Davlat barchaga bepul sog'liqni saqlash xizmatini ta'minlaydi, lekin xususiy tibbiy xizmatdan foydalanishni yoki dori-darmonlarni sotishni taqiqlamaydi.

The State provides free health care for all, but it does not prevent the use of private medical care or the sale of medicine.

Sog'liqni saqlash odamlar uchun ajralmas bo'lgan manfaat va ehtiyojlardan biri bo'lib, shu sababli u zaruriy narsalar jumlasiga kiradi. Payg'ambar ﷺ odamlarga davolanishni buyurganlar:

Healthcare is part of the interests and utilities which the people cannot do without and so it is considered to be from the essentials. The Messenger (pbuh) ordered people to take treatment:

. جَاءَ أَعْرَابِ ي فَ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَنَ تَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: نَ عَمْ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ ي نُْزِلْ دَاءً « » إِلاَّ أَنْ زَلَ لَهُ شِفَاءً، عَلِمَهُ مَنْ عَلِمَهُ وَجَهِلَهُ مَنْ جَهِلَه .

. جَاءَ أَعْرَابِ ي فَ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَنَ تَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: نَ عَمْ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ ي نُْزِلْ دَاءً « » إِلاَّ أَنْ زَلَ لَهُ شِفَاءً، عَلِمَهُ مَنْ عَلِمَهُ وَجَهِلَهُ مَنْ جَهِلَه .

“Bir badaviy kelib dedi: Ey Allohning Elchisi, men tibbiy davolanishdan foydalanishim kerakmi? U javob berdi: Tibbiy davolanishdan foydalaning, chunki Alloh taolo hech bir kasallikni unga davo qo‘ymasdan yaratmagan; uni biluvchi biladi, undan bexabar bo‘lgan esa bexabar bo‘ladi”, — deb rivoyat qilgan Ahmad Usома ibn Sharik’dan. Al-Tabaroniy “Al-Mu’jam al-Kabir” kitobida Usoma ibn Shariqdan keltirgan boshqa variantda esa shunday deyiladi: Note: I corrected a typo in the name "Usama" as it appeared mixed in the Cyrillic output. The corrected version is below. “Bir badaviy kelib dedi: Ey Allohning Elchisi ﷺ, men tibbiy davolanishdan foydalanishim kerakmi? U javob berdi: Tibbiy davolanishdan foydalaning, chunki Alloh taolo hech bir kasallikni unga davo qo‘ymasdan yaratmagan; uni biluvchi biladi, undan bexabar bo‘lgan esa bexabar bo‘ladi”, — deb rivoyat qilgan Ahmad Usama ibn Sharik’dan. Al-Tabaroniy “Al-Mu’jam al-Kabir” kitobida Usama ibn Shariqdan keltirgan boshqa variantda esa shunday deyiladi:

“A Bedouin came and said: O Messenger of Allah (pbuh), should I make use of medical treatment? He replied: Make use of medical treatment, for Allah (swt) has not made a disease without appointing a remedy for it, the one who knows it knows it and the one who is ignorant of it is ignorant of it” (reported by Ahmad from Usama Bin Shareek). And in another version from Al- Tabarani in Al-Mu’jam Al-Kabir, reported from Usamam b. Sharik:

. فَأَتَاهُ نَاسٌ مِنَ الأَعْرَابِ فَسَأَلُوهُ، فَ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ ،كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ « .» اللَّهِ، أَنَ تَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: نَ عَمْ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَمْ ي نُْزِلْ دَاءً إِلا أَنْ زَلَ لَهُ شِفَاء .

. فَأَتَاهُ نَاسٌ مِنَ الأَعْرَابِ فَسَأَلُوهُ، فَ قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ ،كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ « .» اللَّهِ، أَنَ تَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: نَ عَمْ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَمْ ي نُْزِلْ دَاءً إِلا أَنْ زَلَ لَهُ شِفَاء .

“Biz Allohning Rasuli ﷺ huzurida edik, shu payt qishloq arablaridan bir necha kishi keldi. Ular so‘radilar: Ey Allohning Rasuli ﷺ, biz tibbiy davolanishdan foydalanaylikmi? U zot javob berdilar: Tibbiy davolanishdan foydalaninglar, chunki Alloh (SWT) hech bir kasallikni unga shifo tayinlamasdan yaratmagan.” Va at-Termiziyda ham Usома ibn Sharik‘dan quyidagi so‘zlar bilan rivoyat qilingan:

“We were with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), when some desert Arabs came. They asked: Messenger of Allah (pbuh), should we make use of medical treatment? He replied: Make use of medical treatment, for Allah (swt) has not made a disease without appointing a remedy for it.”. And in Al-Tirmidhi also from Usamah b. Sahrik with the wording:

. قَالَتْ الأَعْرَابُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَلا نَ تَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: ن عََمْ، يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ تَدَاوَوْا، « فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَضَعْ دَاءً إِلا وَضَعَ لَهُ شِفَاءً، أَوْ قَالَ دَوَاءً إِلا دَاءً وَاحِدًا، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ » اللَّهِ، وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: ا لْهَرَم .

