两者的区别:伊智提哈德与taqlid(盲从/追随)
The Difference Between Al-ijtihaad And At-taqleed
1 – 伊jtihād(伊智提哈德)是指依据其详细的证据,通过(具备资格的)努力推导出实践性的沙里阿律例;而泰格利德(Taqlīd,盲从)则是在实践性的沙里阿律例方面遵循他人的见解。
1 – Al-Ijtihaad is the exertion of (capable) effort to deduce the practical Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah from its detailed evidences, whilst At-Taqleed is following the opinion of someone else in relation to the practical Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah.
2 – 本来的原则是伊杰提哈德(Ijtihaad,独立思考推理),真主已为从事伊杰提哈德者设定了报酬:推理正确者得两份报酬,推理有误者得一份报酬。而泰格里德(At-Taqleed,盲目效仿)既不被沙里尔(Shar'a,伊斯兰教法)所赞许,真主也未曾命令它,也未为它设定任何报酬。
2 – Al-Ijtihaad is the Asl (original position) and Allah has placed reward upon its undertaking; two rewards for the one who is correct in his Ijtihaad and one reward for the one who is incorrect. That is whilst At-Taqleed is not commended by the Shar’a, it has not been commanded by Allah and reward has not been placed upon it.
3 – 伊智提哈德(Al-Ijtihaad)是穆斯林的集体义务(Fard Kifaayah),任何时代都不允许没有至少一位穆智台希德(Mujtahid)存在。而泰格利德(At-Taqleed)并未被命令,更适宜的是它的出现越少越好,在穆斯林中越少发生越好。
3 – Al-Ijtihaad is a Fard Kifaayah upon the Muslims and it is not permitted for an era to not have at least one Mujtahid within it. That is whilst At-Taqleed has not been commanded and it is more appropriate for its occurrence to be less or for it to happen little amongst the Muslims.
4 – 伊斯兰教义(’Aqaa’id,信条)中不存在伊贾提哈德(Ijtihaad,独立思考推理),因为其证据具有确定性的明确含义(Qat’iy Ad-Dalaalah),而在其方面进行泰格利德(Taqleed,盲从)是非法的(Haraam)。然而,在关于沙尔里学律例(Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah)方面,则允许进行伊贾提哈德和泰格利德。
4 – Ijtihaad does not take place in the Aqaa’id (beliefs) because its evidences are Qat’iy Ad-Dalaalah (in indication and meaning) and it is Haraam to make Taqleed in respect to them. It is however permitted to perform Ijtihaad and Taqleed in respect to the Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah.