Shuroot Al-mahkoom Feehi,或称行为上的 Takleef 有效条件
Shuroot Al-mahkoom Feehi Or The Shuroot Of The Validity Of The Takleef In Respect To The Action
从使行为上的"taklīf"(责任)成立的条件来说,包括:
From among the conditions of the validity of the Takleef in respect to the action are:
1 – 对于一项行为,若负有责任的人(Mukallaf)并不知晓所被要求的责任(Takleef),这种责任便不成立。因此,我们发现《古兰经》中所提出的各项责任大多是笼统的(Mujmalah),例如拜功(Salaah)和天课(Zakaah)。后来,先知穆罕默德ﷺ通过他的言语(Aqwaal)和行为(Af'aal)对这些内容加以阐明和解释,从而消除了人们在这些事务上的无知,使其为人所知。事实上,安拉命令他的使者穆罕默德ﷺ阐明和解释《古兰经》中的笼统内容。安拉至高无上说:
1 – That the action is Ma’roof (known) to the Mukallaf as the Takleef (being charged) with the Majhool (unknown) is not valid. For that reason, we find that the Takleefaat that came in the Qur’aan are Mujmalah (undetailed), like the Salaah and the Zakaah for example, which were then explained and made clear by the Messenger of Allah (saw) in his statements (Aqwaal) and actions (Af’aal) which took away the angle of ignorance in respect to them (i.e. so that they are known). Indeed, Allah (swt) commanded His Messenger (saw) to make clear and explain the Mujmal of the Qur’aan. Allah Ta’Aalaa said: