Siyosat — ummatning ichki va tashqi ishlarini boshqarishdir. U davlat tomonidan ham, ummat tomonidan ham amalga oshiriladi. Davlat bu vazifani amalda hukumat orqali bajaradi, ummat esa davlatdan shu ish yuzasidan hisob so‘raydi.

Politics is taking care of the affairs of the Ummah domestically and internationally. It is performed by the State and the Ummah. The State takes on this task practically through government, and the Ummah accounts the State upon it.

Ushbu maqola siyosatning ta'rifi haqida bo'lib, bu hamma tomonidan qabul qilingan umumiy ta'rif hisoblanadi, chunki u siyosatning haqiqatini u aslida nima ekanligicha tavsiflaydi. Shu jihatdan u aql ta'rifi, haqiqat ta'rifi, hokimiyat ta'rifi va boshqa ma'nolarning ta'riflariga o'xshaydi, ular barcha odamlar uchun yagona haqiqatga ega bo'lgan, ular ustida ixtilof qilmaydigan, chunki u sezilib turadigan haqiqatdir; ular faqat uning qoidalari haqida ixtilof qiladilar. Bundan tashqari, siyosatning lug'aviy ma'nosi (Saasa, Yasuso, Siyasah) ishlarni boshqarishdir; bu "Al-Muhit" lug'atida keltirilgan: "Men fuqarolarni siyosatan boshqardim – ya'ni ularga buyurdim va ulardan qaytardim", va bu buyruqlar va taqiqlar orqali ishlarni boshqarishdir. Qo'shimcha ravishda hukmdorning harakatlari, hukmdorni hisobga tortish va musulmonlar ishlariga g'amxo'rlik qilish haqida rivoyatlar bor; ta'rif ularning barchasidan kelib chiqqan. Shunday qilib, muttafaqun alayhi rivoyatdagi Payg'ambar ﷺ so'zlari, bu yerda Al-Buxoriy Ma'qal ibn Yasordan keltirgan lafz bilan: «Alloh biror bandani rahbar qilib, u o'z ra'iyatini xayrixohlik bilan o'rab olmasa, Jannat hidini ham topa olmaydi».

This article is the definition of politics and this is a general definition held by everyone since it characterises the reality of politics as what it actually is. So it is similar to the definition of the mind, the definition of the truth, the definition of authority and other definitions from the meanings which have a single reality for all people which they do not differ over since it is a perceptible reality, and so rather they only differ over its rules. In addition to that, the linguistic meaning of politics (Saasa, Yasuso, Siyasah) is governing of the affairs; it is mentioned in the Al-Muhit dictionary: “I governed the citizens siyasatan – meaning I commanded them and I forbade them”, and this is the governing of affairs through commandments and prohibitions. Additionally there are narrations related regarding the actions of the ruler, accounting the ruler and concern for the Muslim affairs, and the definition has been derived from all of these; so the words of the Prophet in an agreed upon narration, the wording here from Al-Bukhari from Ma’qal b. Yasar: .» مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ يَسْتَ رْعِيهِ اللهُ رَعِيَّةً فَ لَمْ يُحِطْهَا بِنُصْحِهِ إِلاَّ لِمْ يَجِدْ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ «.

“Any slave whom Allah (swt) makes him in charge of subjects and he is not sincer to them, Allah (swt) will make Jannah unlawful for him”, and his words: . مَا مِنْ وَالٍ يَلِي رَعِيَّةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَ يَمُوتُ وَهُوَ غَاشٌ لَهُمْ إِلاَّ حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ « » الجَّنَّة .

“Any slave whom Allah (swt) makes him in charge of subjects and he is not sincer to them, Allah (swt) will make Jannah unlawful for him”, and his words: . مَا مِنْ وَالٍ يَلِي رَعِيَّةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَ يَمُوتُ وَهُوَ غَاشٌ لَهُمْ إِلاَّ حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ « » الجَّنَّة .

"Musulmon raiyatni boshqarish vakolatiga ega bo'lgan har qanday hukmdor, ularni aldab turgan holda vafot etsa, Alloh (SWT) unga Jannatni harom qiladi", va uning so'zlari:

“If any ruler having the authority to rule Muslim subjects dies while he is deceiving them, Allah (swt) will forbid Paradise for him.”, and his words:

. سَتَكُونُ أُمَرَاءُ فَ تَ عْرِفُونَ وَتُ نْكِرُونَ، فَمَنْ عَرَفَ بَرِئَ، وَمَنْ أَنْكَرَ سَلِمَ، وَلَكِنْ مَنْ « » رَضِيَ وَتَابَعَ، قَالُوا: أَفَلاَ ن قَُاتِلُهُمْ؟ قَالَ: لا مَا صَلَّوْا .

. سَتَكُونُ أُمَرَاءُ فَ تَ عْرِفُونَ وَتُ نْكِرُونَ، فَمَنْ عَرَفَ بَرِئَ، وَمَنْ أَنْكَرَ سَلِمَ، وَلَكِنْ مَنْ « » رَضِيَ وَتَابَعَ، قَالُوا: أَفَلاَ ن قَُاتِلُهُمْ؟ قَالَ: لا مَا صَلَّوْا .

"Ertada hukmdorlar (amirlar) bo'ladi, siz ularning yaxshi ishlarini ma'qullaysiz, yomon ishlarini esa yoqtirmaysiz. Kim ularning yomon ishlarini ko'rib, qo'li bilan yoki so'zi bilan ularning takrorlanishiga to'sqinlik qilsa, u aybdan xalos bo'ladi. Lekin kim ularning yomon ishlarini ma'qullasa va ularga ergashsa, u ruhan halok bo'ladi." Odamlar (Payg'ambar ﷺ dan) so'radilar: "Biz ular bilan urushmaymizmi?" U zot javob berdilar: "Yo'q, to ular namozni barpo etar ekanlar." (Muslim Umm Salamadan rivoyat qilgan.) Va uning so'zlari:

“There will be rulers (Amirs) and you will like their good deeds and dislike their bad deeds. One who sees through their bad deeds, and tries to prevent their repetition by his band or through his speech, is absolved from blame. But one who approves of their bad deeds and imitates them is spiritually ruined. People asked (the Holy Prophet): Shouldn't we fight against them? He replied: No, as long as they establish their prayers.” (reported by Muslim from Umm Salamah), and his words:

. وَ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ وَهَمُّهُ غَيْ رُ اللهِ فَ لَيْسَ مِنَ اللهِ فِي شَيْءٍ، وَمَنْ لَمْ ي هَْتَمَّ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ « » فَ لَيْسَ مِنْ هُمْ .

. وَ مَنْ أَصْبَحَ وَهَمُّهُ غَيْ رُ اللهِ فَ لَيْسَ مِنَ اللهِ فِي شَيْءٍ، وَمَنْ لَمْ ي هَْتَمَّ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ « » فَ لَيْسَ مِنْ هُمْ .

“Kim uyg‘onib, uning g‘amxo‘rligi Allahdan boshqasi bo‘lsa, u Allahdan emas, va kim musulmonlar haqida g‘amxo‘rlik qilmasa, u ulardan emas”, deb Hokim Al-Mustadrakda Ibn Mas’uddan rivoyat qilgan. Jarir ibn Abdulloh (SWT) rivoyat qilib aytdi: «Men Allahning Elchisi ﷺ bilan namozni to‘kis ado etish, zakot berish va har bir musulmonga xayrixohlik qilish shartida ahd bog‘ladim.»

“Whoever wakes up and his concern is other than Allah (swt), then he is not from Allah (swt), and whoever is not concerned with the Muslims then he is not from them” reported by Al-Hakim in Al- Mustadrak from Ibn Mas’ud, and it is reported from Jarir b. ‘Abd Allah (swt) who said: .» عَلَى: إِقَامِ الصَّلاةِ، وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَالنُّصْحِ لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ بَايَ عْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ «.

“Men Allohning Elchisiga ﷺ namozni o‘qish, zakot berish va har bir musulmonga samimiy va xayrixoh bo‘lish haqida bay’at berdim”, deb (Buxoriy va Muslim ittifoq qilgan), va Jarir ibn Abdulloh (SWT) rivoyat qilib aytadi:

“I gave pledge of allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) on the observance of prayer, payment of Zakah, and sincerity and well-wishing for every Muslim.” (agreed upon), and it is reported from Jarir b. ‘Abd Allah (swt) who said:

. قُ لْتُ: أُبَايِعُكَ عَلَى الإِسْلامِ، فَشَرَطَ عَلَيَّ: وَالنُّصْحِ لِكُلِّ أَتَ يْتُ النَّبِيَّ « » مُسْلِمٍ .

. قُ لْتُ: أُبَايِعُكَ عَلَى الإِسْلامِ، فَشَرَطَ عَلَيَّ: وَالنُّصْحِ لِكُلِّ أَتَ يْتُ النَّبِيَّ « » مُسْلِمٍ .

“Men Payg‘ambarning huzurlariga bordim va u zotga Islomga bay’at berdim. U zot har bir musulmonga nasihat qilishni shart qilib qo‘ydilar.” (Imom al-Buxoriy rivoyat qilgan).

“I went to the Prophet and gave him the pledge of allegiance upon Islam, and he made it a condition to give the advice to every Muslim.” (reported by Al-Bukhari).

Ushbu rivoyatlarning barchasidan chiqarilgan siyosatning ta'rifi — u hukmdor va uning hukmronlikni o'z zimmasiga olishi bilan bog'liq bo'lsin, yoki ummat va uning hukmdorni hisobga tortishi bilan bog'liq bo'lsin, yoki musulmonlarning bir-biri bilan munosabati, ya'ni bir-birining ishlaridan xabar olib, bir-biriga nasihat qilishi bilan bog'liq bo'lsin — bu ummatning ishlarini boshqarishdir. Demak, ushbu maqolada zikr qilingan siyosat ta'rifi shar'iy dalillardan chiqarilgan shar'iy ta'rifdir.

The definition of politics deduced from all of these narrations, whether related to the ruler and his undertaking of ruling, or to the Ummah and its accounting of the ruler, or to the relationship of the Muslims with each other in being concerned over their issues and advising each other, is that it is the governing of the affairs of the Ummah, and therefore the definition of politics, which this article mentioned, is a Shari’ah definition deduced from the Shari’ah evidences.