“Al-Kalaam”(言语)是从喉咙最深处发出，经由口腔直到嘴唇末端而产生的声音所构成的字母。字母（Huroof）共有28个，阿拉伯人用这些字母组成具有意义的言语（Kalaam）。它可以由一个字母构成，如介词Harf Al-Jarr“Al-Baa’u”；可以由两个字母构成，如“Min”（从）；由三个字母构成，如“Kam”（多少）和“Rajul”（男人）；由四个字母构成，如“Ilm”（知识）、“Samaa’un”（天空）和“Dahraja”；也可以由五个字母构成，如“Julmood”和“Isbakara”。他们没有设定或使用超过5个字母的原始词根，词语的增加只能通过在原有字母之上添加一个、两个或三个字母来实现（以增添额外的含义）。他们将这些附加字母限定为十个，它们全都包含在“（Sa’altumoonihaa）”一词之中（意为：你们（复数）问了我它）。例如，“ا سْتِصْحا ب”（ istiṣḥāb，持续、援引）这个词源自“صحب”（ṣ-ḥ-b）的词根，其余字母都是附加的，而不属于它的词根或本源。至于“افُتِتَاح”（iftitāḥ，开始），它来源于“فُتَحَ”（fataḥa），其余字母同样是附加的。

Al-Kalaam (speech) is letters that have sounds coming out from the furthest part of the throat to the end of the mouth and the lips. There are 28 letters (Huroof) and from these letters the Arabs constructed or composed speech (Kalaam) that contains meaning. It can consist of a letter (harf) like the Harf Al-Jarr ‘Al-Baa’u’ from two letters like ‘Min’ (and ‘Kam’ from three letters like ‘Rajul‘and ‘Ilm’ from four Huroof (letters) like ‘ Samaa’un’ and ‘Dahraja’ and from five letters like ‘Julmood‘ and ‘Isbakara' They did not set or provide an original word that was above 5 letters and words would only increase through adding a letter or two or three upon the original letters of the words (to provide extra meanings). They made these additional letters restricted to ten which are all found within the word ’ (Sa’altumoonihaa) (meaning: You (pl.) asked me it). So for example the word 'ا سْتِصْحا ب ‘ is from the origin of ‘صحب ‘whilst the rest of the letters are an addition to that and not from its root or origin. In respect to the word: ‘افُتِتَاح ‘it is taken from the word ‘ فُتَحَ' whilst the rest of the letters are additional.

1 – 单一词（Al-Mufrad）：它由一个词语（كَلِمَة，Kalimah）构成，仅由一个词组成。

1 – Al-Mufrad: It is made up of and consists of one Kalimah (word).

这被分为：介词（Harf）、动词（F'il）和名词（Ism）。

This is divided into: The Harf (preposition), the F’il (verb) and the Ism (noun).

2 – 复合词（Murakkab）：指由两个或两个以上的词组成或构成的词。

2 – The Murakkab: It is what is made up of or consists of two words or more.

这可以分为若干种类型：

This is divided into a number of types:

A – 伊斯纳迪复合结构（Al-Murakkab Al-Isnaadiy，归属性复合）：指将某事物或某个东西归属于另一事物或另一东西，例如将“Tool”（长度）归属于“Al-Qalam”（笔），当你说：Qalam Taweel（一支长笔）。

A – Al-Murakkab Al-Isnaadiy (Attributing composition): This refers to attributing a matter or thing to another matter or thing like attributing ‘Tool’ (length) to ‘Al-Qalam’ (pen) when you say: Qalam Taweel (A long pen).

复合的隐含叙述（Murakkab Al-Isnaadiy）分为两种：信息语（Khabar）和祈使语（Inshaa’）。

The Murakkab Al-Isnaadiy is of two types: Khabar and Inshaa’.

“Khabar”是对某一事物或事件所作的判断（Hukm），该判断具有若干含义中的某一特定意义。这类似于动词句（Jumlah Al-Fi’liyah）中的情形，比如你说：“Jaa’a Sa’eed”（赛义德来了）。在这个例子中，“来”这一动作被归于赛义德，并且在“Jaa’a Sa’eed”这个句子中，就对此作出了陈述（即提供了Khabar，即信息）。

The ‘Khabar’ is the Hukm (judgement) upon a thing or matter with a (particular) meaning from amongst the meanings. This is like what happens in the ‘Jumlah Al-Fi’liyah’ (Verbal sentence) like if you said: ‘Jaa’a Sa’eed’ (Sa’eed came). In this example the coming has been attributed to Sa’eed and it was informed about (i.e. Khabar (news) was provided) within the sentence ‘Jaa’a Sa’eed’.

这与名词句（Jumlah Al-Ismiyah，以名词开头的句子）的情况也相似，例如这句话：“Sa’eed Mujtahid”（Sa’eed 勤奋）。在“Sa’eed Mijtahid”这句话中，勤奋（Ijtihaad）被归于 Sa’eed。

It is also like what occurs in respect to the Jumlah Al-Ismiyah (Sentence beginning with a noun) like in the statement: ‘Sa’eed Mujtahid’ (Sa’eed is hardworking). Here the Ijtihaad (hard work/diligence) is attributed to Sa’eed in the sentence: ‘Sa’eed Mijtahid’.

至于“إنشاء”（Inshaa'，祈使句/构成句），是说话者要求某件尚未存在的事情发生的句子。例如命令式（Amr），如“اتّقِ الله”（Ittaqi-llah，你当敬畏真主）；或希望式（Tarajiy），如“لعلّ الله يأتي بالفرج”（La'alla-llaha ya'tiy bil-faraj，但愿真主带来解脱/出路，即从考验、艰难等中解脱）。它也包括疑问（Su'aal）和呼唤（Nidaa'，呼语），例如“ماذا تفعل يا محمد؟!”（Maadhaa taf'alu yaa Muhammad?!，你在做什么，穆罕默德啊？！）ﷺ

As for the Inshaa’, it is the sentence in which the one speaking demands the arising of a matter that is not present (yet). This is like the command (Amr) in the statement: ‘Itaqqi-llah’ (fear Allah) or like the Tarajiy (hope) in the statement: ‘La’alla-llaha ya’tiy Bil-Faraj’ (Hopefully Allah will come with an escape/release/way out i.e. from a trial, hardship etc…). It is also like the question (Su’aal) and the Nidaa’ (calling address) like in the statement: ‘Maadhaa Taf’alu Yaa Muhammad?!’ (What are you doing O Muhammad?!’.