1 – 字面引申义（Dalaalat Ul-‘ibaarah）
1 – Dalaalat Ul-‘ibaarah
其定义:
Its definition:
"دلالة العبارة"是指词语的"دلالة"（指示）在其本身的形式（صيغة）中，即刻可以理解的某个意义，无论此意义是否是由其语境（سياق）在原本上或在随后所欲表达的。 Let me give the proper translation instead: دلالة العبارة是词语的指示（دلالة），即从词语本身的形式（صيغة）中即刻可以理解的某种意义，无论这一意义是否是由其语境（سياق）在本意上或在引申上所要表达的。
The Dalaalt ul-‘Ibaarah is the Dalaalah (indication) of the Lafzh upon a meaning that is immediately understood from its same form (Seeghah) whether this meaning is what has been intended by its Siyaaq (context/framing) in origin or in following.
因此,凡是能直接从文本本身的字面(Lafzh)所理解的意义,并准确体现经文的含义,都属于此类。这种意义无需经过考察或思索(即不需要Ijtihaad)便可直接从措辞(Alfaazh)中理解;或者仅经过少许思考即可理解,而这种意义正是经文据此所确立的含义。这种原生或随之而来的意义被称为"Dalaalat ul-Ibaarah"(表述所示之义),因为它是从经文的"Ibaarah"(表述方式)中理解出来的。
It is therefore every meaning that is understood from the Lafzh itself and represents the exact meaning of the text. This meaning is understood from the Alfaazh (wordings) directly without the exertion of examination or reflection (i.e. without Ijtihaad) or it is understood after a little reflection and this is the meaning that the text establishes accordingly. This original or following meaning is called the Dalaalat ul-Ibaarah as it is understood from the ‘Ibaarah (expression) of the Nass (text).
示例:
Example:
真主(SWT)说:
Allah (swt) said:
"你们不要杀死安拉所禁止杀害的生命，除非依照正当的理由。这是安拉对你们的训诫，以便你们运用理智。"（《古兰经》6:151）
And do not kill the Nafs (human life) which Allah has forbidden [to be killed] except by [legal] right. This has He instructed you that you may use reason (Al-An’aam 151).
而至高的主说:
And He Ta’Aalaa said:
并且要确立拜功，缴纳天课。（黄牛章 43）
And establish the Salaah and give the Zakaah (Al-Baqarah 43).
安拉的使者ﷺ说：
And the Messenger of Allah (saw) said:
如果有人向两位哈里发宣誓效忠，那么就杀掉其中后者（即后来的那一位）。
If you pledge allegiance to two Khalifahs then kill the other (or latter) of the two (Muslim)
这三段文字从其措辞（'Ibaarah，即其字面用语，Alfaazh）表明了以下含义：
These three texts indicate by their ‘Ibaarah (expression) i.e. by its very wordings (Alfaazh), the following meanings:
- 禁止杀害人的生命，除非依据合法的权利。
- The prohibition of killing the human life except by (legal) right.
- 履行礼拜（Salaah）与天课（Zakaah）的命令。
- The request to undertake the Salaah and the Zakaah.
- 杀害另一位（或后一位）哈里发。
- The killing of the other (or latter) Khalifah.
经文的措辞（ألفاظ）可能表示不止一种含义，例如下面的例子：
The Alfaazh (wordings) of the Nusoos (text) can be indicative of more than one meaning like in the example:
“真主允许买卖，禁止利息。”（《黄牛》2:275）
And Allah has made trade Halaal and made Ribaa Haraam (Al-Baqarah 275).
这段文字可以理解出两层含义：
Two meanings are understood from this text:
A – 经文所原本要表达的含义，是否定将买卖与利息（Ribaa'）相提并论，这是对多神教徒所说之话的回应，他们曾说：
A – The originally intended meaning from the text and that is the negation of (making) resemblance between the trade and the Ribaa’ in response to the statement of the Mushrikeen who had said:
这是因为所述的交易实际上与高利贷（Ribaa）无异（《黄牛》章第275节）。
That is because the said trade is only like Ribaa (Al-Baqarah 275).
B – 随之而来的含义是：贸易是合法的（Halaal），而利息（Ribaa）是非法的（Haraam）。
B – The meaning that follows and that is the trade being Halaal and the Ribaa being Haraam.
以及先知的言语中的一个例子：
And an example from the speech of the Messenger (saw):
如果有人向两位哈里发宣誓效忠，那么就杀掉其中后者（即后来的那一位）。
If you pledge allegiance to two Khalifahs then kill the other (or latter) of the two (Muslim)
这段圣训及其措辞表明了两层含义：
This Hadeeth with its Alfaazh is indicative of two meanings:
A – 最初的本意，即穆斯林只能有一位哈里发的义务。
A – The originally intended meaning which is the obligation of there being one single Khalifah for the Muslims alone.
B – 随后的含义是：必须杀死与第一位哈里发争夺统治权的另一位哈里发。
B – The meaning that follows and that is the obligation to kill the other Khalifah who disputes the rule with the first Khalifah.