardan oldin yuborilgan xabar va ogohlantirishlar, Allohning elchilariga nozil qilingan vahiylar hamda ularni o‘rab turgan yaratilish, voqealar va rejalashtirishga oid barcha narsalar Allohning rejasi va irodasiga bo‘ysunadi.
The surah now makes a clear statement addressed to all mankind, but specifically to those Arabs, to drive home to them the fact that everything is subject to God’s will, wisdom and planning. The punishment administered in this life and the one inflicted in the life to come, the messages and warnings given before them, the revelations given to Gods messengers, and everything surrounding all this in terms of creation, events and planning are all subject to God’s plan and will.
Barcha bu narsalar va kattami yoki kichikmi, hammasi aniq o'lchov asosida yaratilgan va donolik bilan rejalashtirilgan. Hech narsa tasodifan yoki bexosdan yuz bermaydi: "Biz har bir narsani o'lchov bilan yaratdik." (49-oyat) Bu barcha mavjudotlarga tegishli: jim yoki nutqqa ega, harakatlanuvchi yoki qimirlamas, o'tmishdagi va hozirgi, ma'lum yoki noma'lum – ularning yaratilishi aniq o'lchovga bo'ysunadi. Aynan shu o'lchov har bir narsaning tabiatini, sifatlarini, miqdorini, vaqtini va joyini, shuningdek, uning atrofdagi boshqa narsalar bilan bog'lanishini va keltirib chiqaradigan ta'sirini belgilaydi.
All these and everything large or small are created in accordance with an accurate measure and are wisely planned. Nothing occurs haphazardly or by coincidence: “ We have created everything in due measure.” (Verse 49) This applies to all creatures, silent or endowed with speech, moving or motionless, past and present, known or unknown: their creation is subject to an accurate measure. It is this measure that determines the nature, qualities, quantities, time and place of everything, as well as their links with others around them and the effect they produce.
Ushbu qisqa Qur'on jumlasi koinot tomonidan tasdiqlangan buyuk va ulug' haqiqatga ishora qiladi. Dunyoga qarab unga munosabat bildirgan aql uni tan oladi. Inson aqli koinotning nozik darajada uyg'unlashtirilganini his qilishga majburdir. Undagi hamma narsa mutlaq muvozanat va uyg'unlikka erishadigan o'lchov bo'yicha mavjuddir.
This short Quranic statement refers to a major and momentous truth that is confirmed by the universe. It is acknowledged by the mind as it looks at the world around it and responds to it. The human mind is bound to feel that the universe is finely coordinated. Everything in it is according to a measure that achieves absolute balance and coordination.
Kuzatish, tadqiqot va tajriba bu haqiqatni, bu usullar erisha oladigan darajada va inson aqli anglay oladigan darajada tushunadi.
Observation, research and experience will understand this truth in as far as these methods can achieve and the human mind can fathom.
Shunga qaramay, undan tashqarida yanada buyuk va mukammalroq narsa mavjud. Inson tabiati koinotning unga ko'rsatadigan uyg'un ta'sirini qadrlaydi, chunki u haqiqatan ham shu uyg'unlashgan va tartibli koinotning bir qismidir, unda har bir narsa aniq o'lchov bilan yaratilgan.
Yet there remains beyond it what is greater and more perfect. Human nature appreciates the harmonious influence the universe leaves on it, since it is indeed part of this same coordinated and harmonious universe, in which everything is created in due measure.
Zamonaviy fan bu haqiqatning ayrim jihatlariga mavjud vositalar va usullar yordamida erisha oldi. Hozir u sayyoralar va yulduzlar orasidagi nisbiy masofalar, ularning o'lchamlari va tortishish kuchi haqida shunday bilimga ega bo'ldiki, olimlar ba'zi sayyoralarni ko'rishdan oldin ularning o'rnini aniqlay oladilar. Ular bu farazlarini shunga asoslaydilar: umumiy muvofiqlik talab qiladiki, bunday sayyoralar aynan ular belgilagan o'rinlarda bo'lishi kerak. Faqat shunday sayyoralarning o'z o'rinlarida mavjud bo'lishi ular kuzatgan sayyoralar harakatining ayrim jihatlarini tushuntiradi. Keyinchalik ularning farazlari to'g'ri ekani isbotlanadi, ya'ni barcha samoviy jismlar xato yo'l qo'yishga yo'l qo'ymaydigan aniq nisbatlarga muvofiq fazoda joylashtirilgan ekan.
