المُكَلَّفُونَ بِالأَحْكَامِ(那些被赋予律法责任的人)
Al-mukallafoon Bil-ahkaam (those Who Have Been Charged Or Made Responsible With The Rulings)
凡是负有伊斯兰教律法责任（Mukallaf，即需承担义务者）的人，都是所有人。因此有学者对“沙里尔的裁定”（Hukm Ash-Shar’iy）下定义说：它是“立法者关于仆人行为的训令”，而这里的“仆人”（’Ibaad）指的是人，无论他们是穆斯林还是卡菲尔（不信者）。
Those who are Mukallaf (charged) with the Ahkaam (of Islaam) are all of the people and for that reason it has been said in regards to the definition of the Hukm Ash-Shar’iy that it is: “The address of the legislator related to the actions of the ‘Ibaad” and the ‘Ibaad refers to the people whether they are Muslim or Kuffaar (disbelievers).
这一论点的依据如下：
The Daleel for that is as follows:
1 – 安拉(SWT)说:
1 – Allah (swt) says:
说：“世人啊！我确是真主派给你们所有人的使者。”（《古莱业》158） Note: the original text here is a Qur'an verse, so no ﷺ is added, and I've kept it as the verse's own text.
Say: O people (Mankind) verily, I am the Messenger of Allah to you all (Al-A’araaf 158)
安拉至高无上说：
And Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
我并未派遣你，只是向全人类普遍地传达喜讯，并作警告者。（赛伯埃 28）
And We have not sent you except comprehensively to mankind as a bringer of good tidings and a warner (Saba’ 28).
所以，人类（Naas）整体都是伊斯兰教所面向的对象，穆斯林有责任以引人注目的方式将伊斯兰传达给他们。正如安拉的使者（ﷺ）在世时所做的那样：他派遣使者，致信当时著名的显要君主和统治者，邀请他们皈依伊斯兰，并归顺伊斯兰国。
So the ‘Naas’ (people/mankind) as a whole have been addressed with the Deen of Islaam and it is a duty for the Muslims to convey Islaam to them in an eye-catching manner. This is just as the Messenger of Allah (saw) did when he sent messengers and letters to the well-known and prominent kings and rulers existing at his time inviting them to embrace Islaam and to submit to the Islamic State.
2 ——《古兰经》对人类整体的呼唤：
2 – The Qur’aan addressing the people or mankind as a whole:
安拉(SWT)说:
Allah (swt) said:
人类啊！你们当崇拜你们的主。（黠嘿赖 2:21）
O Mankind worship your Lord (Al-Baqarah 21).
这里所说的“عبادة”（崇拜/敬拜）是其广义的含义，即遵循安拉的命令，远离祂所禁止的事物。安拉（SWT）说：
What is meant by ‘Ibaadah (worship) here is its general meaning which is to follow the commands of Allah and keep away from what He has forbidden. Allah (swt) said
“人们中有能力到天房朝觐的人，有责任为真主完成这次朝觐。”（阿里·伊姆兰 97）
And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House (Aali ‘Imraan 97).
安拉(SWT)说:
And Allah (swt) said:
"是什么把你们投入了萨格尔？"他们说：我们过去不是礼拜的人。（《至仁主的教典》？） Note: the Qur'an verse here is "{是什么把你们投入了萨格尔？他们说：我们过去不是礼拜的人。}"
"What put you into Saqar?". They said: We were not of those who used to pray (Al-Mudaththir 42-43).
这是在询问不信道者关于他们未履行的分支功修（如礼拜）及其因此所受惩罚的语境中提到的，如同本章中紧接其后的安拉的这段话所示：
This was mentioned in the context of asking the disbelievers about their branch actions like the Salaah and their punishment for what they didn’t perform, as shown in the following Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa connected to that in the same Soorah:
我们过去否认报应日。（《穆达西尔》46）
And we used to deny the Day of recompense (Al-Mudaththir 46).
因此,这些经文表明,他们与在信仰(‘Aqaa’id)方面负有责任一样,也负有履行枝节律例(Ahkaam Al-Furoo’iyah)的责任。假如他们对枝节(Furoo’)不负责任、不须承担后果,真主就不会以严厉的惩罚来威胁那些放弃和不履行这些枝节的人。
These Aayaat therefore indicate that they are Mukallafeen (charged) with the Ahkaam Al-Furoo’iyah (branch rulings) just as they are Mukallafoon in respect to the ‘Aqaa’id (beliefs). Had they not been charged and accountable for the Furoo’ (branches) Allah would not have threatened them with a severe threat of punishment for leaving and not performing them.
因此,全体人类(An-Naas)都被伊斯兰教法(Sharee'ah)整体地所约束,包括其根本(Usool)与枝节(Furoo'),即信仰(Aqaa'id)与律例(Ahkaam)。而真主(SWT)将因他们没有信仰,以及没有履行义务的功课而惩罚他们。
Consequently, the people (An-Naas) in their entirety are addressed with the Islamic Sharee’ah as a whole including its Usool and Furoo’ i.e. Aqaa’id and Ahkaam. And Allah (swt) will punish them for not having Imaan and for not undertaking the obligatory actions.