Hokimlarning to'rt turi bor: xalifa, vakil (topshiriq bilan ishlovchi yordamchi), hokim (noib) va ’omil (ishchi), hamda ularga o'xshash hukmga kiruvchi har kim. Ulardan boshqa kishilar hokim hisoblanmaydi, balki xizmatchilar (ishchilar) hisoblanadi.

There are four types of rulers: the Khalifah, the delegated assistant, the governor, and the worker (’amil), and whoever falls under the same rule. As for anyone else, they are not considered rulers, but rather employees.

Maqoladagi hokim — bu butun davlat uchun bo‘lsin yoki uning bir qismi uchun bo‘lsin, ishlarni boshqarishga mas’ul bo‘lgan, hokimiyat egasi bo‘lgan shaxsdir. Shariat hukmlaridan kelib chiqqan holda xulosa qilinadigan bo‘lsa, ishlarni boshqarish, qonunlarni o‘rnatish va ularni amalga oshirishi jihatidan itoat etilishi lozim bo‘lgan mas’ul shaxslar to‘rttadir: xalifa, yordamchi (vazir-muovin), vali va omil. Ular hokimlik mavqeida bo‘lganliklari sababli itoat etilishi lozim.

The ruler in the article is the one holding authority who is responsible for governing the affairs, irrespective of whether the governance was for the whole State or for a part of it. Through deduction from the Shari’ah rules, the ones who are made responsible for governing the affairs, establishing the laws and are to be obeyed with respect to their implementation of the laws are these four: the Khalifah, the assistant (delegate minister), the governor, and the Amil; and they are to be obeyed due to their position of rule.

Xalifaga kelsak, u – ummat (millat) tomonidan dinni (din) o‘z vakili sifatida joriy etish uchun unga bay‘at berilgan kishidir. Shu sababli u hudud (jinoyatlarga belgilangan jazolar)ni joriy etadi, qonunlarni amalga oshiradi, jihod olib boradi va unga itoat qilish vojib bo‘ladi:

With regards to the Khalifah, he is the man who is given the pledge by the Ummah (nation) to establish the Deen (religion)as their representative, and so he establishes the hudud, implements the laws, and carries out the Jihad, and he is owed obedience:

.وَمَنْ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا فَأَعْطَاهُ صَفْقَةَ يَدِهِ وَثَمَرَةَ قَ لْ بِهِ فَ لْيُطِعْهُ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ « » آخَرُ ي نَُازِعُهُ فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَ الآخَرِ.

.وَمَنْ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا فَأَعْطَاهُ صَفْقَةَ يَدِهِ وَثَمَرَةَ قَ لْ بِهِ فَ لْيُطِعْهُ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ « » آخَرُ ي نَُازِعُهُ فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَ الآخَرِ.

"Kim halifaga bay'at bersa, unga qo'lining kaftini va yuragining samimiyatini bersin (ya'ni tashqi ham, ichki ham unga bo'ysunsin). U imkoni boricha unga itoat qilsin. Agar boshqa bir kishi chiqib, uning hokimiyatiga da'vo qilsa (xalifalikka bahs qilsa), ulardan (musulmonlar) o'sha kishining boshini kesishsin", - deb rivoyat qilingan Muslim tomonidan, Abdulloh ibn Amr ibn al-As orqali.

“He who swears allegiance to a Caliph should give him the grasp of his hand and the sincerity of his heart (i. e. submit to him both outwardly as well as inwardly). He should obey him to the best of his capacity. If another man comes forward (as a claimant to Caliphate), disputing his authority, they (the Muslims) should behead the latter.” (reported by Muslim through ‘Abd Allah b. Amr b. Al-‘As).

Qo'shimcha vazir – u halifaga davlat ishlarini boshqarishda yordam beruvchi yordamchidir; boshqacha aytganda, umumiy, doimiy va majburiy hokimlikdir. Buning dalili shuki, u hokimlik lavozimida bo'lib, halifa unga topshirgan yoki uning ishlarini amalga oshirishda yordam berishni so'ragan masalalarda unga itoat qilinishi shart. Ahmad ishonchli isnad bilan Oisha (roziyallohu anho)dan rivoyat qilgan: Allohning Elchisi ﷺ shunday degan:

As for the delegate minister, he is the assistant who assists the Khalifah in running the governing of the affairs; in other words, the general, continuous binding governorship. The evidence for this is that he is the one in a position of rule who must be obeyed in the issues that the Khalifah charged him with or requested him to assist him in carrying out the affairs. Ahmad reported with a good chain from 'Aisha (ra) that she said: the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,

"مَنْ وَلاَّهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شَيْئًا فَأَرَادَ بِهِ خَيْ رًا جَعَلَ لَهُ وَزِيرَ صِدْقٍ، فَإِنْ نَسِيَ ذكََّرَهُ، وَإِنْ ذكََرَ أَعَانَه ".

"مَنْ وَلاَّهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شَيْئًا فَأَرَادَ بِهِ خَيْ رًا جَعَلَ لَهُ وَزِيرَ صِدْقٍ، فَإِنْ نَسِيَ ذكََّرَهُ، وَإِنْ ذكََرَ أَعَانَه ".

Alloh (SWT) musulmonlar ustidan biror hokimni tayinlaganda va uning haqida yaxshilik istasa, unga sodiq vazir (yordamchi) tayinlaydi. U unutsa, eslatadi, eslasa, yordam beradi.

“ When Allah (swt) appoints a governer over Muslims, and desire good for him (this ruler), Allah (swt) appoints a sincere minister (assistant) to him who will remind him if he forgets and helps him if he remembers.”.

Hokimga kelsak, u xalifa Davlatning viloyatlaridan biriga hukmronlik vakolatini bergan kishidir. U hukmronlik mavqeida turgan va unga itoat qilinishi lozim bo‘lgan shaxs ekanligining dalili Muslim rivoyat qilgan hadisdir: Avf ibn Molik al-Ashja’iy aytadi: u Allohning Elchisi ﷺ shunday deganlarini eshitgan.

As for the governor, he is the man who the Khalifah gives authority to over one of the governorates of the State. The evidence that he is in a position of ruling who must be obeyed is what is reported by Muslim from Auf Bin Malik Al-Ashja’i who said that he heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) say.

."... أَلاَ مَنْ وَلِيَ عَلَيْهِ وَالٍ فَ رَآهُ يَأْتِي شَيْئًا مِنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ، فَ لْيَكْرَهْ مَا يَأْتِي مِنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ ، وَلاَ يَ نْزِعَنَّ يَدًا مِنْ طَاعَةٍ ".

."... أَلاَ مَنْ وَلِيَ عَلَيْهِ وَالٍ فَ رَآهُ يَأْتِي شَيْئًا مِنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ، فَ لْيَكْرَهْ مَا يَأْتِي مِنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ ، وَلاَ يَ نْزِعَنَّ يَدًا مِنْ طَاعَةٍ ".

“…ogohlantiraman! Kimning ustidan hokim tayinlangan bo‘lib, u hokimning Allohga itoatsizlik qiladigan ishga qo‘l urganini ko‘rsa, u hokimning ishini qoralashi lozim, Allohga itoatsizlik qilgani uchun, ammo uning itoatidan o‘zini tortmasligi kerak.”

“…mind you! One who has a governer appointed over him and he finds that the governer indulges in an act of disobedience to Allah, he should condemn his act, in disobedience to Allah, but should not withdraw himself from his obedience.”.

. "... إِذَا رَأَيْ تُمْ مِنْ وُلاتِكُمْ شَيْئًا تَكْرَهُ ونَهُ، فَاكْرَهُوا عَمَلَهُ، وَلا تَ نْزِعُوا يَدًا مِنْ طَاعَةٍ ".

. "... إِذَا رَأَيْ تُمْ مِنْ وُلاتِكُمْ شَيْئًا تَكْرَهُ ونَهُ، فَاكْرَهُوا عَمَلَهُ، وَلا تَ نْزِعُوا يَدًا مِنْ طَاعَةٍ ".

Amil esa xalifa tomonidan qishloq, shahar yoki viloyatning bir qismiga mas'ul etib tayinlangan kishi yoki uning vakilidir. Uning vazifasi hokimnikiga o'xshaydi, faqat u butun viloyatni emas, balki uning bir qismini boshqaradi. Shu sababli u hokim kabi itoat qilinishi lozim bo'lgan hukmdordir, chunki u xalifa yoki hokim tomonidan qo'yilgan rahbardir. Al-Bukhariy Anas ibn Molikdan rivoyat qilishicha, u dedi: Allohning Elchisi ﷺ shunday dedilar:

As for the ‘Amil he is the one who the Khalifah puts in charge of, or his representative, a village, town or part of a governorate. His work is like that of the governor except that he is ruling over a part of the governorate and not the whole of it and accordingly he is a ruler who must be obeyed like the governor, because he is a leader coming either from the Khalifah or the governor. Al- Bukhari reported from Anas b. Malik who said that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said.

. "اسْمَعُوا وَأَطِيعُوا وإِنِ اسْ تُ عْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ حَبَشِ ي كَأَنَّ رَأْسَهُ زَبِيبَة ".

. "اسْمَعُوا وَأَطِيعُوا وإِنِ اسْ تُ عْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ حَبَشِ ي كَأَنَّ رَأْسَهُ زَبِيبَة ".

“Hatto boshi kishmishdek bo‘lgan bir habashiy sizlarga hokim etib tayinlansa ham, unga quloq solinglar va itoat qilinglar”. Imom Muslim Umm al-Husayndan rivoyat qiladi, u aytdi: “Men Payg‘ambar ﷺ vido haji paytida xutba irod qilib, shunday deganlarini eshitdim:”

“Listen and obey even if an Ethiopian whose head is like a raisin where made your ruler”. Muslim reported from Umm Al- Husayn who said that she heard the Prophet (phuh) give a sermon in the farewell pilgrimage where he said.

."وَلَوِ اسْتُ عْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ يَ قُودُكُمْ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا".

."وَلَوِ اسْتُ عْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ يَ قُودُكُمْ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا".

“Agar sizlarga Allohning kitobi bilan sizlarni boshqaradigan qul hokim etilsa ham, unga quloq solinglar va itoat etinglar”.

“and even if a slave who leads you by the book of Allah is appointed over you, listen to him and obey”.

"Va shu qoida doirasiga kiruvchi har kim" iborasiga kelsak, bu Mazolim sudyasi va agar unga Mazolim sudyasini tayinlash va lavozimdan chetlatish vakolati berilgan bo'lsa, sudyalar sudyasini, shuningdek, Mazolim sudyalarining vakolatlarini anglatadi, chunki Mazolim sudyasi 78-moddada nazarda tutilgan hokimiyatga tegishlidir.

With respect to the expression “and whoever falls under the same rule”, this means the Madhalim judge and the judge of judges if he is given the authority to appoint and remove the Madhalim judge, as well as the powers of the judges in Madhalim, since the judge of Madhalim is from the rule as is the subject of article 78