必须之事(Al-waajib)
Al-waajib
"الواجب" و"الفرض" لهما معنى واحد، إذ هما لفظان مترادفان (لفظان مترادفان).
Al-Waajib and Al-Fard hold one meaning as they are synonyms (Lafzhaan Mutaraadifaan).
至于一些穆哲台希德(伊斯兰教法学家)的观点,包括哈乃斐学派的观点,认为"法尔德"是由确凿的证据(Daleel Qat'iy)确立的,而"瓦吉布"是由或然的证据(Daleel Zhanniy)确立的,那么在语言和沙里阿中,并没有任何迹象或指引表明应当对两者作出这样的区分。
As for what some of the Mujtahideen have said including the Ahnaaf in respect to the Fard being that which has been established by a Daleel Qat’iy (definite evidence) and the Waajib being established by a Daleel Zhanniy (indefinite evidence), then there is nothing within the language or the Shar’a that indicates and guides to making such a differentiation between them.
事情的实质是:这是立法者(Shaari')以确定的要求所提出的要求,无论这一"Talab"(要求)是由确定性证据(Daleel Qat'iy)还是由或然性证据(Daleel Zhanniy)所确立,两者并无区别。
The reality of this matter is that it is that which the Shaari’ has requested by a decisive request and there is no difference in respect to whether the Talab (request) was established by a Daleel Qat’iy or a Daleel Zhanniy.
关于瓦吉布(Waajib)或法尔德(Fard)的定义,多数学者的说法是:它是立法者以决定性的要求(Talab Jaazim)所要求去做的事情;做它的人会得到奖赏和赞扬,而放弃它的人会受到惩罚并被视为应受谴责。法尔德的例子包括:圣战(Al-Jihaad)、斋月的斋戒(Sawm of Ramadhaan),以及依照真主所启示的律法进行裁决。能够证明圣战为义务(Wujoob)的经文中,有真主至高的启示: