探讨伊斯兰教法学中的禁止式（Seeghat An-Nahi）概念。理解此形式如何指向要求离开或不做某事的请求（Talab At-Tark），以及学者们对其与伊斯兰法律裁定（Hukm Ash-Shar’iy）关系中含义的不同观点。探究与此形式相关的各种 Dalaalah（指示意义）角度，包括它是否指向 Al-Haraam（禁止）或 Al-Makrooh（厌恶），以及它是否表示重复、单次实施或持续实施。对 Hukm Shari（伊斯兰教法规定）的这一分析，有助于了解伊斯兰法律中不同类型的裁定，例如 Fard（必须）、Haram（禁止）、Mandub（推荐）、Makruh（厌恶）和 Mubah（允许）。本文适合有兴趣理解伊斯兰教法学细微之处以及依据法律地位对行为进行分类的读者。

"Explore the concept of the forbiddance form (Seeghat An-Nahi) in Islamic jurisprudence. Understand how this form guides to the request to leave or not do an action (Talab At-Tark) and the differing opinions among scholars regarding its meaning in relation to the Hukm Ash-Shar’iy (Islamic legal ruling). Discover the various angles of Dalaalah (indicative meaning) associated with this form, including whether it guides to Al-Haraam (prohibition) or Al-Makrooh (disliked), and whether it indicates repetition, singular undertaking, or continual undertaking. This analysis of Hukm Shari (Shari’ Rules) provides insights into the different types of rulings in Islamic law, such as Fard (compulsory), Haram (prohibited), Mandub (recommended), Makruh (disliked), and Mubah (permissible). Ideal for readers interested in understanding the nuances of Islamic jurisprudence and the classification of actions based on their legal status

1 – 其中一些学者认为，这表示“Al-Karaahah”（厌恶），除非有“Qareenah”（指示性证据）表明其他含义，否则不表示其他含义。

1 – Some of them said that it indicates Al-Karaahah (dislike) and does not indicate other than that unless there is a Qareenah (connotation) to indicate it.

2 ——有人认为,祈使式中的否定形式(Seeghat An-Nahi)表示禁止(At-Tahreem),除非是出于比喻义(Majaaz),否则不用于禁止以外的含义。

2 – Some of them said that the Seeghat An-Nahi indicates At-Tahreem (prohibition) and it is not used for other than the Tahreem unless it is in a metaphorical manner (Majaaz).

3 – 另有一些学者认为,"النهي"(禁止)的形式本身只表示要求放弃某个行为的"طلب"(请求),而是由"قرينة"(语境证据)把"النهي"转向"الإرشاد"(指导、引导)或其他含义之一。

3 – Some others said that the Seeghat An-Nahi does not indicate anything other than a Talab (request) to leave or not do an action whilst it is the Qareenah that diverts (or designates) the Nahi to Al-Irshaad (guidance/direction) or any one of its other meanings.

这些观点中，最后一种最接近正确，因为禁止式（Seeghat An-Nahi）在语言上表示要求人不做某事、不去从事某行为，而是由“Qareenah”（关联或语境标示）来确定和指明这一“Talab”（请求）的种类：是“Tahreem”（禁止）、还是“Al-Karaahah”（厌恶）、“Al-Irshaad”（指导、引导），或是其他含义。

The last of these opinions is the closest to what is correct because the Seeghat An-Nahi (forbiddance form) represents the command provided in the language to indicate the leaving or not doing of the action, whilst it is the Qareenah (connotation or linking indication) that designates and specifies the kind of Talab (request) in terms of whether it is for Tahreem (prohibition) or Al-Karaahah (dislike) or Al-Irshaad (guidance/direction) or other than that.

在表示禁止（Tahreem）的Seeghat An-Nahi（禁止式）中，若有某些Qaraa'in（迹象或关联指示）说明Talab At-Tark（要求放弃）是Talab Jaazim（确定性的要求），那么其中包括以下几种：

From amongst the Qaraa’in (connotations or linking indications) that indicate At-Tahreem (prohibition) with the Seeghat An-Nahi and which indicate that the Talab At-Tark (request to leave) is a Talab Jaazim (decisive request) are the following:

1 – 表明某种惩罚（无论是在今世还是后世）是由于做了某事而随之而来的经文或圣训。例如安拉的话（SWT）：

1 – The text that indicates that a punishment in the Dunyaa (life of this world) or in the Aakhirah (hereafter) is a consequence of the undertaking of the action. This is like His Qawl (swt):

因此，该惩罚构成了对盗窃（As-Saraqah）之禁止（At-Tahreem）的一个Qareenah（旁证）。

The punishment therefore represents a Qareenah for the Tahreem (prohibition) of As-Saraqah (theft).

2 – 经文中明确表示安拉厌恶该行为的内容，例如祂的经文（swt）：

2 – The text that makes clear that Allah Ta’Aalaa detests that action like in His Qawl (swt):

在祂的话语（Qawl Ta'Aalaa）中：

And in His Qawl Ta’Aalaa:

第一节经文中包含一个卡里南（qareenah，关联线索），表明禁止娶父亲们曾经娶过的女性（tahreem，禁止）；而第二节经文中则包含一个关联线索，表明说谎和做出欺诈（伪善）的言论是被禁止的。

The first Aayah contains a Qareenah for the Tahreem (prohibition) of marrying those whom your fathers have previously married whilst the second Aayah contains a Qareenah indicating to the Tahreem of lying and making deceitful (hypocritical) claims.

3 – 证据表明所禁止的行为属于恶魔（Shaytaan）的所作所为。例如安拉至尊至大的话语：

3 – That the evidence has stated that the action being forbidden is from the works of Shaytaan. That is like His Qawl ‘Azza Wa Jalla:

这因此体现了指向禁止饮酒（Khamr）、赌博、祭拜祭坛以及占卜箭矢的“Qareenah”（关联性指示）。

This therefore represents the Qareenah (linking indication) guiding to the Tahreem (prohibition) of Khamr, gambling, sacrificing upon alters and divining arrows.

4 – 指引这一行为的经文，表明真主诅咒了实施该行为的人。据传：

4 – The text which guides to Allah having cursed the one who undertakes the action. It has been related that:

以及先知的圣训（Qawl）：

And like the Qawl of the Messenger (saw):

（注：Al-Waasilah 指以接发为职业的人，Mustawsilah 指让人为自己接发的人。）第一段圣训指示男子模仿女子、女子模仿男子是禁止的（Tahreem）；第二段圣训指示以接发延长头发的做法是禁止的，这在贾希利亚（伊斯兰之前的阿拉伯社会）中曾广泛流行。 关于 Seeghat An-Nahi（禁止式）表示厌恶（Karaahah），即为 Makrooh（makrooh），并表示 Talab Tark ul-Fi’l（要求不做某事）为 Ghair Jaazim（非决定性的），其证据包括以下内容：第一，如果 Nahi 没有与表示禁止（Tahreem）的 Qareenah（迹象）相连，例如上文提到的那些迹象。例如先知ﷺ对那些吃了韭葱、身上有异味的人所说的话：“我不是已经禁止你们吃这种植物了吗？天使所受的困扰，与人所受的困扰相同（即指其气味）。”（伊本·马哲在其《圣训集》中辑录）。这表明进入清真寺之前吃韭葱以及与之类似的食物，如洋葱和大蒜，是 Karaahah（厌恶）的。

(Note: Al-Waasilah is the one who makes hair extensions by profession and the Mustawsilah is the one who has it done). The first Hadeeth guides to the Tahreem of men seeking to resemble women and women seeking to resemble men, whilst the second Hadeeth guides to the Tahreem of attaching hair to extend its length which used to be a widespread practise in Jaahilliyah (Arab society prior to Islaam). That which indicates that the Seeghat An-Nahi is indicative of Karaahah (dislike) (i.e. that it is Makrooh) and indicates that the Talab Tark ul-Fi’l (request to leave or not do the action) is Ghair Jaazim (indecisive) includes the following: 1 – If the Nahi is not connected to a Qareenah indicating to the Tahreem (prohibition) like the Qaraa’in that we mentioned above. An example of this is like the statement of the Messenger (saw) to those who ate leeks and a smell was detected from them: “Have I not already forbidden you (Nahi) from eating this plant. The Angels suffer from that which the human suffers from (i.e. its smell)” (Related by Ibn Maajah in his Sunan). This guides to the Karaahah (dislike) of eating leaks and what is similar to them like onions and garlic when going to the Masjid.

2 ——对“طلب الترك”（要求不做、要求放弃某事）与使者的“تقرير”（默许、认可）或“سكوت”（沉默不表态）结合，用于某一行为。例如使者ﷺ的话：

2 – For the Talab At-Tark (request to leave or not to do) to be combined with the Taqreer (approval) or the Sukoot (silence) of the Messenger (saw) in respect to an action. That is like the statement of the Messenger of Allah (saw):

使者(saw)禁止那些有能力且富裕的人不结婚。然而,由于他(saw)对一些他所知的、富有却未结婚的穆斯林保持沉默,这一禁止并非决定性的(Jaazim)。因此,富有的人不结婚是Makrooh(被厌恶的)。 Wait—per the rules, I must write ﷺ after every mention of the Prophet, and not use "(saw)". Corrected translation: 使者ﷺ禁止那些有能力且富裕的人不结婚。然而,由于他ﷺ对一些他所知的、富有却未结婚的穆斯林保持沉默,这一禁止并非决定性的(Jaazim)。因此,富有的人不结婚是Makrooh(被厌恶的)。

The Messenger (saw) has forbidden not getting married for the one who is wealthy and has the means. However, this Nahi (forbiddance) is not Jaazim due to the indication of his silence in respect to some of the wealthy Muslims whom he (saw) knew had not got married. Consequently, the wealthy person not getting married is Makrooh (disliked).