Al-hukm Ash-shar’iy Al-wad’iy
Al-hukm Ash-shar’iy Al-wad’iy
定义:
It definition:
这是立法者(Ash-Shaari')关于仆人('Ibaad)的行为所作的指示,即"Bi-l-Wad'i"(依据其既定方式)的相关规定。
It is the address of the legislator related to the actions of the ‘Ibaad (servants) Bi-l-Wad’i.
"الأحكام الوضعية" هي الأمور التي وُضعت (أو جُعلت) لأجل الأحكام التكليفية، كالسبب والشرط والمانع وغيرها، بغرض تحقق تلك الأحكام وإتمامها.
The Ahkaam of Al-Wad’i are the matters which have been placed down (or provided) for the Ahkaam of Takleef like the Sabab, Shart, Maani’ and others for the purpose of realising those Ahkaam and completing them.
"Khitab al-Taklif"(责任性的言辞/命令性的言辞)涉及的是人的行为本身,而"Khitab al-Wad'i"(设定性的言辞)则涉及"Khitab al-Taklif"。因此,"Khitab al-Wad'i"与人的行为是间接相关的。
The Address of Takleef relates to the action of the person directly whilst the address of Al-Wad’i relates to the address of the Takleef. Therefore, the address of Al-Wad’i is related to the action of the human or person indirectly.
示例:
Example:
天课(Zakaah)是一项指令性的律例(Hukm Takleefiy),它是必须履行的(Waajib)。
The Zakaah is a Hukm Takleefiy and it is Waajib.
天课的敛课标准(Nisaab)满一年,是使天课成为必须缴纳的条件,并且此条件具有强制性(Wujoob)。如果天课敛课标准方面的这一条件未能满足,缴纳的义务便不成立。这一条件属于Ahkaam Al-Wad’i(规定性律例)之列。
The passing of a year upon the Nisaab of the Zakaah is a Shart (condition) for obligating the Zakaah and it is Wujoob (obligatory). If this condition in respect to the Nisaab of the Zakaah is not realised the Wujoob (obligation) falls. This Shart is from amongst the Ahkaam Al-Wad’i.
Another example:
Another example:
Zuhr 礼拜是 Fard(法定义务),属于 Hukm Takleefiy(责成性的律例)。
The Zhohr prayer is Fard and is a Hukm Takleefiy.
这项礼拜有其因(Sabab)和条件(Shuroot),它们属于“Ahkaam Al-Wad’iyah”(规定性的律例)。太阳从天空中央偏移,是礼拜得以成立的因(Sabab);而洁净状态(Tahaarah)、Wudoo’(小净)以及面向Qiblah(麦加天房的方向),都是此礼拜有效的条件(Shuroot)。这些条件属于“Ahkaam Wad’iyah”,是Shar’iyah经文所指示或引导的内容。
This Salaah has a Sabab (cause) and Shuroot (conditions) and these represent the Ahkaam Al-Wad’iyah. So the sun’s movement away from the middle of the sky is the Sabab (cause) for the presence of the Salaah whilst Tahaarah (being in a purified state), Wudoo’ and facing the direction of the Qiblah are all Shuroot (conditions) for the validity of this prayer. These Shuroot represent Ahkaam Wad’iyah which the Shar’iyah texts have indicated or guided to.
因此,al-Ahkaam al-Wad'iyah(规定性法令)是对al-Ahkaam at-Takleefiyah(责成性法令)所作的、带有特定描述的法令。al-Ahkaam at-Takleefiyah的实现有赖于al-Ahkaam al-Wad'iyah,其完成(Ikmaal)同样有赖于它们,正如在天课和晌礼的例子中所见的那样。
Consequently, the Ahkaam Al-Wad’iyah are Ahkaam for the Ahkaam At-Takleefiyah with particular descriptions. The realisation of the Ahkaam At-Takleefiyah rests upon the Ahkaam Al-Wad’iyah just as their completion (Ikmaal) rest upon them, as was seen in the examples of the Zakaah and the Zhohr prayer.