穆格利德的类型(追随者)
The Types Of Muqallideen (followers)
1 - 追随型的模仿者(Al-Muqallid Al-Muttabi’u):
1 - Al-Muqallid Al-Muttabi’u (The follower based on pursuance):
他是穆格利德(muqallid,即追随者或仿效者),他掌握了一些与立法(tashree')相关的知识,但无法凭借这些知识进行伊derived ijtihad(ijtihaad,独立推理)。因此,当他接受某一教法裁决(hukm)及其证据(daleel)时,他便是在向他人taqleed(taqleed,效仿)。例如,他知道小净(wudoo')的必要条件(furood),并且知道这些必要条件取自安拉(SWT)的话语:
He is the Muqallid (follower/imitator) who possesses some of the knowledge considered in relation to the Tashree’ (legislation) however he is unable to undertake Ijtihaad with that knowledge. He therefore makes Taqleed to someone else in the case where he takes the Hukm along with the Daleel (evidence) for the Hukm. So for instance he would know the Furood (obligations) of the Wudoo’ and he would know that these obligations have been taken from the Qawl of Allah (swt):
"哦,信道的人们啊!当你们起来礼拜时,你们应当洗脸,洗手至两肘,"
O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows (Al-Maa’idah 6).
2 – 普通信徒(Al-Muqallid Al-‘Aammiy)
2 – Al-Muqallid Al-‘Aammiy (the general follower):
他是不识字的(盲目的)模仿者(Muqallid),不具备与立法相关的某些被认可的学科或知识领域(‘Uloom)。因此,他询问他想要从事的行为或事务的律例(Hukm),然后有人告诉他:这是禁止的(Haraam)、必须的(Waajib)、值得提倡的(Mandoob)、憎恶的(Makrooh)或允许的(Mubaah)。他便遵从这一结论,却不知道该律例所推导和取自的证据(Daleel),而这是伊斯兰教法(Shar’a)所允许的。
He is the Ummiy (blind) Muqallid who does not possess some of the considered sciences or areas of knowledge (‘Uloom) related to the legislation. Consequently, he enquires about the Hukm of the action or the matter that he wants to undertake and then it is said to him: It is Haraam, Waajib, Mandoob, Makrooh or Mubaah. He then follows that without knowing the Daleel from which the Hukm was deduced and taken and this is permitted by the Shar’a.