"امر"是指立法者的训令(Khitaab Ash-Shaari'),表示要求去履行某项行为,无论这种要求是决定性的(Talab Jaazim)还是非决定性的(Talab Ghair Jaaizim),因此它既涵盖了法定义务(Fard),也涵盖了推荐的行为(Mandoob)。
The Amr is the Khitaab Ash-Shaari’ (Address of the Legislator) indicating the request to undertake the action whether this is a Talab Jaazim (decisive request) or Talab Ghair Jaaizim (indecisive request) and so it covers both the Fard (obligation) and the Mandoob (recommended).
命令去做某事,并不意味着禁止做其反面。
The Amr (command) To Do A Matter Does Not Represent A Nahi (forbiddance) To Do Its Opposite
命令的指示(Dalaalah)是从语言为命令所设定和提供的形式中获得的,也就是从其措辞的指示(Dalaalat ul-Alfaazh)中获得的,即从其明示之义(Mantooq)中获得的,这被称为Dalaalat ul-‘Ibaarah。
The indication (Dalaalah) of the command is taken from its form that the language has set and provided for the command i.e. it is taken from the indication of its wordings (Dalaalat ul-Alfaazh) which means from its Mantooq (expressed meaning) which is known as the Dalaalat ul-‘Ibaarah.
就安拉的话(Qawl)而言,例如安拉至高的话:
So for example in respect to the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
并且要谨守拜功({你们要谨守拜功,完纳天课,并与鞠躬者一同鞠躬。})。
And establish the Salaah (Al-Baqarah 43).
这里是一条要求履行礼拜(Salaah)的命令,但这一命令并不表示禁止与礼拜相反之事,例如娱乐或分散注意力的行为。因此,“你们当建立礼拜”这一命令,从语言上并不意味着“不要从事Lahw(娱乐、分心之类的行为)”。
This represents a command requesting the performance of the Salaah, whilst this command does not indicate to the Nahi (forbiddance) of that which is opposite to the Salaah, like amusement or acts of distraction for example. So the command ‘Establish the Salaah’ does not mean linguistically: ‘Do not undertake Lahw (amusement acts of distraction)’.
而“你们应当树立拜功”这一表示“瓦吉布”(义务)的经文,并不指示或表明不树立拜功、不履行它就是“哈拉姆”(禁止)。原因在于,经文已经指明了“瓦吉布”,并以确定的要求命令人去实施该行为。而表示“哈拉姆”的经文,则是以确定的要求命令人不去实施某一行为。“你们应当树立拜功”这一形式本身,并不表示要求人不去做或放弃任何行为。因为放弃或不履行“法尔德”(天命功修)并不等于它是“哈拉姆”,即便不去履行它会因此产生罪责并随之累积。
And ‘Establish the Salaah’ that is indicative of the Waajib (obligation) does not guide to or indicate that not establishing or performing it is Haraam. That is because the Nass has guided to the Waajib and has requested the undertaking of the action with a decisive request. That is whilst the text that is indicative of the Haraam means the request to not undertake an action in the form of a decisive request. ‘Establish the Salaah’ does not indicate in its form the request to not do or leave any action. That is because leaving or not performing the Fard does not mean it is Haraam even if not undertaking it has sin attached and built upon it as a consequence.