《古兰经》的证据与效力
Hujjiyat ul Qur’aan (Its proof and validity)
《古兰经》是一部在语言和风格上属于阿拉伯语的经典,穆罕默德ﷺ所带来的正是此书。因此,它要么来自阿拉伯人,要么来自穆罕默德ﷺ,要么来自安拉—至高无上。由于它在语言和风格上是阿拉伯式的,除这三者之外,它不可能来自其他任何来源。
The Qur’aan is a book which is Arabic in terms of language and style, which Muhammad (saw) came with. It can therefore either have come from the Arabs, or from Muhammad or it could have come from Allah Ta’Aalaa. It is not possible for it to have come from any other than these three due to it being Arabic in language and style.
至于说它源自阿拉伯人,这种说法是错误且站不住脚的,因为《古兰经》曾向他们提出挑战,要求他们拿出与它相似的作品,哪怕只是一章与之相似的经文。真主至高者说:
As for it having come from the Arabs then this is false and invalid because the Qur’aan challenged them to come with and reproduce the like of it, indeed just one Soorah like it. Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
还是他们说:"他编造了它"?你说:"那么,你们就拿一章与它相似的经文来,并且可以邀请你们所能邀请的,除安拉外的人帮助你们,如果你们是诚实的。"(尤努斯 38)
Or do they say [about the Prophet]: "He invented it?" Say: "Then bring forth a Soorah like it and call upon [for assistance] whomever you can besides Allah, if you should be truthful" (Yousuf 38).
因此,它并非出自阿拉伯人之手,因为他们没有能力,也不具备创作出与之相似之作,或与其中一章(Soorah)相似之章的能力。他们的无能已被证实和确认,直到今天他们依然无法写出与之相似的作品。
It is therefore not from the Arabs because they were incapable and did not have the ability to reproduce the like of it or a Soorah like it. Their inability was established and verified and they still remain incapable of bringing the like of it.
至于说它原本出自穆罕默德(saw),这种说法同样是虚假且不成立的,因为穆罕默德ﷺ是阿拉伯人,无论他的才智或雄辩达到何种程度,他仍是其社会中的一员。只要阿拉伯人不能创作出与之相类的作品,而穆罕默德ﷺ又是他们中的一员,那么适用于他们的,也就适用于他。此外,穆罕默德ﷺ的圣训(言论)通过泰瓦特尔(确定无疑的传述)传到了我们这里,例如圣训:“谁故意诬捏关于我的话,就让他坐进火里吧。”(布哈里和穆斯林辑录)。无论是这段圣训还是任何一段圣训,若与《古兰经》的一节经文相比较,都无法在文体上找到相似之处。
As for it having originally come from Muhammad (saw) then this is also false and invalid because Muhammad (saw) was an Arab and whatever the level of his genius or eloquence, he was still one from amongst his society. As long as the Arabs were not able to bring the like of it and as long as Muhammad (saw) is one of them, then what applies to them also applies to him. In addition to that Muhammad (saw) has Ahaadeeth (speech) that has reached us by way of Tawaatur (definite transmission) like the Hadeeth: “Whosoever lies about me deliberately then let him take his seat in the fire” (Al-Bukhaari and Muslim). If this Hadeeth or any Hadeeth is compared to an Aayah of the Qur’aan no resemblance in style can be found between them.
阿拉伯人自己并没有声称《古兰经》是穆罕默德(愿主福安之)的言语,而是他们的一种说法是:有一个名叫查巴尔的基督教少年会把它带给他。随后,安拉至高无上以祂的话语反驳了他们: Note: the honorific "(saw)" was written as Chinese "愿主福安之" rather than ﷺ, since the rules say ﷺ must not replace written-out honorifics; but per the rules, ﷺ should be written after the Prophet's name. Corrected version: 阿拉伯人自己并没有声称《古兰经》是穆罕默德ﷺ的言语,而是他们的一种说法是:有一个名叫查巴尔的基督教少年会把它带给他。随后,安拉至高无上以祂的话语反驳了他们:
The Arabs themselves did not make the claim that the Qur’aan was the speech of Muhammad (saw) but rather one of their claims was that a Christian youth called Jabar would bring it to him. Allah Ta’Aalaa then refuted them by His Qawl:
我们确实知道他们说:"教导这位先知的,不过是一个凡人。"他们所指的那个人,其语言是外族语言;而这部古兰经,是用清晰的阿拉伯语写成的(《蜜蜂章》103)。
And We certainly know that they say, "It is only a human being who teaches the Prophet." The tongue of the one they refer to is foreign, and this Qur'an is [in] a clear Arabic language (An-Nahl 103).
因此,《古兰经》并非源自穆罕默德ﷺ。
The Qur’aan is therefore not originally from Muhammad (saw).
因此,《古兰经》无疑是安拉至高者的言语(Kalaam)。它是穆罕默德(SWT)的奇迹,用以指明并引导人们认识到:他是安拉至高者所派遣的先知(Nabi)和使者(Rasool)。
The Qur’aan must therefore definitely be the Kalaam (speech) of Allah Ta’Aalaa. It is a miracle for Muhammad (saw) to indicate and guide to the fact that he is a Nabi and Rasool sent by Allah Ta’Aalaa.
这一部分阐述的是关于《古兰经》源自安拉的理性与智识上的证据。通过“陶图荠”(确凿的传述)已经确立并证实:这正是安拉至高无上所降示给穆罕默德ﷺ的那部《古兰经》。
This represents the rational and intellectual (‘Aqliy) proof and evidence in respect to the Qur’aan being from Allah and it has been established and affirmed by Tawaatur (definite transmission) that it is the same Qur’aan that Allah Ta’Aalaa revealed upon Muhammad (saw).
安拉在这部古兰经中,以多处经文向人类发出号召,要求他们遵循其中所降示的启示。安拉说:
Allah Ta’Aalaa has addressed mankind in this Qur’aan in a number of Aayaat demanding that they follow that which was revealed in it. Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
而这确是我的正路,你们当遵循它,不要遵循其他的路,否则它们会使你们偏离他的道路(《古兰经》6:153)。
And verily, this is my Straight Path, so follow it, and do not follow (other) paths, for they will separate you away from His Path (Al-An’aam 153).
他至高的主要求他们依照他在其中所降示的内容来统治和裁决。
And He Ta’Aalaa demanded that they rule and judge by what He had revealed in it:
{于是你要依真主所降示的来判决他们之间的事,不要顺从他们的私欲,也要提防他们,以免他们诱使你偏离真主降示给你的某些启示。}(《筵席章》49节)
And so judge between them by what Allah has revealed and do not follow their desires and beware of them lest they seduce away from some of that which Allah has sent down to you (Al-Maa’idah 49).
他说:至高无上的真主说:
And He Ta’Aalaa said:
{whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed then they are the disbelievers} Wait, the rules say to keep Qur'an verses between { and }, so I should translate the verse text itself. Here is the translation: {凡不依照安拉所降示的(经典)作出判决的人,他们就是不信道者。}(筵席章 44节)
And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed then they are the disbelievers (Al-Maa’idah 44).
因此,《古兰经》是对人类的证据和论据(Hujjah),其律例(Ahkaam)是必须遵循的。
The Qur’aan is therefore a Hujjah (proof and argument) over mankind and its Ahkaam are obligatory to be followed.