Modern science has managed to reach some aspects of this truth, using what is available of tools and practises. It knows now the relative distances between planets and stars, their sizes and gravity to the extent that scientists are able to determine the positions of some planets before they can actually see them. They make their assumptions on the basis that overall coordination requires that such planets be in the positions they have defined. Only the existence of such planets in their positions explains certain aspects of the movement of the planets they have monitored. Later on, their assumptions are proved true, which means that all celestial bodies are placed in space according to accurate relations that admit no error.
Olimlar endi shuni anglab yetmoqdalar: yer sayyorasi o‘z o‘rnida muvozanat va uyg‘unlikka ega bo‘lishi, Alloh taolo unda yaratishni irода qilgan hayot turining davom etishini ta’minlash uchun mutlaqo zarurdir. Ularning aytishicha, bu muvozanat biror jihatdan buzilsa, yer yuzidagi barcha hayot yo‘q bo‘lib ketadi yoki umuman mumkin bo‘lmas edi. Yerning hajmi, massasi, Quyoshdan masofasi, Quyoshning massasi, harorati, o‘qining og‘ish burchagi, o‘z o‘qi atrofida aylanish va orbita bo‘ylab harakat tezligi, Oyning Yerga nisbatan joylashuvi, uning hajmi va massasi, yer yuzidagi dengiz bilan quruqlik o‘rtasidagi nisbat hamda yana yuzlab boshqa jihatlar va munosabatlar aniq o‘lchov bo‘yicha belgilangan. Ulardan biri buzilsa, hamma narsa o‘zgarib, oqibatda yer yuzidagi hayot tugaydi.
Scientists now realize that balance and coordination in the position of our planet earth are absolutely necessary to ensure the continuity of the type of life God has willed to place on it. They say that should this balance be disturbed in any aspect, all life on earth will be destroyed or would not have been possible in the first place. The size of the earth, its mass, distance from the sun, the mass of the sun, its temperature, the angle of its axis, its speed as it rotates and moves in orbit, the position of the moon in relation to the earth, its size and mass, the relation between sea and dry land on earth, and scores of other aspects and relations are all made according to an accurate measure. Should any of these be disturbed, everything would change resulting in the end of life on earth.
Yer yuzidagi hayotni nazorat ostida ushlab turish va tirik mavjudotlar o'rtasida, ularning yashash sharoitlari va turli turlar o'rtasida to'g'ri o'zaro munosabatlarni o'rnatish uchun zarur bo'lgan ko'plab omillarning muvozanati va uyg'unligi haqidagi tushunchamiz shunday darajaga yetganki, endi biz Qur'on oyatining ishora qilayotgan chuqur haqiqatini anglay olamiz. Muhitda va tirik mavjudotlar tabiatida hayot va omon qolish omillari bir tomondan, o'lim va yo'qolish omillari ikkinchi tomondan, doimo shunday nozik muvozanatda saqlanadiki, bu hayotning davomiyligi va rivojlanishini ta'minlaydi, uning shu darajada ko'payib ketishiga yo'l qo'ymaydi, natijada oziq-ovqat va omon qolish uchun zarur bo'lgan narsalar yetishmaydigan vaqt kelmasligi ta'minlanadi.
Our understanding of the balance and coordination between a large number of factors that are necessary to keep life on earth under control and establish the proper interrelations between living creatures and the conditions in which they live, and between different species of creatures, is such that we can now appreciate the profound truth the Quranic verse refers to. The factors of life and survival on the one hand and those of death and extinction on the other in the environment and the nature of living creatures are always kept in such a fine balance as to ensure the continuity of life and its progress without allowing it to increase to the extent that there would not come a time when there is not enough of what is necessary for sustenance and survival.
Biz oldingi jildda koinot va yer yuzidagi uyg'unlik hamda muvozanat haqida batafsil gapirgan edik,¹ va bu yerda turli turlar o'rtasidagi o'zaro munosabatlardagi muvozanatni muhokama qilish o'rinlidir:
We spoke at length on the harmony and balance in the universe and on earth in an earlier volume,1 and it is fitting that we discuss here the balance in the interrelation between different species:
Yirtqich qushlar sonining kamligi ularning kam tuxum qo‘yishi bilan bog‘liq. Ular, shuningdek, o‘ziga xos muhitda yashaydi. Boshqa tomondan, ular boshqa qushlarga qaraganda uzoqroq umr ko‘radi. Agar ular yuqoriroq darajada ko‘payish va barcha muhitlarda hozirgidek uzoq yashash imkoniyatiga ega bo‘lganida, ular kichikroq va ko‘proq sonli qushlarning yo‘qolib ketishini ta’minlagan yoki ularning sonini keskin kamaytirgan bo‘lar edi. Bu kichik qushlar shunchalik katta sonda kerak, chunki ular oziq-ovqat zanjirining bir qismi bo‘lib, yer yuzida hayotning davomiyligida muhim vazifani bajaradi.
Birds of prey are small in numbers because they lay few eggs. They also live in a special environment. On the other hand, they live longer than other birds. Had they been able to procreate at a higher rate and to live as long as they do in all environments, they would have ensured the extinction of smaller and more numerous birds or greatly reduced their numbers. These smaller birds are needed in such large numbers because they are part of the food chain and they fulfil an important role in the continuity of life on earth.
Bir pashsha millionlab tuxum qo'yadi, lekin uning umri ikki hafta. Agar pashshalar bir necha yil yashab, xuddi shunday tezlikda tuxum qo'yganida, yer yuzi butunlay pashshalar bilan qoplanib qolardi. Inson hayoti, shuningdek, boshqa ko'plab turlarning hayoti ham imkonsiz bo'lib qolardi.
A fly lays millions of eggs, but its life span is two weeks. Had flies lived for a few years laying eggs at the same rate, the face of the earth would have been entirely covered with flies. Human life, as well as the life of many other species, would have become impossible.
Biroq, Allohning belgilagan muvozanati hayot davomiyligi va ko'payish sur'ati o'rtasidagi munosabatni hayotning uzluksizligini ta'minlash maqsadida belgilab beradi.
However, the balance established by the Almighty determines the relation between life span and the rate of procreation to ensure the continuity of life.
Barcha tirik mavjudotlar orasida mikroblar soni eng ko'p, ko'payish va vayron qilish tezligi eng yuqori bo'lgan jonzotlardir; shu bilan birga, ularning qarshilik kuchi eng zaif va umr davomiyligi eng qisqadir. Sovuq, issiqlik, yorug'lik, kislotalar, plazma va boshqa ko'plab omillar tufayli ular millionlab nobud bo'ladi. Ular faqat cheklangan miqdordagi hayvonlar va insonlarni yengib o'tadi. Agar ularning qarshilik kuchi yoki umr davomiyligi kattaroq bo'lganida, ular butun hayotni yo'q qilib yuborgan bo'lardi.
Among all living things, microbes are the largest in number and fastest in multiplication and devastation; but at the same time they have the weakest resistance and the shortest life span. They die in their millions as a result of many factors, such as cold, heat, light, acids, plasma, etc. They overpower only a limited number of animals and humans. Had they had stronger resistance or a longer life span, they would have destroyed life altogether.
Har bir tirik tur o'z tabiiy dushmanlaridan himoyalanish va o'z omon qolishini ta'minlash uchun qurol bilan jihozlangan. Bunday qurollar to'da bo'lib harakatlanishdan tortib hujumning shiddatigacha turlicha bo'ladi. Ular orasida himoya qilish qurollari va usullarining katta xilma-xilligi mavjud. Kichik ilonlarda zahari bor va dushmanlaridan qochish uchun tez harakatlanadi, katta ilonlar esa mushaklarining kuchiga tayanadi. Shu sababli katta ilonlar orasida zaharlilari kamroq.
Every living species is equipped with a weapon to protect itself against its natural enemies and to ensure its own survival. Such weapons vary from moving in numbers to ferocity of attack. In between there is a great variety of weapons and methods of self defence. Small snakes have their poison and move at speed to evade their enemies, while large ones rely on the strength of their muscles. Hence, the poisonous ones are fewer among large snakes.
Qo'ng'izlar, o'zini himoya qilish imkoniyati juda kam bo'lgani uchun, o'zini asrash maqsadida o'ziga tegib ketgan har qanday narsaga achchiq hidli, kuydiruvchi modda sochishi mumkin. Kiyiklar sakrab, tez yugura oladi, sher esa juda kuchli. Kichik-kattaning barchasi shunday jonzotlardir.
Beetles, which have little in the way of self defence, can discharge on whatever touches them a foul-smelling caustic substance to protect themselves. Deers can jump and run at a fast speed, while lions are extremely powerful. Such are all living creatures, large and small.
Xuddi shunday, inson, hayvonlar, qushlar va boshqa barcha jonzotlar, shu jumladan eng quyi turlar ham o'z oziqlarini topish va yeydigan narsalaridan foyda olish vositalari bilan ta'minlangan. Urug'langan tuxum hujayrasi bachadon devoriga yopishadi va oziqlanishga muhtoj bo'ladi. U bachadon devorida yirtiq hosil qiladi va o'zi oziqlanishi mumkin bo'lgan qon hovuzini paydo qiladi, shu tariqa o'sib boradi. Embrion o'zini onasiga bog'lab turuvchi kindik orqali oziqlanadi. Agar kindik juda uzun bo'lganida, oziq embrionga yetib borguncha achib qolgan bo'lardi, agar juda qisqa bo'lganida esa oziq uning orqali otilib chiqib, embrionga zarar yetkazgan bo'lardi.2
Likewise, man, animals, birds and all other creatures, including the lowest species, are equipped with the means to obtain their food and to benefit by what they feed upon. The fertilized egg which clings to the uterus needs nourishment. It causes a tear in the wall of the uterus, making a pool of blood which it can feed upon, and thus it grows. An embryo feeds through the umbilical cord that links it to its mother. Had the cord been too long, the food would have become fermented before it reached the embryo, and had it been too short, the food would have gushed through it, and harmed the embryo.2
Tug'ilish sodir bo'lganda ona ko'kragidan oq, biroz sarg'ish suyuqlik ajraladi. Allohning yaratishidagi ajoyib narsalardan biri shuki, bu suyuqlik yangi tug'ilgan chaqaloqni kasalliklardan himoya qilish uchun erigan kimyoviy moddalardan iborat.
Bola tug'ilganidan bir kun o'tgach, sut kela boshlaydi. Allohning puxta rejasi shuni ta'minlaydiki, onaning suti miqdori kundan-kunga ortib boradi va bola bir yoshga to'lganda kuniga bir yarim litrga yetadi, dastlabki kunlarda esa bola atigi bir necha unsiya vaznga ega bo'ladi. Bolaning ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun nafaqat sutning miqdori ortadi, balki uning tarkibiy qismlari ham turi va konsentratsiyasi jihatidan o'zgaradi. Dastlabki kunlarda u oz miqdordagi uglevodlar aralashgan suvga o'xshaydi, lekin vaqt o'tishi bilan shakar, uglevodlar va oqsillarning konsentratsiyasi kundan-kunga ortib, bolaning sog'lom o'sishini ta'minlaydi.3
When birth takes place a white, slightly yellowish liquid is produced from the mothers breasts. One of the wonders of Gods creation is that this liquid consists of dissolved chemicals to protect the newborn from illness. One day after the child’s birth milk begins to flow. God’s elaborate planning ensures that the quantity of the mother’s milk is increased day after day, amounting to one and a half litres a day by the time the child is one year old, while it weighs only a few ounces in the early days. It is not merely the quantity of the milk that increases to satisfy the child’s needs, but also its ingredients change in kind and concentration. In the early days it is more like water containing a small amount of carbohydrates, but as time goes on the concentration of sugar, carbohydrates and proteins increases day after day, to ensure the child’s healthy growth.3
Inson tanasidagi turli tizimlarni, ularning vazifalarini, fiziologiyasini va insonning salomatligi hamda omon qolishini ta'minlashdagi o'rnini o'rganar ekanmiz, ajoyib darajada puxta rejalashtirilganidan hayratga tushamiz. Har bir insonga, hatto har bir a'zo va hujayraga g'amxo'rlik qilayotgan Allohning qudratini ko'ramiz. Bu ajoyib olamni bu yerda batafsil muhokama qila olmaymiz. Shu sababli, faqat endokrin bezlarning nozik sozlanishi haqida to'xtalamiz:
When we study the different systems in man’s body, their functions, physiology and role in ensuring man’s health and survival, we are amazed at the elaborate planning. We see God’s hand taking care of every individual, and indeed every organ and cell. We cannot discuss here this world of wonders. Therefore, we will only refer to the fine tuning of endocrine glands:
Bular tanadagi kerakli kimyoviy moddalar bilan ta'minlovchi kichik kimyoviy zavodlardir. Ular shunchalik kuchliki, ularning milliarddan bir ulushi ham tanaga jiddiy ta'sir qiladi. Ular shunday tartibda ishlaydiki, har bir bezning ajratmasi boshqa bezning ajratmasini to'ldiradi. Bu ajratmalar haqida biz bilganimiz shuki, ular ajoyib darajada murakkabdir. Agar ularning ajralishi buzilsa, bu tanada umumiy zarar keltiradi, va agar bu hatto qisqa vaqt davom etsa ham, juda jiddiy bo'lishi mumkin.4
These are small chemical factories providing the body with the chemicals it needs. They are so powerful that a fraction of one billionth of them will seriously affect the body. They function in such an order that the secretion of each gland complements the secretion of another. All that we know about these secretions is that they are surprisingly complex. Should their secretion be disturbed, this will cause general harm in the body, which could be very serious if it continues even for a short while.4
Hayvonlar o'zlarining turli tabiatlariga, shuningdek, yashaydigan muhitlari va sharoitlariga ko'ra turli tizimlarga ega.
Animals have different systems according to their different natures, as well as the environments and circumstances in which they live.
Sherlar, yo'lbarslar, bo'rilar, sirtlonlar va o'ljasini ovlab o'ldirishi kerak bo'lgan boshqa yirtqich hayvonlarning o'tkir tishlari va mustahkam ketchi tishlari bor. Ularning oyoq mushaklari ham kuchli, shuningdek, o'tkir tirnoqlari bor. Ularning oshqozoni xom go'sht va suyaklarni hazm qilish uchun zarur kislotalar va fermentlar ajratadi.5
Lions, tigers, wolves, hyenas, and other predators that need to hunt and kill their prey, have sharp teeth and firm molars. They also have strong leg muscles, as well as sharp claws. Their stomachs secrete the necessary acids and enzymes to digest raw meat and bones.5
Yaylovlarda o‘tlaydigan ruminant hayvonlar turli vositalar bilan jihozlangan:
Ruminant animals that graze in meadows have been equipped with different tools:
Ularning hazm qilish tizimi yashash muhitlariga mos keladigan tarzda yaratilgan. Og'izlari nisbatan keng, ularda itlar tishi ham, oziq tishlar ham yo'q. Buning o'rniga ularda o'tlar va o'simliklarni tez yeyishga yordam beradigan o'tkir kesuvchi old tishlar bor, ular ularni katta-katta bo'laklab yutadi, shunda insonga o'z tabiiy xizmatini ko'rsata olishlari uchun. Ilohiy g'amxo'rlik bu hayvonlarga juda o'ziga xos hazm qilish tizimini bergan. Yegan oziqlari avval rumenga boradi, u esa zaxira saqlash joyi vazifasini o'taydi. Hayvon kunlik ishini tugatib, dam olish uchun o'tirganida, yegan oziqlari retikulum deb ataladigan boshqa qismga o'tadi, so'ngra u yana og'izga qaytariladi va bu yerda yaxshilab chaynaladi, shundan keyin oshqozonning omasum deb ataladigan uchinchi bo'limiga yuboriladi.
