8 – 惩戒(At-Ta'deeb),如至高的真主所说:
8 – At-Ta’deeb (chastisement) like in His Qawl Ta’Aalaa:
《禁止》(An-nahi)
An-nahi (the Forbiddance)
《An-Nahi》的含义:
The meaning of An-Nahi:
"النهي" هو الطلب بترك الفعل أو بعدم فعله، "على سبيل الاستعلاء" (بمعنى أنه صادر من جهة عالية)، وصيغة النهي في اللغة العربية هي: "لا تفعل" أو "لا يفعل"، كما ورد في قوله تعالى: Actually, to be faithful to the source in Chinese, here is the translation: "nahi"(纳海)是指在"isti'laa'"(伊斯提拉')的意义或基础上(即该命令出自更高权威)要求放弃或不做某事的请求。阿拉伯语中禁止的形式("Seeghat un-Nahi")是:Laa Taf'al 或 Laa Yaf'al,如同在安拉(SWT)的话语中出现的那样:
The Nahi is the Talab (request) to leave or to not do the action ‘Alaa Sabeel Al-Isti’laa’i (upon the sense or basis that it has come from a higher authority). The Seeghat un-Nahi (form of forbiddance) in the Arabic language is: Laa Taf’al or Laa Yaf’al) like has come in his Qawl (swt):
不要吞食高利(利息/重利)(《阿里·伊姆兰》130节)。
Do not eat (consume/devour) Ribaa (usury) (Aali ‘Imraan 130).
正如安拉的使者(saw)所说:"如果鞋子脚趾间的带子断了,那么他就不应只穿一只鞋走路(Laa Yamshi),直到他修好另一只鞋的带子。"(《沙希赫·穆斯林》)
And it is like the statement of the Messenger of Allah (saw): “If the strap between the toes of the sandal breaks then he (the person) should not walk (Laa Yamshi) with only one sandal until he has fixed the strap of the other” (Saheeh Muslim).
正如命令式(Seeghat ul-Amr)有多种含义一样,禁止式(Seeghat un-Nahi)也有若干含义,包括:
Just as the Seeghat ul-Amr (command form) has many meanings the Seeghat un-Nahi (form of forbiddance) also has a number of meanings which include:
1 – 《禁止》(At-Tahreem)之义,以及真主至高者的话所说的那样。
1 – At-Tahreem (prohibition) and that is like has come in the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa
你们不要互相窥探,也不要背后议论他人。(《胜利者章》第12节)
And do not spy on or backbite each other (Al-Hujuraat 12).
2 – 厌恶(Al-Karaahah),如先知穆罕默德ﷺ的话所说:
2 – Al-Karaahah (dislike) like in the statement of the Messenger of Allah (saw):
不要允许不先致以问候(Salaam)的人进入(Al-Baihaqi)。
Do not give permission to the one who does not initiate with the Salaam (Al-Baihaqi).
3 – 贬低(At-Tahqeer):其例子是真主的话:
3 – At-Tahqeer (disdain, disparagement) and an example of this is His Qawl Ta’Aalaa:
你不要羡慕我以之给予他们中的各类人享用的(那些东西),也不要为之伤心。——《塔哈》131节
And do not extend your eyes in longing for the things We have given for enjoyment to various groups of them (TaHa 131).
4 – 对“عاقبة”(后果)的解释,以及其例证,即安拉的圣言(SWT):
4 – Explanation of the ‘Aaqibah (consequence) and an example of this is His Qawl (swt):
你切莫以为真主疏忽于不义者所做的事(易卜拉欣章 42节)。
And never think that Allah is unheedful of what the wrongdoers (oppressors) do (Ibraheem 42).
5 – 祈求(Ad-Du’aa),如真主的言语(SWT)所说:
5 – Ad-Du’aa (supplication) like in His Qawl (swt):
主啊!求你不要让我们成为不义者的试炼。(尤努斯 85)
Our Lord, make us not [objects of] trial for the oppressors (Younus 85).
6 – 《Al-Irshaad》(指引/引导),如同祂的经文所说:
6 – Al-Irshaad (guidance/direction) like in His speech Ta’Aalaa:
"O you who have believed, do not ask about things which, if they are shown to you, will distress you" (Al-Maa’idah 101). Translating to Chinese (Simplified): { 信道的人们啊!不要询问那些事情,如果为你们而表明,就会使你们为难。}(筵席章第101节)
O you who have believed, do not ask about things which, if they are shown to you, will distress you (Al-Maa’idah 101).
7 – 绝望(At-Ta’yees):如安拉的言语(SWT)所说:
7 – At-Ta’yees (despair/hopelessness) like in His Qawl (swt):
"将在后世被说:)你们这些不信道的人啊,今天不要找借口了!你们只是因为过去所做的事而受到报应。"(《禁令》7)
It will be said in the Hereafter) O you who disbelieve, make no excuses this Day! You are being requited only for what you used to do (At-Tahreem 7).
不要为了求取更多而施恩于人。(《穆达西尔》6)
And do not confer favour seeking to acquire more (Al-Mudaththir 6).
所有这些含义都确立了“نهي”的语式(禁止式),而这一语式被用于多种含义。这是因为“نهي”在实质上是要求离开或不做某事的请求,然而它并不表示“التحريم”(禁止)、“الإرشاد”(指引/指导)、“الكراهة”(厌恶)或其他任何含义,除非借助某种“قرينة”(语境标志)。
All of these meanings establish the Seeghat un-Nahi (form of forbiddance) which indicates that the Seeghat un-Nahi is utilised in a number of meanings. That is because the Nahi relates in reality to the request to leave or to not do something, however it does not indicate At-Tahreem (prohibition) or Al-Irshaad (guidance/direction) or Al-Karaahah (dislike) or anything else except by way of a Qaree