关于义务(Waajib)按其数量或份量是否可被衡量或不可衡量而划分的类别
The Aqsaam (categories) Of The Waajib In Respect To The Consideration Of Their Evaluation Or Non-evaluation In Respect To Amount Or Quantity
1 – 有定量的义务(Waajib Muhaddad Al-Miqdaar,即数量或份额已有明确规定的义务)
1 – Waajib Muhaddad Al-Miqdaar (the obligation where its quantity or amount is defined):
这指的是立法者(Shaari')规定了与履行义务(Waajib)相关的某个确定的数量或份额,例如天课(Zakaat)的数额以及义务拜功中的拜数(Raka'aat)。只有按照立法者所规定和指定的形式,并按照为其规定的数量,去履行和完成这一义务,负有责任的穆卡莱夫(Mukallaf)才能解除他在此项义务上的责任。
This refers to the Shaari’ having specified a defined amount or quantity related to the undertaking of the Waajib like the Zakaat and the number of Raka’aat in the obligatory prayers. The responsibility of the Mukallaf is not freed in respect to this Waajib except by undertaking and performing it upon the form that the Shaari’ has defined and specified and by the quantity or amount that has been specified for it.
2 – 不限定数量的义务(Waajib Ghair Muhaddad Al-Miqdaar)
2 – Waajib Ghair Muhaddad Al-Miqdaar (the obligation the amount or quantity of which is not specified):
这指的是立法者(Shaari')没有明确规定其数额的那些事项。例如为主道而施舍,或丈夫对妻子和子女有义务履行的抚养费(Nafaqah)。这是因为立法者将其数额的确定交给施予者的能力,并参照民众中的习惯做法来决定。
This refers to what the Shaari’ (Legislator) has not defined and specified its amount. This is like spending in the way of Allah or the obligatory Nafaqah (spending) upon the wife and the children. That is because the Shaari’ left the specification of its amount to what the spender is capable of and in accordance to what is customary amongst the people.