伊夫塔（Al-iftaa’）、伊timhaad（Al-ijtihaad）与卡达（Al-qadaa’） Correction on my own output: the transliterations above are slightly off. Corrected version: 伊夫塔（Al-iftaa’）、伊jtihaad（Al-ijtihaad）与卡达（Al-qadaa’）
Al-iftaa’, Al-ijtihaad And Al-qadaa’
关于“الإفتاء”（Al-Iftaa'，颁布教法裁决）与“الاجتهاد”（Al-Ijtihaad，独立探究）的区别：
The difference between Al-Iftaa’ and Al-Ijtihaad:
1 – 伊justiheed（Al-Ijtihaad）是指穆贾塔希德（Mujtahid）竭尽其努力与能力，从其详细的证据中直接推导（Istinbaat）出实践性的伊斯兰教法律条例（Ahkaam Ash-Shar'iyah）。
1 – Al-Ijtihaad is the exerting or expending of the Mujtahid’s effort (and capability) to deduce (Istinbaat) the practical Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah from its detailed evidences (directly).
至于“الإفتاء”（即发布教法裁决，Al-Iftaa'），它指的是穆夫提（Mufti）就某一问题告知其伊斯兰教法裁决（Hukm Ash-Shar'iy），无论该问题是否已经发生。
As for Al-Iftaa’ (i.e. passing of the Fatwaa) then it means the Mufti informing about the Hukm Ash-Shar’iy for a Mas’alah (issue) whether that issue occurred or not.
2 – 在"伊扎提哈德"（Al-Ijtihaad）中，规定并作为条件的是：穆扎希德（Mujtahid）必须熟悉推导律例所必需的沙里亚学科知识与语言学科知识。
2 – It is stipulated and made a condition in Al-Ijtihaad for the Mujtahid to be familiar with the Shar’iyah areas of knowledge and the linguistic areas of knowledge that are necessary for the deduction of the Hukm to be made.
至于伊斯兰教令（Al-Iftaa’），那么只要教法裁决官（Mufti）知道所询问之事的教法裁决（Hukm Ash-Shar’iy）即可，即便他并非该问题上的穆జ्तahid（独立判断的法学家）。
As for Al-Iftaa’, then it is enough for the Mufti to know the Hukm Ash-Shar’iy for the issue that he has been asked about and even if he is not a Mujtahid in it.