Their digestive systems have been designed in a way that suits their environments. Their mouths are relatively wide, without canine teeth or molars. Instead they have sharp front teeth that help them to eat grass and plants quickly, swallowing them in gulps so as to be able to provide their natural service for man. Divine care has given these animals a most peculiar digestive system. The food they eat goes first to the rumen, which serves as a storage place. When the animal has finished its days work and sits for rest, the food it has eaten goes to another part called the reticulum, and then it is sent back to the mouth where it will now be chewed well before it is sent to a third compartment of the stomach called the omasum.
Oshqozonning to'rtinchi bo'limi abomasum deb ataladi.
The final stage is a fourth compartment called the abomasum.
Bu uzoq jarayon ushbu hayvonlarni himoya qilishga ham xizmat qiladi, chunki ular ko'pincha o'tlash joylarida yirtqich hayvonlar tomonidan hujumga uchraydi. Shu sababli ular ko'pincha ovqatni tez yutib, yashirinishga majbur bo'ladi. Olimlarning aytishicha, hazm qilishning bu jarayoni zarur, aslida hayotiy ahamiyatga ega. Pichan tarkibidagi selluloza tufayli o'tni hazm qilish qiyin, shuning uchun hayvonga ovqatini hazm qilish uchun uzoq vaqt kerak bo'ladi. Agar ularda ovqatni to'playdigan ro'da bo'lmaganida, bu hayvonlar butun bir kun, balki undan ham ko'proq vaqtni o'tlashga sarflashlari kerak bo'lardi va buning evaziga yetarli oziqlanmasdi. O'tni o'rib yeyish jarayonining o'zi hayvonni charchatgan bo'lardi. Hozirgi holatda esa, ovqatni tez-tez yutib, uni ro'daga to'plash, u erda biroz yumshatilib, bijg'itilishi, so'ngra qayta og'izga qaytarib yaxshilab chaynash imkonini beradi. Shu tariqa bu hayvonlar barcha vazifalarini bajara oladi: ishlarini qiladi, ovqatlanadi va ovqatni to'g'ri hazm qiladi. Har bir narsani mukammal loyiha asosida yaratgan Allohga, ya'ni Xudoga hamdu sano bo'lsin.6
This very long process also serves to protect these animals which are often attacked in their grazing places by predators. Therefore, they often need to swallow their food fast and hide. Scientists say that this process of digestion is necessary, indeed vital. Grass is hard to digest because of the cellulose it contains, which means that the animal needs a long time for digesting its food. Had it not had a rumen to store the food, these animals would have had to spend a long time, may be a whole day, in grazing without even giving them enough nourishment. The very process of cutting the grass and eating it would have been tiring to the animal. As it is, taking the food in gulps and storing it in the rumen where it is softened and fermented somewhat, then bringing it back to the mouth for further chewing, enables these animals to fulfil all functions: doing their work, eating and proper digestion. All glory belongs to God who created everything in an elaborate design.6
Yirtqich qushlar, masalan boyqush va lochin, go'shtni yirtish uchun o'tkir, egilgan, ilgakka o'xshash tumshuqlar bilan yaratilgan. G'ozlar va o'rdaklar esa, aksincha, loy va suvda oziq topish uchun mos keng, yassi va qoshiqsimon tumshuqlarga ega. Ularning tumshug'ining ikki tomonida hatto o'tni kesish uchun tish vazifasini bajaradigan kichik do'ngchalar bor. Yerdan urug' terib yeydigan xonaki tovuqlar va kaptarlarning tumshug'i qisqa va uchli. Oqqush esa ko'zga yaqqol tashlanadigan uzun tumshuqqa ega bo'lib, uning tagida baliq ovlovchining tori vazifasini o'taydigan xaltacha bor, chunki oqqushlar asosan baliq bilan oziqlanadi. Hudhud uzun va uchli tumshuqqa ega bo'lib, u ko'pincha yer yuzasi ostida bo'ladigan hasharotlar va qurtlarni izlash uchun xizmat qiladi. Olimlar ko'pincha qushning tumshug'iga bir qarashning o'zi uning nima bilan oziqlanishini bilish uchun yetarli ekanini aytadilar. Qushlarning hazm qilish tizimining qolgan qismi ham ajoyib darajada o'ziga xosdir. Qushlarning tishi yo'qligi sababli, ularga hazm qilish uchun qo'shimcha oshqozon (zob) va tappi (qum oshqozon) berilgan. Qushlar oshqozonning hazm qilish vazifasiga yordam berish uchun ba'zi qattiq narsalar va toshlarni ham tanlab yutadilar.7
Birds of prey such as the owl and the kite are given sharp, curved, hook-like beaks to be able to tear flesh. Geese and ducks are, by contrast, given wide, flat and spoon-like beaks suitable for catching food in mud and water. They even have on both sides of their beaks little lumps which serve as teeth to cut grass. Domestic fowls and pigeons which pick up seeds from the ground have short and pointed beaks. The swan has a conspicuously long beak at the bottom of which there is a sack that serves like a fishermans net because swans feed mainly on fish. The hoopoe has a long and pointed beak that serves to look for insects and worms that are often below the surface of the ground. Scientists often say that a glance at a birds beak is enough to tell us what it feeds on. The rest of the digestive system of birds is wonderfully peculiar. Since birds do not have teeth, they are given a crop and a gizzard for digestion. Birds also pick some hard objects and stones to help the gizzard in its digestive function.7
Agar biz barcha turlarni xuddi shunday tarzda ko'rib chiqsak, bu mashq uchun juda uzoq vaqt ketadi va biz bu ishda qo'llagan usuldan chetga chiqib ketamiz. Shuning uchun endi faqat bir hujayrali jonzot bo'lgan amyobaga qaraymiz, va Xudo uning hayotdagi vazifasini qanday belgilaganini hamda uni qanday parvarish qilishini ko'ramiz.
If we were to look at all the different species in the same way, it would take far too long in this exercise and would deviate from the method we have followed in this work. Therefore, we will now just look at the amoeba, the single-celled creature, to see how God has set its role in life and how He takes care of it.
Ameba — ko‘zga ko‘rinmas darajada kichik organizm bo‘lib, hovuzlarda yoki oqmas suvda, yoki shunday suvlarning tubiga cho‘kkan toshlarda yashaydi.
The amoeba is a microscopic organism that lives in ponds or stagnant water, or on stones settled at the bottom of such waters.
Uning tanasi jelega o'xshash bo'lib, zarurat tug'ilganda shaklini o'zgartiradi. U harakatlanganda tanasining qismlarini oldinga itarib, ularni oyoq sifatida ishlatadi. Ozuqa topganda, xuddi shunday o'simtalar yordamida uni oladi. U hazm qiluvchi suyuqlik ajratadi, shu yordamida o'ziga foydali bo'lgan narsalarni hazm qiladi va qolgan qismini chiqarib tashlaydi.
Its body is jellylike, changing shape as needed. When it moves, it pushes forwards parts of its body to use like feet. When it finds food, it picks it up with similar protrusions. It secretes a digestive fluid so as to digest what is useful to it and ejects the remainder.
U butun tanasi bilan nafas oladi, suvdan kislorod oladi. Tasavvur qiling, bu kichik jonzot, yalang ko'z bilan hech qachon ko'rib bo'lmaydigan, barcha hayot funksiyalarini bajaradi: oziqlanish, nafas olish, keraksiz moddalarni chiqarish va harakatlanish. O'sishni tugatgach, u ikkiga bo'linadi va har biri alohida amyobaga aylanadi...
It breathes with all its body, taking oxygen from water. Imagine this little creature which can never be seen with the naked eye performing all life functions, including taking nourishment, breathing, discharging unwanted stuff and moving around. When it has completed its growth, it divides into two, with each forming a separate amoeba...
O‘simliklar olamining ajoyib jihatlari inson, hayvon va qush hayotidagi ajoyibliklardan kam emas. O‘simliklarda ham puxta rejalashtirish xuddi shunday kuzatiladi: “U shunday Zotki, barcha narsani yaratdi va ularni aniq o‘lchov bilan belgiladi”* (25:2).
The wonders of the plant world are no less amazing than those of human, animal and bird life. Elaborate planning is equally observed in plants: “A is He who has created all things and ordained them in due proportions”* (25: 2)