Modda 179 - Xalifalik davlatining qoralama konstitutsiyasi | Quran Course

Modda 179 - Xalifalik davlatining qoralama konstitutsiyasi | Quran Course

“Imom (hukmdor) – ra’iy (posbon) bo‘lib, u o‘z ra’iyatlari uchun mas’uldir” (Al-Buxoriy Abdulloh ibn Umardan rivoyat qilgan), va qoida: “Vojib bo‘lgan narsani amalga oshirish uchun zarur bo‘lgan narsaning o‘zi ham vojibdir”. Kutubxonalar, laboratoriyalar va bilimni rivojlantirishning boshqa vositalari ummat ishlari jumlasiga kiradi, ularni boshqarish imomning vazifasidir va agar u bu borada kamchilik qilsa, uning uchun javobgarlik bor. Agar fiqhda ijtihod qilish va harbiy tayyorgarlik uchun zarur bo‘lgan ixtirolar yaratish bu bilim rivojlantirish vositalarisiz mumkin bo‘lmasa, u holda bu vositalarni ta’minlash halifaga vojib bo‘ladi, “Vojib bo‘lgan narsani amalga oshirish uchun zarur bo‘lgan narsaning o‘zi ham vojibdir” qoidasiga ko‘ra. Agar bu vositalar ushbu maqsadlarga erishishga yordam bersa va ijtihod hamda ixtiro masalasini osonlashtirsa, ular manfaatlarga erishtiruvchi ishlarni boshqarish jumlasiga kiradi; bunday holda ular vojib bo‘lmaydi, shuning uchun davlatda mablag‘ bo‘lsa, ularni tashkil etadi, aks holda esa qilmaydi. Bularning barchasiga ko‘ra, kutubxonalar, laboratoriyalar va bilimni rivojlantirishning qolgan vositalarini ta’minlash imom ta’minlashi lozim bo‘lgan ishlar jumlasiga kiradi, ya’ni davlat zimmasiga tushadigan ishlardir.

“The Imam (ruler) is a guardian and he is responsible for his subjects” (reported by Al-Bukhari from Abdullah Bin Umar), and the principle: “That, without which the obligation cannot be accomplished, is itself an obligation”. Libraries, laboratories and the rest of the means of developing knowledge are part of the affairs of the Ummah which the Imam must govern, and if he falls short he is accounted over it. If the Ijtihad in jurisprudence and the creation of inventions which are necessary for the sake of military preparations, are not possible without these means of developing knowledge, then to provide these means becomes an obligation upon the Khalifah in accordance with the principle: “That, without which the obligation cannot be accomplished, is itself an obligation”. If they help to achieve these goals, and simplify the issue of Ijtihad and invention, then they are part of the governing of the affairs which achieve benefits; in which case they would not be obligatory, and so if the State had the finances it would establish them and otherwise not. Due to all of this, the provision of libraries, laboratories and the remaining means to develop knowledge fall under what the Imam must provide, or in other words, what falls upon the State to provide.