伊斯兰教法裁决的类别
The Aqsaam (categories) Of Al-hukm Ash-shar’iy
伊斯兰教法的判断（Al-Hukm Ash-Shar'iy）分为两类：责成性的伊斯兰教法判断（Al-Hukm Ash-Shar'iy At-Takleefiy）和设定性的伊斯兰教法判断（Al-Hukm Ash-Shar'iy Al-Wad'iy）。
The Hukm Ash-Shar’iy is divided into two categories: Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy At-Takleefiy and Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy Al-Wad’iy.
法定的成义务性（Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy At-Takleefiy）：
Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy At-Takleefiy:
"الحكم الشرعي التكليفي" هو خطاب الشارع (المشرّع) المتعلق بأفعال العباد من حيث الاقتضاء أو التخيير.
Al-Hukm Ash-Shar’iy At-Takleefiy is the address of Ash-Shaari’ (The Legislator) related to the actions of the ‘Ibaad (slaves/people) B-il-Iqtidaa’ or At-Takhyeer.
这一种圣训（判断）被称为“Takleefiy”（责成性的），因为它包含对人的“Takleef”（法律上的责任归属），其方式是通过“Talab”（要求）去从事某项行为，或通过“Talab”要求放弃某项行为，或者在从事该行为与放弃该行为之间给予“Takhyeer”（选择权）。
This Hukm is called Takleefiy because it contains a Takleef (legal charging of responsibility) for the human by way of a Talab (request) to undertake the action or a Talab to leave the action or a provision of choice (Takhyeer) between undertaking the action or leaving it.
阿赫卡姆·沙尔伊·塔克利菲（Al-Hukm Ash-Shar'iy At-Takleefiy）分为五种类型：
The Hukm Ash-Shar’iy At-Takleefiy is divided into five types:
1 – 瓦吉卜（Al-Waajib）：指立法者（Ash-Shaari'）以确定性的要求（Talab Jaazim）所要求去做的事情，例如天课（Zakaah）。
1 – Al-Waajib: It is what the Shaari’ (Legislator) has requested to do with a decisive request (Talab Jaazim). This is like the Zakaah for example.
2 – 伪 Al-Mandoob（mandub，推荐行为）：指立法者（Ash-Shaari'）以非决定性的请求（Talab Ghair Jaazim）所要求去做的行为，例如施舍（Sadaqah）。
2 – Al-Mandoob: It is what the Shaari’ (Legislator) has requested to do with a non-decisive request (Talab Ghair Jaazim). This is like the giving of Sadaqah for example.
3 – 哈拉姆（Al-Haraam）：它是立法者（Ash-Shaari'）以决定性的要求（Talab Jaazim）要求人们放弃的事物。例如通奸（Zinaa）和高利贷（Ribaa）。
3 – Al-Haraam: It is what the Shaari’ has requested to leave with a decisive request (Talab Jaazim). This is like Zinaa and Ribaa for example.
4 – 嫌恶（Al-Makrooh）：指立法者以非确定性的要求（Talab Ghair Jaazim）请求人避免之事。例如在如厕之处交谈。
4 – Al-Makrooh: It is what the Shaari’ has requested to leave with a non-decisive request (Talab Ghair Jaazim). This is like speaking in the place where one relives them self for example.
5 – 中性（Al-Mubaah）：指立法者（Ash-Shaari'）赋予负有责任之人（Mukallaf）在做或不做某事之间的选择权。例如饮水和行走。
5 – Al-Mubaah: This is when the Shaari’ has provided the choice to the Mukallaf (one charged) between undertaking the action or leaving it. This is like drinking water and walking for example.