. قَالَتْ الأَعْرَابُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَلا نَ تَدَاوَى؟ قَالَ: ن عََمْ، يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ تَدَاوَوْا، « فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَضَعْ دَاءً إِلا وَضَعَ لَهُ شِفَاءً، أَوْ قَالَ دَوَاءً إِلا دَاءً وَاحِدًا، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ » اللَّهِ، وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: ا لْهَرَم .

"Bedavilardan bir qismi so'radi: «Ey Allohning Elchisi (ﷺ), biz davolanaylikmi?» U zot aytdilar: «Ha, ey Allohning bandalari! Davolaninglar. Chunki Alloh (SWT) biror kasallikni yaratmaganki, unga shifo ham yaratmagan» - yoki «dori» - «faqat bitta kasallik bundan mustasno». Ular dedilar: «Ey Allohning Elchisi (ﷺ)! U qaysi?» U zot aytdilar: «Qarilik»." Imom at-Termiziy ushbu rivoyat "hasan sahih" ekanini aytgan. 226-bob. Harom (Keksalik) - hayotning oxiri bo'lib, odatda o'limga olib keladi.

“Some Bedouins asked: 'O Messenger of Allah (pbuh) (s.a.w) shall we treat (our ill)?' He said: 'Yes, O worshipers of Allah (swt)! Use remedies. For indeed Allah (swt) did not make a disease but He made a cure for it' - or - 'a remedy. Except for one disease.' They said: 'O Messenger of Allah (pbuh) (s.a.w)! What is it?' He said: 'Old age.'”, and Al-Tirmidhi said this narration is Hasan Sahih. Al226 Haram (Elderliness) is the end of life, which is usually followed by death.

Bu davolanishning ruxsat etilganligini ko'rsatadi. Davolanish orqali foyda olinadi va zarar oldi olinadi, shuning uchun u maslahat (manfaat) sifatida qaraladi. Bundan tashqari, klinikalar va kasalxonalar Muslimlar davolanish va shifo topish maqsadida foydalanadigan vosita (maslahat) hisoblanadi, shu sababli sog'liqni saqlash xizmati manfaat va vositalarning bir qismidir. Davlat manfaat va vositalarni ta'minlashga majburdir, chunki bu Payg'ambar ﷺ ning so'zlariga ko'ra, davlat amalda boshqarishi lozim bo'lgan narsalarning bir qismidir:

This indicates the permissibility of seeking treatment. Through treatment, benefit is gained and harm is prevented, so it is considered to be an interest, and on top of that the clinics and hospitals are a utility which the Muslims use for the sake of seeking treatment and cure, and so healthcare is, therefore, part of the benefits and utilities. The State is obliged to provide the benefits and utilities, because it is part of what the State must practically manage due to the words of the Messenger (pbuh) :

.» الإِمَامُ رَاعٍ وَهُوَ وَمَسْؤُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ «.

.» الإِمَامُ رَاعٍ وَهُوَ وَمَسْؤُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ «.

“Imom – posbon, va u o‘z raiyyatining mas’ulidir” (Al-Buxoriy ‘Abdulloh (SWT) ibn Umardan rivoyat qilgan). Bu vasiylik (posbonlik) mas’uliyatlaridan bo‘lib, shu sababli davlatning zimmasiga uni xalqqa ta’minlash majburiyati yuklanadi. Bunga dalillardan:

“The Imam is a guardian and he is responsible for his subjects” (reported by Al-Bukhari from ‘Abd Allah (swt) Bin Umar). This is from the responsibilities of guardianship and for that reason it is obligatory upon the State to ensure it is provided to the people. From the evidences for that:

Muslim Jobirdan rivoyat qilgan, u shunday degan:

Muslim reported from Jabir who said:

.» إِلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ طَبِيبًا، فَ قَطَعَ مِنْهُ عِرْقًا ثُمَّ كَوَاهُ عَلَيْهِ بَ عَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ «.

.» إِلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ طَبِيبًا، فَ قَطَعَ مِنْهُ عِرْقًا ثُمَّ كَوَاهُ عَلَيْهِ بَ عَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ «.

Allohning Elchisi ﷺ Ubayy b. Ka'bga bir tabibni yubordilar. U tomirni kesdi, so'ng uni kuydirdi.

“The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sent a physician to Ubayy b. Ka'b. He cut the vein and then cauterised it”.

Al-Hakim narrated in Al-Mustadrak from Zayd b. Aslam from his father, who said: "I fell severely ill at the time of Omar Bin Al-Khattab, and so Omar called a physician for me, and so he warmed me up to the point I would suck on date pits due to the intense heat." Based upon this, it is obligatory upon the State to provide free medication and medical facilities, since it is part of the expenditures obligated upon the Bayt Al-Mal from the angle of being an interest and utility without recompense, and accordingly the State must provide all the health services without cost. This is the evidence that healthcare is part of what the State is obliged to provide to the people for free.

Al-Hakim narrated in Al-Mustadrak from Zayd b. Aslam from his father who said: “I fell severely ill at the time of Omar Bin Al-Khattab, and so Omar called a physician for me, and so he warmed me up to the point I would suck on date pits due to the intense heat.” Based upon this, it is obligatory upon the State to provide free medication and medical facilities, since it is part of the expenditures obligated upon the Bayt Al-Mal from the angle of being an interest and utility without recompense, and accordingly the State must provide all the health services without cost. This is the evidence that healthcare is part of what the State is obliged to provide to the people for free.

Shifokorni yollash va unga haq to'lashning ruxsat etilganligi davolanishga murojaat qilish mubah ekanligidan kelib chiqadi; oldin zikr qilinganidek, Payg'ambar ﷺ shunday degan:

As for the permissibility of hiring a doctor, and paying him a fee, this is because seeking treatment is permitted (Mubah); as mentioned previously the Prophet said:

.» يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ تَدَاوَوْا «.

.» يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ تَدَاوَوْا «.

“Ey Allohning bandalari, davolanishni izlanglar”, — deydi. Davolanish esa pul to‘lovchi shaxs erishishi mumkin bo‘lgan xizmat bo‘lgani uchun, ijara ta’rifi unga ham tatbiq etiladi va bu borada hech qanday man qilish rivoyat qilinmagan. Bundan tashqari, Anasdan rivoyat qilinadi:

“O Slaves of Allah (swt) seek treatment”, and since treatment is a service that the one paying for can achieve, therefore, the definition of hiring is applicable to it, and there has been no prohibition narrated regarding it. Above that, it is reported from Anas:

. حَجَمَهُ أَبُو طَيْبَةَ، وَأَعْطَاهُ صَاعَيِْ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَكَلَّمَ مَوَالِيَهُ احْتَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ « » فَخَفَّفُوا عَنْه .

. حَجَمَهُ أَبُو طَيْبَةَ، وَأَعْطَاهُ صَاعَيِْ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَكَلَّمَ مَوَالِيَهُ احْتَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ « » فَخَفَّفُوا عَنْه .

“Alloh (SWT)ning Payg‘ambari ﷺ ga Abu Toyba (`Abd Toyba) hijomat qildi, unga ikki sa‘ ovqat berdi va uning xo‘jayinlari oldida uning uchun shafoat qildi, natijada ular unga har kuni to‘lashni talab qiladigan miqdorni kamaytirdilar” (Al-Bukhoriy Anasdan rivoyat qilgan). Xo‘jayinlar deganda uning egalari nazarda tutilgan, chunki u bir guruh kishilarga qarashli bo‘lgan, buni Muslim rivoyati ham ko‘rsatadi. Ibn ‘Abbosdan rivoyat qilinadi:

“Allah (swt)'s Prophet was cupped by `Abd Taiba, to whom he gave two Sa of food and interceded for him with his masters who consequently reduced what they used to charge him daily.” (reported by Al-Bukhari from Anas), and what is intended by master was his owners since he was owned by a group, as indicated by the report in Muslim. It is reported by Ibn ‘Abbas:

. » وَأَعْطَى الحَْجَّامَ أُجْرَةً، وَلَوْ كَانَ سُحْتاً لََْ يعُْطِهِ احْتَجَمَ النَّ بِ «.

. » وَأَعْطَى الحَْجَّامَ أُجْرَةً، وَلَوْ كَانَ سُحْتاً لََْ يعُْطِهِ احْتَجَمَ النَّ بِ «.

“Payg‘ambar ﷺ hijomat qildirdilar va hijomat qilgan kishiga haqini to‘ladilar. Agar bu harom bo‘lganida, u buni to‘lamagan bo‘lardilar.” (Ahmad bu so‘zlar bilan rivoyat qilgan, Muslim va Al-Buxoriy esa boshqa so‘zlar bilan rivoyat qilganlar.) O‘sha kunlarda hijomat odamlar sog‘liqlarini parvarish qilish uchun qo‘llagan davolash usullaridan biri edi, bu esa unga haq to‘lash ruxsat etilganini ko‘rsatadi. Shifokorning haqiga o‘xshash, dorilarni sotish ham shunday; chunki bu Allohning (SWT) so‘zlari bilan qamrab olingan, ruxsat etilgan ishdir.

“The Prophet was cupped and he paid the wages to the one who had cupped him If it had been haraam, he would not have paid it.” (reported by Ahmad with this wording, and by Muslim and Al-Bukhari with a different wording). In those days Hijamah was part of the treatments that people would care for their health with, which indicates that to pay a fee for it is permitted. And similar to the fee for a doctor, is the selling of medicines since it is something permitted encompassed by the words of Allah (swt):

«Va Alloh (SWT) savdo-sotiqni halol qilgan» (TMQ 2:275), va uni taqiqlovchi biror matn rivoyat qilinmagan.

“And Allah (swt) has permitted trade” (TMQ 2:275), and there is no text narrated to forbid it.