Modda 177 - Xalifalik davlatining qoralama konstitutsiyasi | Quran Course

Modda 177 - Xalifalik davlatining qoralama konstitutsiyasi | Quran Course

“Masjidda bo‘lganimizda, Rasul (alayhissalom) bizning oldimizga chiqdilar va: “Yahudiylarning oldiga boringlar”, dedilar. Shunda biz u zot bilan birga Midras uyiga borguncha yurdik. U zot turib, ularga murojaat qildilar: “Ey yahudiylar jamoasi! Islomni qabul qilinglar, shunda xavfsiz bo‘lasizlar”…” Midras esa ularning ibodatxonasi bo‘lib, ular unda Tavrotni o‘qir, diniy bayramlarida ibodat qilish uchun ham shu yerda to‘planar edilar. “Al-Muhit” lug‘atida shunday deyilgan: “Al-midras: Qur’on o‘qiladigan joy, yahudiylarning madrasi ham shu so‘zdandir”, ya’ni yahudiylar Tavrotlarini o‘qiydigan joy. “Lisan al-‘Arab”da esa quyidagi keltirilgan: “Yahudiylarning fuhri: ular diniy bayramlarida ibodat qilish uchun to‘planadigan madrasalari joyi”. Ya’ni Rasul (alayhissalom) davrida ular o‘z dinlarini cherkovlarida va sinagogalarida o‘rganishlari man etilmagan edi. Bu holat rosyidun xalifalar davrida ham davom etgan: ‘Abd ar-Razzoq o‘zining “Musannaf” kitobida ‘Ali ibn Abu Solib (roziyallohu anhu) dan rivoyat qiladi: “U bir qavmni ko‘rdi, ularning kiyimlari past osilgan edi, shunda dedi: go‘yo ular o‘z fuhrlaridan chiqayotgan yahudiylardek. Biz ‘Abd ar-Razzoqdan so‘radik: ularning fuhri nima? U dedi: ularning sinagogasi”. Ya’ni ‘Ali (roziyallohu anhu) kiyimlarini past osib namoz o‘qiydigan kishilarni ichkarida ibodatini tugatib chiqayotgan yahudiylarga o‘xshatdi. Demak, zimmiylar o‘z dinlarini va ibodat marosimlarini cherkovlarida hamda sinagogalarida yoki ularga bog‘liq joylarda amalga oshirar edilar, va ularda ma’lum ma’nodagi maxsus maktablar bo‘lmagan.

“While at the mosque, the Messenger (pbuh) came out to us and said: go to the Jews,and so we went with him until we went to the house of Midras. He stood up and addressed them, "O assembly of Jews! Embrace Islam and you will be safe" …” and Midras is the place of their worship which they used to read the Torah and in which they would also gather for prayers on their religious festivals. It is mentioned in the Al-Muhit dictionary: “Al-midras: the place which the Quran is read, and from it is the madras of the Jews”, in other words, where the Jews would read their Torah. In Lisan Al-‘Arab it mentions: “Fuhr of the Jews: the place of their madras which they would gather in on their religious festivals to pray there”. In other words, at the time of the Messenger (pbuh) they were not prohibited from learning their religion in their churches and synagogues. This continued throughout the time of the righteous Khulafaa’: it is reported by ‘Abd alRazzaq in his Musannaf from ‘Ali b. Abi Talib (ra): “he saw a people with their clothes hanging low and so he said: As though they were Jews leaving their Fuhr. We asked ‘Abd Al-Razzaq what is their Fuhr? He said their synagogue”. In other words, ‘Ali (ra) described those who prayed with their clothes hanging low as being like Jews who left their synagogues after finishing their worship inside. In other words, – the Dhimmis used to practice their religions and do their rituals of worship in their churches and synagogues, or in the places connected to them, and they did not have specific schools according to the known meaning.

Kimki amirga bo‘ysunishdan chiqib, musulmonlar jamoasidan ajralsa va shu holatda vafot etsa, u Johiliyya davri kishisining o‘limini o‘ladi. Kimki ko‘r-ko‘rona bir qavmning bayrog‘i ostida jang qilsa (ya’ni qaysi maqsad uchun kurashayotganini, uning to‘g‘riligini bilmasdan), qavm-qarindoshlik g‘ururiga berilib, oila sharafi uchun chaqirsa va qarindosh-urug‘lariga yordam bersa (ya’ni Allah uchun emas, shu oila yoki qabila uchun kurashsa), agar u shu jangda o‘ldirilsa, Johiliyya davri kishisi kabi o‘ladi. Ahmad Abu Nadrahdan, Al-Zayn tomonidan sahih deb tasdiqlangan isnod bilan rivoyat qilgan: Tashriq kunlarining o‘rtasida Allahning Rasuli ﷺ xutbasini eshitgan bir kishi menga aytdiki, u zot shunday degan: “Ey odamlar! Rabbingiz yagonadir, otangiz ham yagonadir. Arabning ajamdan, ajamning arabdan, qizilning qoradan, qoraning qizildan afzalligi yo‘q, faqat taqvo bilangina (afzallik bo‘ladi). Men (xabarni) yetkazmadimmi?” Ular dedilar: “Allahning Rasuli ﷺ yetkazdilar.” Bular maqola uchun keltirilgan barcha dalillardir.

“One who defected from obedience (to the Amir) and separated from the main body of the Muslims-if he died in that state-would die the death of one belonging to the days of Jahiliyya. One who fights under the banner of a people who ate blind (to the cause for which they are fighting. i. e. do not know whether their cause is just or otherwise), who gets flared up with family pride, calls, (people) to fight for their. family honour, and supports his kith and kin (i.e. fights not for the cause of Allah (swt) but for the sake of this family or tribe) -if he is killed (in this fight), he dies as one belonging to the days of Jahiliyya”. And it is reported by Ahmad with a chain from Abu Nadrah authenticated by Al-Zayn: Someone who heard the sermon of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) in the middle of the days of Tashriq told me that he said: O people – your Lord is one, and your father is one, there is no preference for an Arab over a non-Arab, nor a non-Arab over an Arab, nor for the red over the black, nor the black over the red, except in Taqwa (piety). Have I not conveyed? They said: The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) has conveyed.” These are all the evidences for the article.