类比（القياس）的基本要素（ارکان）
The Arkaan (pillars) of Al-Qiyaas
原则（Al-Asl）、分支（Al-Far'u）、原则的裁定（Hukm ul-Asl）和理由（Al-'Illah）
Al-Asl (origin), Al-Far’u (branch), Hukm ul-Asl (original Hukm) and Al-‘Illah (reason)
"القياس"的各个"أركان"（支柱）取自以下对"القياس"含义的理解： Note: the original text uses the transliterated Arabic terms "Arkaan" and "Qiyaas" with no Arabic script in the source, so I have rendered them as they appear in the source's own terminology.
The Arkaan (pillars) of Qiyaas are taken from the following meaning of Qiyaas:
“在某一法律规定（Hukm Shar'iy）上，将一个分支（Far'un）与其根源（Asl）因二者之间共同的效力依据（'Illah）而相互连接（或并列）”。
‘The attachment (or joining) of a branch (Far’un) with and origin (Asl) in respect to a Hukm Shar’iy due to the unifying ‘Illah between them’.
因此,类比(Qiyaas)需要具备若干Arkaan(要件),缺少其中任何一项,类比便不能成立。这些要件是:
As such Qiyaas requires Arkaan (pillars) without which it will not be fulfilled and these are:
被用来类比的"Far'"（分支）。
The Far’u (branch) that is intended to be analogised to.
类比所依据的原点，即“asl”（本源）。
The Asl (origin) that the analogy is intended to be made upon.
具体的沙里尔判断（Hukm Ash-Shar'iy）是指适用于分支（Far'）的、源于本源（Asl）的那一条判断。
The specific Hukm Ash-Shar’iy of the origin that is intended to be applied upon the branch.
连接本原与分支的“illah”（“ʿIllah”，即effective cause/理由依据）。
The ‘Illah that joins the origin to the branch.
例如:
Example:
安拉塔阿拉说:
Allah Ta’Aalaa says:
“你们要为敌人准备你们所能准备的力量和战马，以震慑安拉的敌人和你们的敌人。”（安法勒章 60）
And prepare for them all that you are able of force and of steeds of war by which you may terrify the enemy of Allah and your enemy (Al-Anfaal 60).
原则（Asl）：在经文降示之时，为之预备必要的力量和军马，也包括在这一原则之内。
The Asl (origin): Preparing or making ready the necessary power or force and the steeds of war were included within this at the time of the descent of the Aayah.
分支（Far'u）：如今为准备必要的武装力量而做的准备或装备工作，其中包括导弹和核弹。
The Far’u (branch): Preparing or making ready the necessary power of force today which would include within it missiles and nuclear bombs.
裁决：Al-Wujoob（义务）。
The Hukm: Al-Wujoob (obligation).
"Illah(理由)：使敌人心生恐惧。 Note: the rendering "‘Illah" as "Illah(理由)" is a transliteration with the meaning given; the translation of the term is "理由" (reason) as the original glosses it.
The ‘Illah (reason): Striking terror (fear) into the enemy.
Another example:
Another example:
安拉塔阿拉说:
Allah Ta’Aalaa says:
“信道的人们啊！当星期五召唤人们去礼拜时，你们应当赶快去记念真主，放下买卖。”（《古兰经》62:9）
O you who have believed, when [the Adhaan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu'ah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade (AlJumu’ah 9)
原则:贸易。
Al-Asl: Trade.
分支：Ijaarah（雇佣/租赁）或游泳。
Al-Far’u: Ijaarah (hiring/leasing) or swimming.
裁决:在主麻(周五聚礼)拜的宣礼声响起时进行交易是禁止的(Tahreem),这一禁令同样适用于其分支(Far'u)。
Al-Hukm: Tahreem (the prohibition) of conducting trade at the time of the Adhaan of the Jumu’ah prayer which then also applies upon the Far’u (branch).
"العِلَّة"(立法的理由)：使人分心于主日聚礼（Salaat ul-Jumu'ah）的事物。 Note on the translation: the bold/quote marks aside, here is the clean version: العِلَّة（立法的理由）：使人分心于主日聚礼（Salaat ul-Jumu'ah）的事物。
Al-‘Illah (reasoning for the legislation): Ilhaa’ (distraction) from Salaat ul-Jumu’ah.